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Objectives: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Therefore, there is a need for new approaches that increase the success of treatment in breast cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with treatment resistance and metastasis, which are important problems in cancer treatment including breast tumors. In this study, the Hematopoietic- and neurologic-expressed sequence 1-like (HN1L), also known as Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 2 (JPT2) protein levels which is involved in the self-renewal of CSCs were evaluated in common and rare breast tumor types. Methods: In this context, HN1L protein levels were measured from plasma of 17 patients and from tumor and normal tissues of 9 patients by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: Mean HN1L levels were measured as 1.63 ± 0.88 ng/mL in plasma samples, 2.18 ± 0.75 ng/mL in tumor tissue samples and 2.71 ± 0.88 ng/mL in normal tissue samples. A significant difference was observed between mean HN1L levels in plasma and normal tissue (p < 0.05). Correlation of HN1L protein levels with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Accordingly, HN1L levels were positively correlated with tumor size and invasion status (r = 0.425; p < 0.05 and r = 0.449; p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: We believe that the importance of HN1L in management of breast cancers will be demonstrated more thoroughly when further studies are conducted with increased number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the main cause of cancer-related deaths global. • Mitochondrial miRNAs can cause breast and other cancers by altering mitochondrial function. • MitomiRs can affect many signaling pathways in cancer, such as tumor suppressor and/or oncogenic. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Although miRNAs mainly act in the cytoplasm, they can be found in the mitochondrial compartment of the cell. These miRNAs called "MitomiR", they can change mitochondrial functions by regulating proteins at the mitochondrial level and cause cancer. In this review, we have aimed to explain miRNA biogenesis, transport pathways to mitochondria, and summarize mitomiRs that have been shown to play an important role in mitochondrial function, especially in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Albumin‐based nanoparticle transport systems (nab‐technology) are a new strategy in cancer treatment and we aimed to increase the effectiveness of Niclosamide using this technology. Niclosamide was bound with bovine serum albumin (BSA) by desolvation to yield nanoparticle albumin‐bound Niclosamide (nab‐Niclo). Nab‐Niclo anticancer activity was assessed by proliferation, apoptosis and DNA damage analyses on breast cancer cells. The results implied that nab‐Niclo was a more potent agent in the inhibition of cell viability than free Niclosamide and albumin. Flow cytometry analysis show that nab‐Niclo triggered apoptosis by caspase and mitochondria‐dependent pathways in cells and nab‐Niclo enhances apoptosis by induce DNA damage in cells. Overall results of this study showed that the nanoparticle form of Niclosamide is effective for breast cancer treatment, presenting a new treatment strategy that can be safe and effective for breast cancer patients.This study shows that albumin‐bound form of Niclosamide (nab‐Niclo) inhibits breast cancer cell viability, induces apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, and oxidative stress with DNA damage. Also, it appears to be more effective than niclosamide alone. nab‐Niclo may be a potential agent for breast cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRCA1/BRCA2 genes were screened in 117 patients with breast cancer by sequencing. Fourteen percent of patients tested positive for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. Four frame shift mutations, four pathogenic missense mutations, and 25 different sequence variations were detected. BRCA mutation positivity was significantly associated with Ki67 ( p = .001). BRCA protein expressions were decreased in the patients harboring important mutations and polymorphisms ( BRCA1;P508stop, V1740G, Q1182R, Q1756P and BRCA2;V2466A) related with disease. Our findings contribute significantly to the types of germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations and their biological effects in Turkish women. These data could help guide the management of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation-carrying patients when considering breast-conserving therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]