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This article is an integrative review regarding the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for teaching Dentistry. Thus, the article aimed to analyze papers that show the use of these technologies as resources and tools for learning. The stages in the elaboration of this integrative review were: establishing the guiding question and aims of the study, establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria for articles, defining the research instrument and information to be extracted from the articles selected, results analysis, and discussion. For this, bibliographical data was collected from the SciELO, ColecionaSUS, and Periódicos CAPES databases in the search for articles published in the last five years, written in Portuguese, and containing the following keywords in Health Sciences: "education in dentistry", "dentistry", "dentistry informatics", "distance learning", and "education", and which were related in context to the topic of study. Eleven articles were selected as the results, which were analyzed using the data collection instrument. It was concluded that the current technologies used as teaching resources and tools contribute as allies for improving ways of teaching and learning, particularly in the area of dentistry, in a way that makes courses more interactive and dynamic, and adding personal and technical skills to the profiles of the professionals trained.

Biostatistics is a critical skill to physicians in an evidence-based medicine era, but teaching basic statistical concepts is challenging. Students often experience anxiety caused by the complexity of statistics and might express negative attitudes toward the subject. We aimed to analyze the effect of an introductory biostatistics course using RStudio on attitude toward statistics and assess its acceptance among medical students. Forty-three 1st-year medical students were included. Pre- and post-course attitudes toward statistics were assessed using the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATS-28) scale and technology acceptance was assessed by a Technology Acceptance Model scale at the end of the course. There was a statistically discernible (significant) gain in the scores of three of the four SATS dimensions: affection (p = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.442), cognitive competence (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.605), and difficulty (p = 0.008, Cohen's d = 0.421). Acceptance of RStudio was moderate to high in 93% of the participants, without statistical differences between genders. RStudio can be useful in the teaching of statistics to medical students, being well accepted and positively associated with students' attitude toward statistics. Supplementary files for this article are available online.

This study aimed to describe the benefits of memory training for older adults with low education. Twenty-nine healthy older adults with zero to two years of formal education participated. Sixteen participants received training based on categorization (categorization group = CATG) and 13 received training based on mental images (imagery group--IMG). One group served as control for the other because they trained with different strategies. Training was offered in eight sessions of 90 minutes. The participants were evaluated pre- and posttraining. IMG improved performance in episodic memory tests and had reduced depressive symptoms. CATG increased the use of categorization but did not increase performance in episodic memory tests. Results suggest that the strategy based on the creation of mental images was more effective for older adults with low formal education. (Contains 4 tables.)

Simple Summary: Lymphomas related to HIV are generally aggressive and have a poor prognosis, despite the use of effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and effective chemotherapy treatment. This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, survival and prognostic factors in children and adolescents living with HIV (CLWH) with lymphomas in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. Our study population showed reduced overall, event-free, and disease-free survival probabilities. Performance status 4 (PS 4) and low CD4+ T-cell counts were considered poor prognostic factors. This study was designed to improve the quality of HIV-related lymphoma treatment in our population. Lymphomas related to HIV are generally aggressive and have a poor prognosis, despite the use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and effective chemotherapy treatment. To determine survival and prognostic factors in children and adolescents living with HIV (CLWH) in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, who developed lymphomas, we performed a retrospective and observational study of vertically infected CLWH aged from 0 to 20 incomplete years during1995 to 2018 at five reference centers for cancer and HIV/AIDS treatment. Of the 25 lymphomas, 19 were AIDS-defining malignancies (ADM) and 6 were non-AIDS-defining malignancies (NADM). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) probabilities were both 32.00% (95% CI = 13.72–50.23%), and the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) probability was 53.30% (95% CI = 28.02–78.58%). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, performance status 4 (PS 4) was considered a poor prognostic factor for OS (HR 4.85, 95% CI = 1.81–12.97, p = 0.002) and EFS (HR 4.95, 95% CI = 1.84–13.34, p = 0.002). For the DFS, higher CD4+ T-cell counts were considered a better prognostic factor (HR 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76–0.97, p = 0.017) in the multivariate Cox regression analysis. This study demonstrates, for the first time, survival and prognostic factors for CLWH who developed lymphomas in RJ, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In Brazil, we have a considerable population of children living with HIV (CLWH), who are at a high risk of cancer development due to HIV infection (especially lymphomas), despite treatment with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). This study aimed to learn how we might prevent these malignancies. We found a higher incidence of AIDS-defining malignancies (ADM) compared to non-AIDS-defining ones (NADM). In addition, ADM incidence rate decreased through widespread cART use. This study demonstrates the incidence of lymphoma in CLWH in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, as well as the benefit of cART in reducing ADM and death occurrences in the Post-cART Era. The incidence of cancer in children living with HIV (CLWH) is high and lymphomas are the most common type of cancer in this population. The combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) changed the natural history of HIV infection. To determine the incidence and profile of these CLWH malignancies in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, we conducted a retrospective and observational study of vertically infected CLWH, ranging from 0–20 incomplete years, from 1995 to 2018, at five reference centers. The study period was divided into three eras in accordance with the widespread use of cART in Brazil. 1306 patients were included. Of the 25 lymphomas found, 19 were AIDS-defining malignancies (ADM); 6 were non-AIDS-defining malignancies (NADM). The incidence rate (IR) of lymphoma developing was 1.70 per 1000 children-year (95% CI 1.09–2.50). ADM development IR decreased from 2.09–1.75–0.19 per 1000 children-year (p < 0.001) through cART eras. Cumulative Nelson–Aalen hazards of developing ADM over a 20-year period were 3.73% in the Early-cART era, 3.07% in the Mid-cART era, and 0.32% in the Late-cART era (p = 0.013). This study demonstrates the IR of lymphoma in CLWH in RJ, Brazil, as well as the benefit of cART in reducing ADM and death occurrence in the Post-cART era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to describe the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis in a neonatal intensive care unit.. Methods: cross-sectional study that included all neonates with invasive candidiasis confirmed by blood culture from April 2015 to June 2018. Demographic, clinical and microbiological data were analyzed, comparing neonates with extreme low birth weight (ELBW) with neonates = 1000g birth weight, considering a p <0.05 as statistically significant.. Results: there were 38 cases of invasive candidiasis, resulting in an overall incidence of 2.5%. Twelve (32%) were ELBW neonates and 26 (68%) neonates = 1000g birth weight, an incidence of 4.4% and 2.0%, respectively. Abdominal surgery was more frequent among neonates with birth weight = 1000g compared to ELBW neonates (85% vs. 17%; p <0.01), as well as the median in days of antibiotics use (18 vs. 10.5; p = 0.04). The median in days of mechanical ventilation was more frequent among ELBW neonates (10 vs. 5.5; p = 0.04). The majority of Candida species were non-albicans (64%). Fatality rate was 32%. Conclusions: the incidence of invasive candidiasis among neonates with birth weight = 1000g was higher than that found in the literature. This group has a higher proportion of gastrointestinal malformations that require surgery. Thus, fluconazole prophylaxis may be necessary for a broader group of neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey describes the occurrence of Ethephon (ETH) and Fosetyl in fruits intended for export produced in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The determination of these compounds was carried out by the QuPPe-method (Quick Polar Pesticides Method), which was optimised and successfully validated according to the SANTE/11813/2017. From January 2016 to December 2018 a total of 1048 samples were analysed for ETH residues. In 547 (53%) of the samples, residues below the EU MRL of 1 mg kg−1 were present. In 17 samples (2%) ETH residues were above 1 mg kg−1. Overall, the mean ETH level decreased after 2016. Analyses of fosetyl showed that (18%) of 109 mango samples were positive for this compound. Phosphonic acid was found in concentrations ranging from 0.12 to 3.2 mg kg−1 and 5% of the measurements were above the EU MRL of 2 mg kg−1. The results emphasise the quality control of fruits produced in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has evolved rapidly in recent years. Nonetheless, conventional synthetic disease-modifying drugs (csDMARDs) remain the gold standard for RA treatment. The treatment for RA is expensive and this has a negative impact on public health. Given the low cost of csDMARDs compared to those of other treatment strategies, it is important to manage this type of treatment properly. Information on the duration of use of each drug and the reasons for their discontinuation is relevant to medical practitioners as it could improve the information available regarding side effects and their proper management. Moreover, data from clinical practice in the population can provide health care managers with information for resource allocation and optimization of csDMARD use with a consequent cost reduction in the treatment of RA. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to describe the use of csDMARDs in public health services in Brazil, emphasizing on the duration of use and reasons for discontinuation of each drug. This study is a part of the REAL, a multicenter project that evaluated Brazilian patients with RA from eleven rheumatology services from August to October 2015. Patients were examined clinically, and an analysis of complementary exams and medical records was performed. A total of 1125 patients were included. 98.5% were women with a median age of 55.6 years. 36% and 90.84% patients were using biological disease-modifying drugs (bDMARDs) and csDMARDs, respectively. The duration of use and doses of each medication and the causes of suspension were analyzed. Most of the patients analyzed in this study were using csDMARDs for prolonged periods and methotrexate showed the longest duration of use. Interruption indexes due to ineffectiveness and side effects were analyzed. The knowledge of common adverse effects may alert attending physicians to the proper management of effective and low-cost therapeutic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]