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Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated in a Brazilian public hospital.Methods:This was an exploratory retrospective cost-of-illness study with quantitative approach, using medical records of patients treated in a public hospital (2012–14), with at least one consultation over a period of 12 months. Data on patient's profile, exams, number of consultations, medications, hospitalizations, and comorbidities were collected. The cost per patient per year (pppy) was calculated as well as the costs related to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, using thresholds of 7 and 8 percent.Results:Data of 726 patients were collected with mean age of 62 ± 11 years (68.3 percent female). A total of 67.1 percent presented HbA1c > 7 percent and 44.9 percent > 8 percent. The median cost of diabetes was United States dollar (USD) 197 pppy. The median costs of medication were USD 152.49 pppy, while costs of exams and consultations were USD 40.57 pppy and 8.70 pppy, respectively. Thirty-eight patients (4 percent) were hospitalized and presented a median cost of 3,656 per patient per hospitalization with a cost equivalent to 53.1 percent of total expenses. Total costs of patients with HbA1c ≤ 7 percent were lower for this group and also costs of medications and consultations, whereas for patients with HbA1c ≤ 8 percent, only total costs and costs of medications were lower when compared with HbA1c > 8 percent patients.Conclusions:Medications and hospitalizations were the major contributor of diabetes expenses. Preventing T2DM, or reducing its complications through adequate control, may help avoid the substantial costs related to this disease.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and etiological profile of enteropathogens in children from a daycare center. Methods: From October 2010 to February 2011 stool samples from 100 children enrolled in a government daycare center in the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, in the state of São Paulo, were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 246 bacteria were isolated in 99% of the fecal samples; 129 were in the diarrheal group and 117 in the non-diarrheal group. Seventy-three strains of Escherichia coli were isolated, 19 of Enterobacter, one of Alcaligenes and one of Proteus. There were 14 cases of mixed colonization with Enterobacter and E. coli. Norovirus and Astrovirus were detected in children with clinical signs suggestive of diarrhea. These viruses were detected exclusively among children residing in urban areas. All fecal samples were negative for the presence of the rotavirus species A and C. The presence of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and hookworm was observed. A significant association was found between food consumption outside home and daycare center and the presence of intestinal parasites. Conclusions: For children of this daycare center, intestinal infection due to pathogens does not seem to have contributed to the occurrence of diarrhea or other intestinal symptoms. The observed differences may be due to the wide diversity of geographical, social and economic characteristics and the climate of Brazil, all of which have been reported as critical factors in the modulation of the frequency of different enteropathogens. Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e o perfil etiológico de enteropatógenos em crianças de uma creche. Métodos: No período de outubro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 foram coletadas e analisadas amostras de fezes de 100 crianças matriculadas em creche do governo no município de São José do Rio Preto, Estado de São Paulo. Resultados: Um total de 246 bactérias foram isoladas em 99% das amostras de fezes; 129 eram diarreicas e 117 não-diarreicas. Foram isoladas setenta e três cepas de Escherichia coli, 19 de Enterobacter, uma de Alcaligenes e uma de Proteus. Foram detectados 14 casos de colonização mista com Enterobacter e de E. coli. Norovírus e Astrovirus foram detectados em crianças com sinais clínicos sugestivos de diarréia. Estes vírus foram detectados exclusivamente entre as crianças residentes em áreas urbanas. Todas as amostras fecais foram negativas para a presença das espécies de rotavírus A e C. Foi observada a presença de Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana e ancilostomídeos. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre o consumo de alimentos fora do centro da casa e creche e a presença de parasitos intestinais. Conclusões: Para as crianças desta creche, a infecção intestinal por patógenos não parece ter contribuido para a ocorrência de diarreia ou outros sintomas intestinais. As diferenças observadas podem ser atribuídas à grande diversidade de características geográficas, sociais e econômicas e o clima do Brasil, as quais tem sido relatadas como fatores críticos para a modulação da frequência de diferentes enteropatógenos

Over the last 30 years, the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis has almost been totally elucidated, and many factors responsible for the persistence of this infection have been identified. Numerous antimicrobial agents with distinct spectrums of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics have been used in its treatment. Surgical techniques, including muscle grafts, the Ilizarov technique, and antibiotic bone cements, have been applied. However, bone infections are still a challenge. Despite the importance of isolation and identification of microorganisms to determine the antimicrobial treatment of bone infections, there are few systematic national studies about the etiological profile of these diseases. This article describes the current knowledge of osteomyelitis and summarizes published national data based on the experience of different Orthopedic and Traumatology Services. In general, S. aureus was described as an important etiological agent; however, the difference in design of national studies makes a comparison between the prevalence of bone infection, the associated risk factors, and the different therapeutic approaches difficult. In conclusion, effort is necessary in order to stimulate systematic national studies in different Orthopedics and Traumatology Services to obtain a better consensus on preventive measures and therapies of bone infections. Keywords: osteomyelitis, arthroplasty, S. aureus

To study enteropathogens, 100 fecal samples were collected from a Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive population, with or without diarrhea. Giardia lamblia and calicivirus were significantly associated with diarrhea as were severe immunosuppression and the presence of at least one enteropathogen. No sample was positive for rotavirus and only one asymptomatic individual carried the astrovirus. We concluded that there is a great diversity of pathogens and opportunistic infections in the studied population, with a high prevalence of mixed colonization/infection. Our findings pave the way for future molecular studies related to the expression of virulence factors and to the possibility of pathogen–pathogen interactions, especially between G. lamblia and calicivirus. These findings are relevant to the improvement of therapies and controlling diarrhea in the HIV-seropositive population.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence pattern of mixed-Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in Brazil by molecular diagnosis and to address its clinically important features. DNA was extracted from 115 thick blood film P. falciparum human blood positive samples using the phenol-chloroform method, followed by a semi-nested PCR protocol with species-specific primers. Seventy-three percent of P. falciparum single infections and 26.95% of mixed infections were found. Amongst mixed infections, the majority was double infection (96.77%). Our results suggest that the prevalence of one species over the other can be important on weakening P. falciparum malaria clinical symptoms. We confirm that P. falciparum co-infections frequently occur in Brazilian malaria endemic areas, with underestimated diagnosis. The results point to the need of improving microscopy or changing for another accurate diagnosis technique to differentiate among human malaria species, as this is essential to choose the best treatment and control measure for malaria. More investigations are necessary in order to clarify the role of mixed-infections in the severity of P. falciparum disease.

The prevalence of obesity, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide, especially in the developing nations of South America. Brazil has experienced an exponential increase in the prevalence of these chronic non-communicable diseases. The rising prevalence is probably due to changing eating patterns, sedentary living, and a progressive aging of the population. These trends and their underlying causes carry untoward consequences for all Brazilians and the future of Brazilian public health and the healthcare system. Lifestyle changes that include healthy eating (nutrition therapy) and regular physical activity (structured exercise) represent efficient inexpensive measures to prevent and/or treat the aforementioned disorders and are recommended for all afflicted patients. Regrettably, the implementation of lifestyle changes is fraught with clinical and personal challenges in real life. The transcultural Diabetes Nutrition Algorithm (tDNA) is a therapeutic tool intended to foster implementation of lifestyle recommendations and to improve disease-related outcomes in common clinical settings. It is evidence-based and amenable to cultural adaptation. The Brazilian Diabetes Association, Society of Cardiology and Ministry of Health guidelines for nutrition therapy and physical exercise were considered for the Brazilian adaptation. The resultant tDNA-Brazil and its underlying recommendations are presented and explained.

The population of Southeastern Brazil has a very high mortality rate from liver cirrhosis, a disease that is considered an irreversible pre-malignant condition. This is largely due to the high prevalence of alcohol abuse in the region. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with the production of free radical intermediates that can cause several DNA lesions. Reduced repair of these DNA lesions would, therefore, constitute a significant risk factor for liver cirrhosis and subsequent cancer. Recently, a number of polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have been discovered, and it is possible that these polymorphisms may affect DNA repair capacity and thus modulate susceptibility to the disease. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene XRCC1 are associated with increased risk of liver cirrhosis in Southeastern Brazilians. We conducted a pilot case-control study of 97 liver cirrhosis cases and 96 controls (matched for age, sex, and ethnicity) to investigate the role of two allelic variants coding for amino acid changes in the XRCC1 gene (the Arg194Trp and the Arg399Gln polymorphisms). Overall, we observed a 1.8-fold increase in the relative risk of liver cirrhosis associated with the 399Gln allele (either the heterozygous Arg/Gln or the homozygous Gln/Gln genotypes). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.82 (95% confidence limit (CL) 1.10–3.30). The relative risk appears to be highest among the Mestiso ethnic group (OR 2.60, 95% CL 0.92–7.34). There was a significant association between the 399Gln polymorphism and the risk of liver cirrhosis in older individuals over the age of 45 years (OR 2.70 (95% CL 1.14–6.48) compared to an OR of 1.24 (95% CL 0.55–2.78) for those under 45 years of age. No association was observed between the XRCC1 194Trp polymorphism and risk of liver cirrhosis. These preliminary results suggest that the XRCC1 399Gln polymorphism may be a significant risk modifier for alcoholic liver cirrhosis and justifies additional studies in that direction.

We present evidence for Plasmodium vivax infection among Duffy blood group-negative inhabitants of Brazil. The P. vivax identification was determined by both genotypic and non-genotypic screening tests. The Duffy blood group was genotyped by PCR/RFLP and phenotyped using a microtyping kit. We detected two homozygous FY*B-33 carriers infected by P. vivax, whose circumsporozoite protein genotypes were VK210 and/or P. vivax-like. Additional efforts are necessary in order to clarify the evidence that P. vivax is being transmitted among Duffy blood group-negative patients from the Brazilian Amazon region.

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: O bocavírus humano (HBoV) tem sido descrito desde 2005 como agente etiológico de infecções respiratórias virais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a etiologia da infecção respiratória pelo HBoV em pacientes adultos e crianças de diferentes grupos de risco para complicação de infecções respiratórias agudas desde 2001 até 2008 em um hospital terciário no Brasil. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: O HBoV foi investigado, através de reação em cadeia da polimerase, em 598 amostras respiratórias coletadas de pacientes hospitalizados e não hospitalizados. RESULTADOS: Das 598 amostras testadas o HBoV foi detectado em 2,44% (8/328) das crianças, incluindo cinco crianças portadoras de cardiopatia congênita, e 0,4% (1/270) dos adultos em programa de transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados do presente estudo sugerem baixa freqüência de detecção do HBoV entre pacientes de risco, e destaca a necessidade de novos estudos para um melhor entendimento do verdadeiro papel desse agente em infecções respiratórias agudas em pacientes sintomáticos. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human Bocavirus (HBoV) has been described since 2005 as an etiological agent of respiratory virus infections. From 2001 to 2008 we investigated the etiology of HBoV among adults and children in different groups at risk of presenting complications arising from acute respiratory infection, the investigation was carried out in a tertiary hospital health care system in Brazil. METHODS: HBoV DNA was assayed in 598 respiratory samples from community and hospitalized patients by PCR. RESULTS: Of the 598 tested samples, 2.44% (8/328) of children, including five children with heart disease, and 0.4% (1/270) of adult bone-marrow-transplant were HBoV positive. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested lower HBoV frequency among different at-risk patients and highlights the need to better understand the real role of HBoV among acute respiratory symptomatic patients. LEAL, E. S. Pós-Dr. Docente da Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Biotecnologia

Background: Learning styles are cognitive, emotional, and physiological traits, as well as indicators of how learners perceive, interact, and respond to their learning environments. According to Honey-Mumford, learning styles are classified as active, reflexive, theoretical, and pragmatic. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the predominant learning styles among pharmacy students at the Federal University of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted using the Honey-Alonso Learning Style Questionnaire. Students in the Bachelor of Pharmacy program were invited to participate in this study. The questionnaire comprised 80 randomized questions, 20 for each of the four learning styles. The maximum possible score was 20 points for each learning style, and cumulative scores indicated the predominant learning styles among the participants. Honey-Mumford (1986) proposed five preference levels for each style (very low, low, moderate, high, and very high), called a general interpretation scale, to avoid student identification with one learning style and ignoring the characteristics of the other styles. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: This study included 297 students (70% of all pharmacy students at the time) with a median age of 21 years old. Women comprised 77.1% of participants. The predominant style among pharmacy students at the Federal University of Paraná was the pragmatist, with a median of 14 (high preference). The pragmatist style prevails in people who are able to discover techniques related to their daily learning because such people are curious to discover new strategies and attempt to verify whether the strategies are efficient and valid. Because these people are direct and objective in their actions, pragmatists prefer to focus on practical issues that are validated and on problem situations. There was no statistically significant difference between genders with regard to learning styles. Conclusion: The pragmatist style is the prevailing style among pharmacy students at the Federal University of Paraná. Although students may have a learning preference that preference is not the only manner in which students can learn, neither their preference is the only manner in which students can be taught. Awareness of students’ learning styles can be used to adapt the methodology used by teachers to render the teaching-learning process effective and long lasting. The content taught to students should be presented in different manners because varying teaching methods can develop learning skills in students.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:52:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000300132800014.pdf: 212581 bytes, checksum: 6535572dbec9f900d22c06ab647009a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000300132800014.pdf: 212581 bytes, checksum: 6535572dbec9f900d22c06ab647009a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:34:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000300132800014.pdf: 212581 bytes, checksum: 6535572dbec9f900d22c06ab647009a4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000300132800014.pdf: 212581 bytes, checksum: 6535572dbec9f900d22c06ab647009a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) COLCIENCIAS Ministry of Social Protection National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) We evaluated the influence of allelic frequency of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -DRB1 on the acquisition of antibody response against malaria sporozoite and merozoite peptides in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria acquired in endemic areas of Brazil. IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against four peptides of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) (amino, carboxyl, and VK210 and VK247 repeats) and peptides of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1), apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1), and Duffy-binding protein (DBP). We found an association between HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR5 alleles and lack of antibody response to CSP amino terminal, as well as an association between HILA-DR3 and the highest antibody response to MSP1 (Pv200L). In conclusion, we suggest a potential regulatory role of the H1A-DRB1 alleles in the production of antibodies to a conserved region of P. vivax CSP and MSP1 in Brazilian population exposed to malaria. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Biociencias, BR-49500000 Itabaiana, SE, Brazil Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Dept Doencas Dermatol Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Ctr Invest Microrganismos, BR-15090000 São Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Inst Ciencias Exatas Nat & Educ, BR-38025180 Uberaba, MC, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-15054000 São Paulo, Brazil Nucleo Estadual Amapa CRDT, Minist Saude, BR-68900430 Macapa, Amapa, Brazil Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Inst Evandro Chagas, Lab Pesquisas Basicas Malaria, BR-6703000 Ananindeua, Para, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, BR-05508900 São Paulo, Brazil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Lab Malaria, BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Valle, Fac Salud, Inst Inmunol, Cali, Colombia Univ Fed Fluminense, Inst Biomed, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, BR-24210130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Dept Epidemiol, BR-15090000 São Paulo, Brazil Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Dept Biol Mol, Lab Imunohematol, BR-15090000 São Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-15054000 São Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 02/09546-1 FAPESP: 06/09546-1 CNPq: 302353/03-8 CNPq: 410405/2006-0 COLCIENCIAS: 1106-04-16489) Ministry of Social Protection: 2304-04-19524 Ministry of Social Protection: 253-2005 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID): 49486/TMRC

INTRODUCTION: We describe the epidemiology of intestinal parasites in patients from an AIDS reference service in Northeastern São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation was done for all HIV-1/AIDS-positive patients whose Hospital de Base/São José do Rio Preto laboratorial analysis was positive for enteroparasites after diagnosis of HIV-1 infection, from January 1998 to December 2008. Statistical analysis was performed using the R statistical software version 2.4.1. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: The most frequent protozoan was Isospora belli (4.2%), followed by Giardia lamblia (3.5%), Entamoeba coli (2.8%), and Cryptosporidium parvum (0.3%). Ancylostoma duodenale (1.4%) was the most frequently detected helminth, while Taenia saginata and Strongiloides stercoralis were found in 0.7% of the samples. The results showed that diarrhea was significantly associated with giardiasis and isosporiasis. However, no association was observed between CD4+ cell counts, viral load, and the characteristics of any particular parasite. CONCLUSIONS: Our data may be useful for further comparisons with other Brazilian regions and other developing countries. The data may also provide important clues toward improving the understanding, prevention, and control of enteric parasites around the world. INTRODUÇÃO: Descrevemos a epidemiologia de enteroparasitoses em pacientes de um serviço de referência de AIDS, no noroeste paulista, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Durante o período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2008, foi realizado este estudo retrospectivo por meio da análise dos prontuários dos pacientes diagnosticados com HIV-1/AIDS atendidos no Ambulatório de Doenças Infecto-Parasitárias do Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas usando a versão 2.4.1 do software estatístico R. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: O protozoário mais frequente foi o Isospora belli (4,2%), seguido da Giardia lamblia (3,5%), Entamoeba coli (2,8%) e Criptosporidium parvum (0,3%). O Ancylostoma duodenalis (1,4%) foi o helminto mais detectado, enquanto a Taenia saginata e o Strongiloides stercoralis foram observados em 0,7% das amostras. Os resultados mostraram que a diarreia foi significativamente associada com giardíase e isosporíase. Entretanto, nenhuma associação foi observada entre as contagens de células T CD4+, carga viral e da característica de qualquer parasita em particular. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados podem ser úteis para futuras comparações com outras regiões do Brasil e outros países em desenvolvimento. Os dados também podem fornecer pistas importantes para a melhoria da compreensão, prevenção e controle de parasitas entéricos em todo o mundo.

Frequency and levels of IgG antibodies to an N-terminal fragment of the Plasmodium vivax MSP-1 (Pv200L) protein, in individuals naturally exposed to malaria in four endemic areas of Brazil, were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma samples of 261 P. vivax-infected individuals from communities of Macapa, Novo Repartimento, Porto Velho, and Placido de Castro in the Amazonian region with different malaria transmission intensities. A high mean number of studied individuals (89.3%) presented with antibodies to the Pv200L that correlated with the number of previous malaria infections; there were significant differences in the frequency of the responders (71.9–98.7) and in the antibody levels (1:200–1:51,200) among the four study areas. Results of this study provide evidence that Pv200L is a naturally immunogenic fragment of the PvMSP-1 and is associated with the degree of exposure to parasites. The fine specificity of antibodies to Pv200L is currently being assessed.

Background Merozoites of Plasmodium falciparum invade through several pathways using different RBC receptors. Field isolates appear to use a greater variability of these receptors than laboratory isolates. Brazilian field isolates were shown to mostly utilize glycophorin A-independent invasion pathways via glycophorin B (GPB) and/or other receptors. The Brazilian population exhibits extensive polymorphism in blood group antigens, however, no studies have been done to relate the prevalence of the antigens that function as receptors for P. falciparum and the ability of the parasite to invade. Our study aimed to establish whether variation in the GYPB*S/s alleles influences susceptibility to infection with P. falciparum in the admixed population of Brazil. Methods Two groups of Brazilian Amazonians from Porto Velho were studied: P. falciparum infected individuals (cases); and uninfected individuals who were born and/or have lived in the same endemic region for over ten years, were exposed to infection but have not had malaria over the study period (controls). The GPB Ss phenotype and GYPB*S/s alleles were determined by standard methods. Sixty two Ancestry Informative Markers were genotyped on each individual to estimate admixture and control its potential effect on the association between frequency of GYPB*S and malaria infection. Results GYPB*S is associated with host susceptibility to infection with P. falciparum; GYPB*S/GYPB*S and GYPB*S/GYPB*s were significantly more prevalent in the in the P. falciparum infected individuals than in the controls (69.87% vs. 49.75%; P

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T18:18:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:41:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:01:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0037-86822010000500007.pdf: 768765 bytes, checksum: 540d93f9d2064a901bd1f0948f4fbbe8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:01:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0037-86822010000500007.pdf: 768765 bytes, checksum: 540d93f9d2064a901bd1f0948f4fbbe8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Introduction: The Amazon region has extensive forested areas and natural ecosystems, providing favorable conditions for the existence of innumerous arboviruses. Over 200 arboviruses have been isolated in Brazil and about 40 are associated with human disease. Four out of 40 are considered to be of public health importance in Brazil: Dengue viruses (1-4), Oropouche, Mayaro and Yellow Fever. Along with these viruses, about 98% of the malaria cases are restricted to the Legal Amazon region. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the presence of arboviruses in 111 clinical serum samples from patients living in Novo Repartimento (Para), Placido de Castro (Acre), Porto Velho (Rondonia) and Oiapoque (Amapa). The viral RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed followed by a Multiplex-Nested-PCR, using Flavivirus, Alphavirus and Orthobunyavirus generic and species-specific primers. Results: Dengue virus serotype 2 was detected in two patients living in Novo Repartimento (Para) that also presented active Plasmodium vivax infection. Conclusions: Despite scant data, this situation is likely to occur more frequently than detected in the Amazon region. Finally, it is important to remember that both diseases have similar clinical findings, thus the diagnosis could be made concomitantly for dengue and malaria in patients living or returning from areas where both diseases are endemic or during dengue outbreaks. Sao Jose Rio do Preto Med Sch, Virol Lab, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Sao Jose Rio do Preto Med Sch, Dept Dermatol & Infect Dis, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil São Paulo State Univ, Grad Program Microbiol, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil São Paulo State Univ, Grad Program Microbiol, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2008/03828-1 FAPESP: 2002/0946-1 CNPq: 302353/03-8

Despite improvements in care and rehabilitation of burned patients, infections still remain the main complication and death cause. Catheter-related infections are among the four most common infections and are associated with skin damage and insertion site colonization. There are few studies evaluating this kind of infection worldwide in this special group of patients. Padre Albino Hospital Burn Care Unit (PAHBCU) is the only reference center in the Northwestern São Paulo for treatment of burned patients. This paper presents the results of a retrospective study aiming at describing the epidemiological and clinical features of catheter-related infections at PAHBCU. Keywords: catheter, infections, burns, bacteria

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:23:32Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:33:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-40749127614.pdf: 356366 bytes, checksum: b0281b66c4d7c1c0d48d2d87c07e88cd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:23:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-22 Malaria is an endemic parasitosis and its causitive agent, Plasmodium, has a metabolism linked to iron supply. HFE is a gene with the polymorphisms C282Y and H63D, which are associated with a progressive iron accumulation in the organism leading to a disease called hereditary hemochromatosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the HFE gene polymorphisms in malaria patients and blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon region. We screened 400 blood donors and 400 malaria patients for the HFE C282Y and H63D polymorphisms from four states of the Brazilian Amazon region by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We did not find any C282Y homozygous individuals, and the only five heterozygous individuals detected were from Pará State. The most frequent genotype in the North region of Brazil was the H63D heterozygote, in both study groups. Our results contribute to the concept that the Brazilian Amazon region should not be regarded as a single entity in South America. These polymorphisms did not influence the symptoms of malaria in the population studied, as neither severe signs nor high parasitemia were observed. Therefore, different hereditary hemochromatosis diagnostic and control measures must be developed and applied within its diverse locations. Investigations are currently being carried out in our laboratory in order to determine the importance of the coexistence of hereditary hemochromatosis in patients affected by parasitic diseases, such as malaria. ©FUNPEC-RP. Laboratório de Hemoglobinas e Genética Das Doenças Hematológicas Departamento de Biologia Instituto de Biociencias, Letras e Ciencias Exatas (IBILCE-UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP Faculdade SEAMA, Macapá, AP Laboratório de Hemoglobinas e Genética Das Doenças Hematológicas Departamento de Biologia Instituto de Biociencias, Letras e Ciencias Exatas (IBILCE-UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:47:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-01 The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of the Plasmodium vivax infective sporozoite is considered to be a major target for the development of recombinant malaria vaccines. The Duffy blood group molecule acts as the red blood cell receptor for P. vivax. We review the frequency of P. vivax CSP variants and report their association with the Duffy blood group genotypes from Brazilian Amazon patients carrying P. vivax malaria. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 155 P. vivax-infected individuals from five Brazilian malaria-endemic areas. The P. vivax CSP variants and the Duffy blood group genotypes were assessed using PCR/RFLP. In single infections, the VK210 variant was the commonest followed by the P. vivax-like variant. The typing of P. vivax indicated that the frequency of variants among the study areas was significantly different from one to another. This is the first detection of the VK247 and P. vivax-like variant in single infections in endemic areas of Brazil. Association of the CSP P. vivax variants with the heterozygous Duffy blood group system genotype was significant for VK210 single infection. These observations provide additional data on the Plasmodium-host interactions concerning the Duffy blood group and P. vivax capability of causing human malaria. © 2008 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. University of São Paulo State Júlio Mesquita Filho, Rua Cristovao Colombo 2265, 15054-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto Sao Paulo State Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, Ave. Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, Vila Sao Pedro, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo State Mato Grosso Federal University Department of Medical Clinic, Rua Luiz Phellipe Pereira Leite, 78048-902 Cuiaba Mato Grosso State SEAMA Faculty, Macapá, Amapá State Evandro Chagas Institute MS/SVS, Rodovia BR, -316 km 7 s/n, Levilandia 67030-000 Ananindeua, Para State Faculty of Medicine of São José Rio Preto Foundation, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima 5416, 15090-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto Sao Paulo State University of São Paulo State Júlio Mesquita Filho, Rua Cristovao Colombo 2265, 15054-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto Sao Paulo State

We compared the serological phenotypic frequencies of ABO, MNSs, and Duffy in 417 blood donors and 309 malaria patients from four Brazilian Amazon areas. Our results suggest no correlation between ABO phenotype and malaria infection in all areas studied. We observed significant correlation between the S+s+, S+s−, and S−s+ phenotypes and malaria infection in three areas. Some of the Duffy phenotypes showed significant correlation between donors and malaria patients in different areas. These data are an additional contribution to the establishment of differential host susceptibility to malaria.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0036-46652007000100001.pdf: 89731 bytes, checksum: db374aed174933db1226d2f70a93cd5d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0036-46652007000100001.pdf: 89731 bytes, checksum: db374aed174933db1226d2f70a93cd5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0036-46652007000100001.pdf: 89731 bytes, checksum: db374aed174933db1226d2f70a93cd5d (MD5) S0036-46652007000100001.pdf.txt: 20041 bytes, checksum: 620b5ae8a089f4eddd608dfdd3c56e6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:00:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0036-46652007000100001.pdf: 89731 bytes, checksum: db374aed174933db1226d2f70a93cd5d (MD5) S0036-46652007000100001.pdf.txt: 20041 bytes, checksum: 620b5ae8a089f4eddd608dfdd3c56e6b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:00:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0036-46652007000100001.pdf: 89731 bytes, checksum: db374aed174933db1226d2f70a93cd5d (MD5) S0036-46652007000100001.pdf.txt: 20041 bytes, checksum: 620b5ae8a089f4eddd608dfdd3c56e6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A transmissão da malária no Brasil é heterogênea em todas as áreas endêmicas e a presença de portadores assintomáticos de Plasmodium sp. (PAPs) na Amazônia brasileira já foi demonstrada. A triagem de pacientes maláricos em bancos de sangue é baseada na seleção dos doadores com relação aos riscos possíveis associados com residência, evidência clínica e/ou os métodos diagnósticos não acurados que aumentam a probabilidade da infecção transmitida por transfusão. Avaliamos a freqüência de PAPs em quatro bancos de sangue em áreas distintas da região Amazônica brasileira. O DNA foi obtido a partir de 400 amostras de sangue humano usando o método do fenol-clorofórmio, seguido por um protocolo de nested-PCR com oligonucleotídeos espécie-específicos. A taxa de positividade variou de 1 a 3% de doadores do sangue das quatro áreas, com uma média de 2,3%. Todos os indivíduos positivos tinham infecções mistas entre o Plasmodium vivax e o Plasmodium falciparum. Nenhuma diferença significativa nos resultados foi detectada entre estas áreas; a maioria dos casos originou dos Hemocentros de Porto Velho, do Estado de Rondônia e de Macapá, Estado do Amapá. Embora ainda não esteja claro se os indivíduos PAPs possam agir como reservatórios do parasito, a triagem eficiente de PAPs e de pacientes com malária em bancos de sangue no Brasil das áreas endêmicas necessita ser implementada. The transmission of malaria in Brazil is heterogeneous throughout endemic areas and the presence of asymptomatic Plasmodium sp. carriers (APCs) in the Brazilian Amazon has already been demonstrated. Malaria screening in blood banks is based on the selection of donors in respect to possible risks associated with travel or residence, clinical evidence and/or inaccurate diagnostic methods thereby increasing the probability of transfusion-transmitted infection. We evaluated the frequency of APCs in four blood services in distinct areas of the Brazilian Amazon region. DNA was obtained from 400 human blood samples for testing using the phenol-chloroform method followed by a nested-PCR protocol with species-specific primers. The positivity rate varied from 1 to 3% of blood donors from the four areas with an average of 2.3%. All positive individuals had mixed infections for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. No significant differences in the results were detected among these areas; the majority of cases originated from the transfusion centres of Porto Velho, Rondônia State and Macapá, Amapá State. Although it is still unclear whether APC individuals may act as reservoirs of the parasite, efficient screening of APCs and malaria patients in Brazilian blood services from endemic areas needs to be improved. Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias Fundação HEMERON Instituto de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amapá Fundação Centro de Hemoterapia e Hematologia do Pará Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Acre Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) Departamento de Biologia Molecular Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Biologia

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:18:43Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11-14 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:27:36Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:27:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11-14 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) AIM: To evaluate the association between polymorphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk for chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, in a Southeastern Brazilian population.METHODS: Genotyping by PCR-RFLP was carried out on 202 patients with chronic gastritis (CG) and 160 patients with gastric cancer (GC), matched to 202 (C1) and 150 (C2) controls, respectively.RESULTS: No differences were observed among the studied groups with regard to the genotype distribution of XRCC1 codons 194 and 399 and of XRCC3 codon 241. However, the combined analyses of the three variant alleles (194Trp, 399Gln and 241Met) showed an increased risk for chronic gastritis when compared to the GC group. Moreover, an interaction between the polymorphic alleles and demographic and environmental factors was observed in the CG and GC groups. XRCC1 194Trp was associated with smoking in the CG group, while the variant alleles XRCC1 399Gln and XRCC3 241Met were related with gender, smoking, drinking and H pylori infection in the CG and GC groups.CONCLUSION: Our results showed no evidence of a rela-tionship between the polymorphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer in the Brazilian population, but the combined effect of these variants may interact to increase the risk for chronic gastritis, considered a premalignant lesion. Our data also indicate a gene-environment interaction in the susceptibility to chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. (C) 2005 the WJG Press and Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. UNESP São Paulo State Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Sao Jose Rio Pret, SP, Brazil FAMERP Sao Jose do Rio Preto Sch Med, Microorganism Invest Ctr, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Hosp Base, FAMERP Sao Jose do Rio Preto Sch Med, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil Pio XII Fdn, Barretos, SP, Brazil UNESP São Paulo State Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Sao Jose Rio Pret, SP, Brazil

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:40Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:39:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-30444434764.pdf: 515225 bytes, checksum: f321bbb14fff38faaa2b70399f5b38b8 (MD5) Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:40Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:39:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-30444434764.pdf: 515225 bytes, checksum: f321bbb14fff38faaa2b70399f5b38b8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11-14 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-11-14 Aim: To evaluate the association between polymorphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk for chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, in a Southeastern Brazilian population. Methods: Genotyping by PCR-RFLP was carried out on 202 patients with chronic gastritis (CG) and 160 patients with gastric cancer (GC), matched to 202 (C1) and 150 (C2) controls, respectively. Results: No differences were observed among the studied groups with regard to the genotype distribution of XRCC1 codons 194 and 399 and of XRCC3 codon 241. However, the combined analyses of the three variant alleles (194Trp, 399Gln and 241Met) showed an increased risk for chronic gastritis when compared to the GC group. Moreover, an interaction between the polymorphic alleles and demographic and environmental factors was observed in the CG and GC groups. XRCC1 194Trp was associated with smoking in the CG group, while the variant alleles XRCC1 399Gln and XRCC3 241Met were related with gender, smoking, drinking and H pylori infection in the CG and GC groups. Conclusion: Our results showed no evidence of a rela-tionship between the polymorphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer in the Brazilian population, but the combined effect of these variants may interact to increase the risk for chronic gastritis, considered a premalignant lesion. Our data also indicate a gene-environment interaction in the susceptibility to chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. © 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. UNESP São Paulo State University Department of Biology, Rua Crisovao Colombo 2265, 5054-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto FAMERP São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine Microorganism Investigation Center, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP FAMERP São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine Hospital de Base, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, SP UNESP São Paulo State University Department of Biology, Rua Crisovao Colombo 2265, 5054-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:04Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:44:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-4444277920.pdf: 151636 bytes, checksum: 60dee9bf8efe4b2eed1cf752e78f10e0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-05-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Aim: To test the hypothesis that, in the Southeastern Brazilian population, the GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and putative risk factors are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. Methods: We conducted a study on 100 cases of gastric cancer (GC), 100 cases of chronic gastritis (CG), and 150 controls (C). Deletion of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was assessed by multiplex PCR. CYP2E1/PstI genotyping was performed using a PCR-RFLP assay. Results: No relationship between GSTT1/GSTM1 deletion and the c1/c2 genotype of CYP2E1 was observed among the three groups. However, a significant difference between CG and C was observed, due to a greater number of GSTT1/GSTM1 positive genotypes in the CG group. The GSTT1 null genotype occurred more frequently in Negroid subjects, and the GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasians, while the GSTM1 positive genotype was observed mainly in individuals with chronic gastritis infected with H pylori. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there is no obvious relationship between the GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer. Copyright © 2004 by The WJG Press. Departamento de Biologia UNESP Campus de São do Rio Preto, Rua Cristovão, Colombo 2265, 15054-000 - Sao Jose do Rio Preto Dept. de Doencas Dermatol. Infecc. Faculdade de Medicina FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP Hospital de Base Faculdade de Medicina FAMERP, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP Fundação Pio XII, Barretos Departamento de Biologia UNESP Campus de São do Rio Preto, Rua Cristovão, Colombo 2265, 15054-000 - Sao Jose do Rio Preto

AIM: To test the hypothesis that, in the Southeastern Brazilian population, the GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and putative risk factors are associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. METHODS: We conducted a study on 100 cases of gastric cancer (GC), 100 cases of chronic gastritis (CG), and 150 controls (C). Deletion of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was assessed by multiplex PCR. CYP2E1/PstI genotyping was performed using a PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS: No relationship between GSTT1/GSTM1 deletion and the c1/c2 genotype of CYP2E1 was observed among the three groups. However, a significant difference between CG and C was observed, due to a greater number of GSTT1/GSTM1 positive genotypes in the CG group. The GSTT1 null genotype occurred more frequently in Negroid subjects, and the GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasians, while the GSTM1 positive genotype was observed mainly in individuals with chronic gastritis infected with H. pylori. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that there is no obvious relationship between the GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer.

After a major increase in incidence between the 1970s and the 1990s, the Brazilian Amazon region now accounts for the most cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Americas. Polymorphism of 10 microsatellite loci in the P. falciparum genome was studied in 196 isolates obtained from 5 populations in the region. There was significant multilocus linkage disequilibrium, particularly within populations with lower proportions of mixed-genotype infections. However, most multilocus genotypes in different isolates were distinct, and there was no evidence of any recent epidemic expansion of particular clones. Genetic divergence between populations was very substantial but did not fit a simple model of isolation by distance. Thus, different foci of P. falciparum in Brazil are quite independent, with distinct population structures and minimal gene flow, a finding that has implications for strategies to control infection and to contain the spread of drug resistance at a regional level.

Although cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in whites, it is thought to be relatively rare or, alternatively, underdiagnosed in Latin America. In Brazil, different groups have shown a DF508 mutation frequency ranging from 30.7% to 50.8%. Such variation may be explained by the ethnic differences observed in this country, which is genetically very heterogeneous. We describe the molecular analysis for 32 mutations of the CFTR gene in nine unrelated patients with cystic fibrosis from Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The main observation of this study was the absence of 30 out of the 32 mutations in 12 alleles among these patients. Except for mutations DF508 and N1303K, no other mutation could be detected in any of the studied patients. In one of two alleles, a DF508 mutation was detected in four patients (22% of the total sample) and an N1303K mutation was detected in two patients (11% of the total sample). One patient was a compound heterozygote for DF508/N1303K. Although the sample studied here was small, it may be possible that our patients have infrequent alleles once these can occur at higher frequencies in selected populations and also show relevant regional differences. Additional investigations in a larger sample are currently in progress in our laboratory to confirm our results, and further studies are still needed to determine the frequencies of CF gene mutations in different regions and ethnic groups in the Brazilian population.

Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP) FAMERP, Lab Pesquisa Virol, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a Cryptosporidium immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Fecal samples were collected from 94 HIV-seropositive patients. All specimens were processed with a commercially-available ELISA to detect C. parvum specific coproantigen and with a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZNm) microscope exam. Overall, sensitivity of the immunoenzymatic test was 100%, with a specificity of 96%; positive and negative predictive values were 89% and 100%, respectively. The commercial ELISA and ZNm proved to be valuable diagnostic tools for Cryptosporidium infection.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:25:22Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:31:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84855452304.pdf: 229414 bytes, checksum: ea25b3e0865094e29f65eef7b07467d0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 We investigated the ABO genotypes and heterogeneity of the O alleles in Plasmodium falciparum-infected and non-infected individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region. Sample collection took place from May 2003 to August 2005, from P. falciparum malaria patients from four endemic regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The control group consisted of donors from four blood banks in the same areas. DNA was extracted using the Easy-DNA(TM) extraction kit. ABO genotyping was performed using PCR/RFLP. There was a high frequency of ABO*O01O01. ABO*AO01 was the second most frequent genotype, and the third most frequent genotype was ABO*BO01. There were low frequencies of the ABO*O01O02, ABO*AA, ABO*AB, ABO*BB, and ABO*O02O02 genotypes. We analyzed the alleles of the O phenotype; the O(1variant) allele was the most frequent, both in malaria and non-malaria groups; consequently, the homozygous genotype O(1)(v)O(1)(v) was the most frequently observed. There was no evidence of the homozygous O(2) allele. Significant differences were not detected in the frequency of individuals with the various alleles in the comparison of the malaria patients and the general population (blood donors).

Objective: In order to evaluate the potential zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis, isolates from humans and dogs in the Northwestern region of the São Paulo State, Brazil were characterized based on the β-giardin gene. Methods: The samples were analyzed by sequencing of the Nested-PCR products. Results: The A1 and A2 subgenotypes were detected in human and dogs. Cysts of assemblage B, C and D have not been found in any isolates studied. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the view that giardiasis in the largest endemic region of the Brazil should not be seen as a single entity. Keywords: Giardia duodenalis, beta giardin gene, genotypes, zoonosis, Brazil

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:02:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000253461100001.pdf: 320225 bytes, checksum: 79cd3fc7912611494a290ce14e98c923 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:02:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000253461100001.pdf: 320225 bytes, checksum: 79cd3fc7912611494a290ce14e98c923 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-19 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:19:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000253461100001.pdf: 320225 bytes, checksum: 79cd3fc7912611494a290ce14e98c923 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:19:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000253461100001.pdf: 320225 bytes, checksum: 79cd3fc7912611494a290ce14e98c923 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-19 Background: Duffy blood group polymorphisms are important in areas where Plasmodium vivax predominates, because this molecule acts as a receptor for this protozoan. In the present study, Duffy blood group genotyping in P. vivax malaria patients from four different Brazilian endemic areas is reported, exploring significant associations between blood group variants and susceptibility or resistance to malaria.Methods: the P. vivax identification was determined by non-genotypic and genotypic screening tests. The Duffy blood group was genotyped by PCR/RFLP in 330 blood donors and 312 malaria patients from four Brazilian Amazon areas. In order to assess the variables significance and to obtain independence among the proportions, the Fisher's exact test was used.Results: the data show a high frequency of the FYA/FYB genotype, followed by FYB/FYB, FYA/FYA, FYA/FYB-33 and FYB/FYB-33. Low frequencies were detected for the FYA/FY(X), FYB/FY(X), FYX/FY(X) and FYB-33/FYB-33 genotypes. Negative Duffy genotype (FYB-33/FYB-33) was found in both groups: individuals infected and non-infected (blood donors). No individual carried the FY(X)/FYB-33 genotype. Some of the Duffy genotypes frequencies showed significant differences between donors and malaria patients.Conclusion: the obtained data suggest that individuals with the FYA/FYB genotype have higher susceptibility to malaria. The presence of the FYB-33 allele may be a selective advantage in the population, reducing the rate of infection by P. vivax in this region. Additional efforts may contribute to better elucidate the physiopathologic differences in this parasite/host relationship in regions endemic for P. vivax malaria, in particular the Brazilian Amazon region. Ctr Invest Microorganismos, Fac Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, BR-15090000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil Fac Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, Imunogenet Lab, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil SEAMA Fac, Macapa, Amapa State, Brazil Evandro Chagas Inst, Malaria Program, Belem, Para, Brazil UNESP, IBILCE, Hemoglobin Dis Lab, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil UNESP, IBILCE, Hemoglobin Dis Lab, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil