11 results on '"Greco, Dirceu"'
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2. Democracy Restoration in Brazil, the Constitutional Guarantee of Health as a Right for All, Giving Rise to a Universal Health System (SUS) and of a National Research Ethics Commission
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Greco, Dirceu, Galvão-Castro, Bernardo, Kurihara, Chieko, editor, Greco, Dirceu, editor, and Dhai, Ames, editor
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- 2023
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3. Reaching Out to Adolescents at High Risk of HIV Infection in Brazil: Demand Creation Strategies for PrEP and Other HIV Combination Prevention Methods
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Magno, Laio, Soares, Fabiane, Zucchi, Eliana Miura, Eustórgio, Marcos, Grangeiro, Alexandre, Ferraz, Dulce, Greco, Dirceu, Escuder, Maria Mercedes, and Dourado, Ines
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- 2023
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4. Noncompliance with Therapeutic Guidelines for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Scarponi, Cristiane Faria Oliveira, Pedrosa, Marco Antônio Ferreira, Mol, Marcos Paulo Gomes, and Greco, Dirceu Bartolomeu
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HEALTH facilities ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL practice ,VIRAL replication ,DISEASE progression - Abstract
Standardized treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are crucial in suppressing viral replication, disease progression and the development of complications. However, information on routine compliance with such therapeutic recommendations in medical practice is rare. Aim: To evaluate the application of Brazilian therapeutic guidelines for CHB within the scope of the Unified Health System in Minas Gerais state. Four key recommendations from the national guidelines were compared with data from treated patients: (i) eligibility to start treatment; (ii) type of treatment applied; (iii) rescue antiviral therapy; and (iv) monitoring of virological response. Most physicians (69.8%) declared to adopt these guidelines, while 10 of them were unaware. However, according to the criteria established by the guidelines, only 39.5% of treated patients should have been considered "truly" eligible to start treatment and only 67.6% of these underwent the recommended pharmacological treatment. The virological response was laboratory monitored in just over a third of patients. Rescue therapy was adequately supplanted in 41.2% of patients previously treated with lamivudine. There was low compliance with national guidelines by public service physicians in Brazil, highlighting the need to raise awareness of the importance of its adherence to expand the control of CHB. Thus, increasing the adherence of health professionals to this tool is a current challenge for health institutions and managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. HIV/Aids and COVID-19 in Brazil: in four decades, two antithetical approaches to face serious pandemics
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Galvão-Castro, Bernardo, Grassi, Maria Fernanda Rios, Castilho, Euclides Ayres de, and Greco, Dirceu Bartolomeu
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pandemic ,HIV/AIDS ,Covid-19 ,Brazil - Abstract
In the space of four decades, Brazil has faced two serious pandemics: human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The country’s response to HIV/AIDS was coordinated by several stakeholders and recognised the importance of scientific evidence in guiding decision-making, and a network offering monitoring and antiretroviral treatment was provided through coordinated efforts by the country’s universal health system. Conversely, the lack of a centrally coordinated strategy and misalignment between government ministries regarding the COVID-19 pandemic response, together with the denial of scientific evidence, promotion of ineffective treatments and insufficient vaccination efforts, have all led to the uncontrolled spread of infection, the near-total collapse of the health system and excess deaths.
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- 2021
6. Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence in homosexual and bisexual men screened for admission to a cohort study of HIV negatives in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Project Horizonte
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Carneiro Mariângela, Cardoso Fabíola Adriane, Greco Marília, Oliveira Edson, Andrade Júlio, Greco Dirceu Bartolomeu, and Antunes Carlos Maurício de Figueiredo
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human immunodeficiency virus prevalence ,risk factors ,homosexual and bisexual men ,open cohort ,Minas Gerais ,Brazil ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Project Horizonte, an open cohort of homosexual and bisexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) negative men, is a component of the AIDS Vaccine Program, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The objective of this study was to compare volunteers testing HIV positive at cohort entry with a sample of those who tested HIV negative in order to identify risk factors for prevalent HIV infection, in a population being screened for enrollment at Project Horizonte. A nested case-control study was conducted. HIV positive volunteers at entry (cases) were matched by age and admission date to three HIV negative controls each. Selected variables used for the current analysis included demographic factors, sexual behavior and other risk factors for HIV infection. During the study period (1994-2001), among the 621 volunteers screened, 61 tested positive for HIV. Cases were matched to 183 HIV negative control subjects. After adjustments, the main risk factors associated with HIV infection were unprotected sex with an occasional partners, OR = 3.7 (CI 95% 1.3-10.6), receptive anal intercourse with an occasional partner, OR = 2.8 (95% CI 0.9-8.9) and belonging to the negro racial group, OR = 3.4 (CI 95% 1.1-11.9). These variables were associated with an increase in the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men at the screening for admission to an open HIV negative cohort.
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- 2003
7. Trinta anos de enfrentamento à epidemia da Aids no Brasil, 1985-2015
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Greco, Dirceu Bartolomeu
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Brasil ,Enfrentamento da Aids ,Perspectivas ,AIDS confrontation ,Brazil ,Perspectives - Abstract
Resumo A resposta brasileira à Aids foi iniciada em 1985, quando o estado brasileiro, a sociedade civil e a academia se associaram com objetivos comuns. Esta se fortaleceu com a criação do SUS em 1988, imprescindível para implementar o programa nacional de Controle das DST/AIDS, baseado nos direitos humanos, visando equidade, inclusão, integralidade e contra o preconceito e a discriminação. O Brasil foi dos primeiros a disponibilizar, já em 1996, na saúde pública, tratamento adequado para todas as PVHA. O artigo descreve os êxitos e os indesculpáveis retrocessos destes 30 primeiros anos e as perspectivas para o controle e eventual eliminação da aids. Pode-se afirmar que há condições para eliminar o preconceito, a discriminação e diminuir a disparidade, pano de fundo para a disseminação da AIDS e de outras epidemias. Estão disponíveis instrumentos para tratar adequadamente as PVHA, para eliminar a transmissão do HIV e proteger os direitos de todos. Entretanto, para que isso aconteça, é necessária a ampliação do acesso à educação, incluindo educação sexual, e cuidados de saúde de qualidade. Necessário ainda o enfrentamento diuturno do conservadorismo e de toda violência e discriminação contra pessoas em risco ou vivendo com HIV. A experiência brasileira nestes 30 anos é inestimável alavanca para alcançar o fim da epidemia. Abstract The Brazilian response to AIDS started in 1985, with government, civil society and academic community coming together with common goals. This was strengthened with the establishment in 1988 of an universal public health system (SUS), pivotal to a comprehensive and human rights-based national STD/AIDS programme, aiming at achieving equality, integrality, inclusion and fighting prejudice and discrimination. In 1996 Brazil was a pioneer in providing treatment free-of-charge to all PLHA. This article depicts achievements and setbacks that occurred in these 30 years and the perspectives for controlling and eventually eliminating HIV/AIDS. It is fair to affirm that it is possible to defeat prejudice and discrimination and to confront the unacceptable levels of disparity, fertile ground for dissemination of HIV/AIDS and other epidemics. Tools to eliminate transmission, to adequately treat PLHA, to protect their rights, to eliminate discrimination and to end AIDS are already at hand. However, the needed changes for this to happen involve expansion of access to education, including sexual education and to quality public health care to all. It is also necessary to constant confront conservatism and to combat violence and discrimination. Brazil’s track record in the confrontation of AIDS is an invaluable asset to achieve these goals.
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- 2016
8. Diferenças nas situações de risco para HIV de homens bissexuais em suas relações com homens e mulheres
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Greco, Marília, Silva, Ana P., Merchán-Hamann, Edgar, Jeronymo, Mauro L., Andrade, Julio C., and Greco, Dirceu B.
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Síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida ,Brasil ,Homosexuality, male ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ,Estudos transversais ,Bissexualidade ,Homossexualidade masculina ,Contraception behavior ,Sexual partners ,Cross-sectional studies ,Bisexuality ,Infecções por HIV ,Parceiros sexuais ,Brazil ,HIV infections - Abstract
OBJETIVO: Descrever o comportamento bissexual masculino quanto à identidade sexual, uso de preservativo, freqüência de relações sexuais e tipos de parceria e verificar diferenças entre práticas protegidas nas suas relações com homens e mulheres. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal aninhado em coorte de homossexuais e bissexuais HIV negativos implantada em 1994 em Belo Horizonte (Projeto Horizonte). Dos 1.025 voluntários recrutados entre 1994 e 2005, foram selecionados 195 que relataram, na admissão, ter tido relações sexuais com homens e mulheres nos seis meses anteriores à entrevista. Foi criado índice de risco comportamental, designado Índice de Risco Horizonte, que incorpora uma constante para cada prática sexual não protegida, ajustada segundo o número de encontros sexuais. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio de atividade sexual com homens; a maioria se auto-referiu como bissexual (55%) e homossexual (26%). A mediana do número de parceiros homens ocasionais nos últimos seis meses (4) foi superior ao de parceiras ocasionais (2) e de parceiros fixos de ambos os sexos (1). No sexo vaginal com parceira fixa, o uso inconsistente do preservativo foi de 55%, comparado com 35% e 55% no sexo anal insertivo e receptivo com parceiros fixos. O índice foi maior para os que relataram terem tido sexo com homens e mulheres comparado com os que tiveram sexo exclusivamente com mulheres ou homens. CONCLUSÕES: As situações de risco para HIV foram mais freqüentes entre os homens que relataram atividade sexual com homens e mulheres. Os comportamentos sexuais e de proteção dos bissexuais diferem conforme gênero e estabilidade da parceria, havendo maior desproteção com parceiras fixas mulheres. OBJECTIVE: To describe bisexual men's behavior in terms of sexual identity, condom use, frequency of sexual intercourse and types of partners and to determine rates of inconsistent condom according to partner's gender. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men in the city of Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil, followed up since 1994 (Horizonte Project). Of 1,025 subjects enrolled between 1994 and 2005, 195 volunteers who reported at admission having sexual relations with men and women during the previous six months were selected. A behavioral risk index, called Horizonte Risk Index, was estimated. It incorporates a constant assigned to each type of unprotected sexual act, adjusted for the number of sexual encounters. RESULTS: Sexual activity with men predominated; most considered themselves as bisexual (55%) and homosexual (26%). During the six months prior to the study, median number of casual male partners (4) was higher than both casual female partners (2) and steady male or female partners (1). During vaginal sex with a steady partner, the rate of inconsistent condom use was 55%, compared to 35% and 55% in anal insertive and anal receptive sex, respectively, with steady male partners. The index was higher for those having sex with men and women compared to those having sex either exclusively with women or men (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: HIV risk behavior was more frequent among men who reported sexual activity both with men and women. Bisexual men display different sexual and protective behavior according to gender and steadiness of relationships, and female steady partners had more unprotected encounters.
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- 2007
9. High frequency of asymptomatic Leishmania spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil
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Orsini, Marcela, Canela, João R., Disch, J., Maciel, F., Greco, Dirceu, Toledo, Antonio, and Rabello, Ana
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LEISHMANIA ,HIV-positive persons ,VISCERAL leishmaniasis ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,FLUORESCENT antibody technique ,HIGHLY active antiretroviral therapy - Abstract
Abstract: This study aims at estimating the prevalence of Leishmania infection among HIV-infected patients through the use of non-invasive tests. The study was conducted in three Infectious Diseases Services in two large Brazilian cities, both endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis. Three hundred and eighty-one asymptomatic patients were enrolled whose ages ranged from 19 to 58 years old; 63.5% were men; mean TCD4+ was 380 cells/μl; and mean viral load was 153800 copies/ml. All individuals were tested for Leishmania infection through: ELISA using crude Leishmania infantum (ELISA), ELISA using the recombinant K39 antigen (rK39), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and PCR targeted to kDNA region. The tests’ positivity were: 10.8% (ELISA), 3.9% (IFAT), 0.8% (rK39), 6.3% PCR and 20.2% (overall, at least one positive test), with no statistical correlation between positivity and clinical and laboratorial variables. Concordance among tests was low (Kappa <0.20). Prevalence of Leishmania asymptomatic infection was high in this population, reinforcing the need for attention in the evaluation of HIV patients from endemic areas. New efforts are needed to develop more specific and sensitive tests to diagnose Leishmania asymptomatic infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) seems to have a protective role against disease progression in co-infected individuals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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10. Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C in southern Brazil
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Silveira, Jussara, Santos, André F., Martínez, Ana M.B., Góes, Lívia R., Mendoza-Sassi, Raul, Muniz, Claudia P., Tupinambás, Unaí, Soares, Marcelo A., and Greco, Dirceu B.
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HIV , *HIV infection transmission , *DEMOGRAPHIC surveys , *HETEROSEXUALS , *REVERSE transcriptase - Abstract
Abstract: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B predominates in Brazil, but in the southern region subtype C is the most frequent, followed by subtypes B, F1 and recombinant forms. In southern Brazil, these subtypes co-circulate in subjects with homogeneous demographic and clinical features, enabling a better understanding of the role of HIV-1 subtypes on the characteristics of infection. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of different HIV-1 subtypes in subjects with recent diagnosis for HIV infection in the extreme south of Brazil, and to study their association with demographic, behavioral, clinical and laboratorial characteristics. Study design: We have determined the genetic sequence of viral protease and reverse transcriptase (polymerase, connection and RNase H domains) isolated from studied subjects. Viral subtype was inferred by comparison with reference HIV sequences, and recombination was determined with Simplot analysis. The association of HIV-1 subtypes with studied characteristics was evaluated by chi-square, Fisher''s exact, Student''s t and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Two hundred and forty-five HIV isolates were molecularly characterized, and the association with variables was studied for 233 (95.1%) patients. Of those, 46.8% followed AIDS defining criteria. HIV-1C was responsible for 56.3% of infections, and was associated with heterosexual transmission (p =0.001) and with higher CD4+ T-cell counts (p =0.02). Conclusions: The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in the southernmost Brazil is currently steady with predominance of HIV-1C. This is the first study showing a robust association of the infection by this subtype and heterosexual transmission in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2012
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11. Primary HIV-1 drug resistance in the C-terminal domains of viral reverse transcriptase among drug-naïve patients from Southern Brazil
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Santos, André F., Silveira, Jussara, Muniz, Cláudia P., Tornatore, Michele, Góes, Lívia R., Mendoza-Sassi, Raul A., Martinez, Ana M.B., Tupinambás, Unaí, Greco, Dirceu B., and Soares, Marcelo A.
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REVERSE transcriptase , *HIV , *GENETIC mutation , *PROTEOLYTIC enzymes , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *GENETIC polymorphisms - Abstract
Abstract: Background: Major and accessory drug resistance mutations have been recently characterized in the C-terminal RT subdomains of HIV-1, connection and RNase H. However, their presence in treatment-naïve patients infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes remains largely unknown. Objectives: To characterize the patterns of primary resistance at the C-terminal RT subdomains of HIV-1 infecting subjects in the southern region of Brazil, where HIV-1 subtypes B and C co-circulate. Study design: Plasma viral RNA was extracted from patients recently diagnosed for HIV infection (2005–2008). The protease and reverse transcriptase regions were PCR-amplified and sequenced. Infecting HIV subtypes were assigned by phylogenetic inference and drug resistance mutations were determined following the IAS consensus and recent reports on C-terminal RT mutations. Results: The major mutation to NNRTI T369I/V was found in 1.8% of patients, while A376S was present in another 8.3%. In the RNase H domain, the compensatory mutation D488E was more frequently observed in subtype C than in subtype B (p =0.038), while the inverse was observed for mutation Q547K (p <0.001). The calculated codon genetic barrier showed that 22% of subtype B isolates, but no subtype C, carried T360, requiring two transitions to change into the resistance mutation 360V. Conclusions: Major resistance-conferring mutations to NNRTI were detected in 10% of RT connection domain viral sequences from treatment-naïve subjects. We showed for the first time that the presence of specific polymorphisms can constrain the acquisition of definite resistance mutations in the connection and RNase H subdomains of HIV-1 RT. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
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