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South Asian farmers are turning to mechanized planting, crop stubble retention, and herbicide application to address the current labor shortage situation. The purpose of this on-farm study was to compare conventional plow tillage combined with manual weeding to single-pass tillage combined with herbicides on the overall weed control efficacy and seed yield ofrapeseed(Brassica napus L.) under northern Bangladesh conditions. During 2014–2016, the rapeseed variety ‘BARI Mustard-14’ was grown under two different tillage systems, plow tillage and single-pass tillage with zero-stubble and 50% standing stubbles of previously grown monsoon rice. The plow tillage was conducted using a two-wheel, while the single-pass tillage was performed using a versatile multi-crop planter. In plow tillage, weeds were managed by hand on three dates. In single-pass tillage, a pre-plant herbicide (glyphosate), pre-emergence herbicide (pendimethalin), and post-emergence herbicide (isoproturon) were applied for weed control. Data revealed that the combination of single-pass tillage and herbicides with 50% rice stubbles resulted in the highest weed control efficacy. Additionally, this practice resulted in a 20% yield increase and a 70% increase in benefit-cost ratio compared with plow tillage and hand weedings combination without keeping any rice stubbles in the field.