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Bosmina fatalis (Baird, 1864) Materials examined. Philippines: Luzon: Manila: Kalayaan Creek (14.6900° N, 120.9366° E), coll. DRA Dela Cruz, GAA Viernes, JF Wong, ESP Dela Paz and ML Lopez, June 2016 (UST-ZRC 0097–0098, 2 spec.). Estero de la Reina (14.6011° N, 120.9763° E), coll. DRA Dela Cruz, GAA Viernes, JF Wong, ESP Dela Paz and ML Lopez, June 2016 (UST-ZRC 0099A–0099F, 4 spec.). Marikina River (14.6342° N, 121.0936° E), coll. DRA Dela Cruz, GAA Viernes, JF Wong, ESP Dela Paz and ML Lopez, June 2016 (UST-ZRC 0100A–B, 2 spec.). Short description. The head is large and rectangular in shape, with no clear demarcation between the head and body along the dorsal surface. Head shield is present. The eye is small near the rostrum. The long rostrum is fused with the immobile antennules, with a slight concavity between the 2 parts. The antennules have a characteristic pointed projection along the midline. The postabdominal claw is almost straight with 6 spines and the distal part finely ciliated. Morphological characteristics concur with the descriptions and illustrations of Fernando (1992) and Pascual et al. (2014). Ecological distribution. Bosmina fatalis is widely distributed in lakes, rivers, creeks, and reservoirs. This species is a primary grazer in the freshwater habitats and has a good defensive mechanism (akinesis) against its predator which allows them to live in the pelagic zone despite of its small body size (Rizo et al. 2017)., Published as part of Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Lopez, Mark Louie D., David, Christian Irvin Harvey A., Dela Cruz, Dave Ryan A., Viernes, Gian Alfonso A., Wong, Jac Fritgerald & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2018, Freshwater microcrustaceans (Cladocera: Anomopoda and Ctenopoda, Copepoda: Cyclopoida and Calanoida) in the highly urbanized Metropolitan Manila area (Luzon, Philippines), pp. 751-762 in Check List 14 (5) on page 753, DOI: 10.15560/14.5.751, {"references":["Pascual JAF, Rizo EZC, Han B, Dumont HJ, Papa RDS (2014) Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771 - 794.","Rizo EZC, Gu Y, Papa RDS, Dumont HJ, Han B (2017) Identifying functional groups and ecological roles of tropical ad subtropical freshwater Cladocera in Asia. Hydrobiologia 799 (1): 83 - 99. https // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 017 - 3199 - y"]}

Family Ilyocryptidae Smirnov, 1992 Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882 Synonyms in Philippine literature: Ilycryptus longiremis Sars, 1888 and Ilyocryptus verrucosus Daday, 1905. Philippine records: Mamaril, 1986, 2001. General geographic distribution: This is a common species distributed from North and South America, South Asia and Australia. Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Batangas –Nasugbu; Bulacan –Bustos Dam and Malolos; Cagayan –Buguey; National Capital Region–La Mesa Dam, Marikina, and UP Diliman Campus; Manila-Laguna-Rizal: Laguna de Bay; Nueva Ecija –Pantabangan Dam. Negros: Negros Occidental – Bacolod; Negros Oriental –Sibulan. Mindanao: Agusan del Norte –Lake Mainit; Lanao del Sur –Lake Lanao. Remarks. It is the dominant species of Family Ilyocryptidae in most freshwater bodies of the tropics and subtropics (Jeong et al., 2012; Kotov & Sanoamuang, 2005). It is usually associated with large tropical lakes with a good coverage of vegetation (Kotov & Stifter, 2006). Philippine population needs to be compared with others to determine morphological differences among population and identify probable sibling species (Frey, 1982; Kotov & Elías-Gutiérrez, 2009; Kotov & Sanoamuang, 2004)., Published as part of Lopez, Mark Louie D., Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Tordesillas, Dino T., Guinto, Shea Kathleen, Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Mamaril, Augustus C., Sr & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2017, Annot ated checklist and insular distribution of f reshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Calanoida & Cyclopoida; Cladocera: Anomopoda & Ctenopoda) in the Philippines, pp. 623-654 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65 on page 637, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5358372, {"references":["Smirnov NN (1992) The Macrothricidae of the World. The Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing, 143 pp.","Herrick CL (1882) Notes on some Minnesota Cladocera. Annual Report - Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, 10: 235 - 252.","Sars GO (1888) Additional notes on Australian Cladocera raised from dried mud. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Kristiania. Christiania, 1 - 74.","Daday E (1905) Untersuchungen uber die Susswasser-Mikrofauna Paraguays. Zoologica, Stuttgart, 18 (44): 1 - 374.","Mamaril AC (1986) Zooplankton (Vol. VII). In: Zamora PM & Co L (eds) Guide to Philippine Flora and Fauna. Quezon City: Natural Resources Management Center and University of the Philippines Diliman. 268 pp.","Mamaril Sr AC (2001) Zooplankton diversity in Philippine lakes. In: Santiago CB, Cuvin-Aralar ML & Basiao ZU (eds.) Conservation and Ecological Management of Philippine Lakes in Relation to Fisheries and Aquaculture. Quezon City: Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center and Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. Pp. 81 - 93.","Jeong HG, Kotov AA & Lee W (2012) A new species of the genus Ilyocryptus Sars, 1862 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Ilyocryptidae) from the East Asian Palaearctic. Zootaxa, 3475: 36 - 44.","Kotov AA & Sanoamuang L (2005) Notes on the genus Ilyocryptus Sars, 1862 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Ilyocryptidae). Ilyocryptus isanensis sp. n. from North-East Thailand. Arthropoda Selecta, 14: 229 - 239.","Kotov AA & Stifter P (2006) CLADOCERA: Family llyocryptidae (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda). The Netherlands: Backhuys Publishers, 172 pp.","Frey DG (1982) Questions concerning cosmopolitanism in Cladocera. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 93: 484 - 502.","Kotov AA & Elias-Gutierrez M (2009) A Phylogenetic Analysis of Ilyocryptus SARS, 1862 (Cladocera: Ilyocryptidae). International Review of Hydrobiology, 94: 208 - 225.","Kotov AA & Sanoamuang L (2004) Ilyocryptus thailandensis sp. nov. (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Ilyocryptidae) from North Thailand. International Review of Hydrobiology, 89: 206 - 214."]}

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Moina micrura Kurz, 1875 Specimen examined. 11 adult parthenogenic female specimens from Lake Taal, Lake Sampaloc, and Candaba Swamp were examined and stored in University of Santo Tomas Zooplankton Reference Collection (UST-ZRC) with reference numbers 0072–0081, and 0093. Description. Moinidae is composed of only two genera: Moina and Moinodaphnia. Moina are found from temporary freshwater pools to brackish and saline lakes. Moina micrura are one of the smallest species in Family Moinidae. Mean length in all specimen examined is 1.1 mm. The head is evidently characterised by a well-developed supraocular depression and a large eye (Fig. 19A). The antennules of M. micrura are situated in a knob-liked position just behind the eye with two sensory setae in each located one-third to one-half the distance from the head. The sensory papillae are long and distinguishable. A distinct groove located behind the second antennae separates the head and the body. The exopod is composed of four-segmented ramus which contains heavy setation that extends from second to the fourth segment. Two short sensory setae are evident in the second antennae as shown in Fig. 19E. The P1 has reduced its filtering functions but have fewer setae compared to other sidids (Fig. 19D). Carapace is round and surrounded by 37–40 setae in the shell margin.The postabdomen is short and slender. The distal conical portion composes one-fourth of the total length. A sharp postabdominal claw contains three to eleven feathered teeth (Fig. 19C). The number of teeth varies on the body size of the specimen. Its dorsal margin is characterised by having several numbers of setae extend up to the sharp part of the claw. There is also a long bident tooth present located at the base of the feathered teeth. The long and sharply curved postabdominal claw contains four to seven sharp teeth that are also called “basaldorn” that extends towards the distal end (Goulden, 1968). Distribution. Ilocos Norte: Lake Paoay; Cagayan: Lake Nagatutuan; Benguet: Ambuklao Dam; Pangasinan: Fish Pond in Burgos; Tarlac: Lake Tambo; Nueva Ecija: Pantabangan Dam; Zambales: Lake Mapanuepe; Pampanga: Candaba swamp; National Capital Region (NCR): Pasig River, Marikina River; Laguna: Lake Bunot, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Sampaloc, Lake Pandin, Lake Kalibato, Lake Tadlak, Lake Caliraya, Lake Lumot-Mahipon, Laguna De Bay; Batangas: Taal Lake; Camarines Sur: Lake Buhi; Oriental Mindoro: Lake Naujan; Misamis Oriental: Lake Gumaod; South Cotabato: Lake Siloton, Lake Lahit, Lake Sebu (Fig. 18) Remarks. M. micrura can be distinguished from other Moinids based from its small size and by the complete absence of hairs on both the head and shell. The species is reported in the Palearctic region and also from the tropics and subtropics of America, Australia (2002) as well as in Africa and Europe (Goulden, 1968). Goulden (1968) also confirmed its presence in the Far East and Southeast Asia specifically in India, Indonesia and Taiwan. The species is mostly found in temporary water bodies but is also common in large plankton of large freshwater lakes (Fernando, 2002; Goulden, 1968)., Published as part of Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J. & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2014, Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters, pp. 771-794 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62 on page 781, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221, {"references":["Kurz W (1875) Dodekas neuer Cladocera nebst Ubersicht der Cladocerenfauna Bohmens. Sitzungberichte / Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 70: 1 - 88.","Goulden C (1968) The Systematics and Evolution of the Moinidae. American Philosophical Society, 58: 5 - 101.","Fernando CH (2002) A Guide to Tropical Freshwater Zooplankton Identification, Ecology and Impact on Fisheries. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 291 pp."]}

Moinodaphnia macleayi King, 1853 Specimen examined. Two specimens were examined and stored in UST-ZRC with reference number 0082 and 0133 collected from Lake Calig and a temporary pool in Asibanglan, Pinukpuk, Kalinga. Description. The body length ranges in 0.9–1.3 mm. The head is sub-triangular in shape. The large eye fills the tip of the head with an ocellus present below the eye and is located above the origin point of the antennules (Fig. 21D). Supraocular depression is not present in Moinodaphnia macleayi. The antennules are long and thin, lack the vertical row of long hairs, and are ornamented only with horizontal rows of short setae. The distal end of the antennule has nine sensory papillae. One segment of the second antennae, the basiopod has two sensory setae which originate from the distal end of the rami (Fig. 12B). One of the four swimming seta has been reduced in size for genus Moina but remains its longer size in Moinodapnia. The valves of the carapace joined together in the mid-line of the body axis and have a row of small setae. The postabdomen is similar to the genus Moina containing 10–11 feathered teeth and one long bident tooth on the lateral side with pattern of fine setae in the dorsal margin. (Fig. 21C).The claw lacks a pecten but with a row of fine short hairs. Distribution. Cagayan: Lake Calig; Kalinga: Temporary pool in Asibanglan, Pinukpuk (Fig. 18). Remarks. Moinodaphnia has a different distribution and habitat from that of Moina. It prefers to be in small temporary ponds, small lakes, swamps and pools. The species lives near the mud or in the weeds where it filters the water surrounding the weeds. It is distributed throughout the humid tropics specifically in Africa, Australia, South America, Caribbean Islands, Philippines and India (Fernando, 2002)., Published as part of Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J. & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2014, Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters, pp. 771-794 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62 on page 782, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221, {"references":["King RL (1853) On Australian Entomostracans. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of van Diemen's Land, 2: 253 - 263.","Fernando CH (2002) A Guide to Tropical Freshwater Zooplankton Identification, Ecology and Impact on Fisheries. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 291 pp."]}

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Bosmina fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 Specimen examined. 12 samples from Lake Taal, Lake Buhi, Laguna de Bay, Lake Lumot-Mahipon and Pantabangan Dam were examined and stored in UST-ZRC with reference numbers 0083–0089, 0094A–0095A and 00134–00136. Description. Body length ranges in 0.4–0.6 mm. Bosmina fatalis has a long rostrum fused with antennules of variable length and shape (Fig. 3B). B. fatalis in the study has an oval shaped front head pore situated at the midpoint between the two frontal setae that conforms to the description of (Fig. 4D) that conforms to the description of Kořínek et al. (1997). A small and round median head pore (MHP) is also located on the dorsal surface of the head which is connected to the cord-like structure that is suggested to be a supraeosophageal ganglion (Kořínek et al., 1997). Long mucro situated at the distal end of the carapace. Setules are observed in the postabdomen with a slightly convex ventral margin and an anal opening at the lateral aspect. The postabdominal claw consists of a row of 6–8 teeth with minute spines continuing ventrally (Fig. 3C). Distribution. Cagayan: Lake Bangalau, Benguet: Ambuklao dam; Nueva Ecija: Pantabangan dam; Tarlac: Lake Tambo; National Capital Region (NCR): Pasig River, Marikina River; Laguna: Lake Palakpakin, Lake Kalibato, Lake Yambo, Lake Tadlak, Lake Caliraya, Lake Lumot-Mahipon; Batangas: Lake Taal; Camarines Sur: Lake Buhi, Lake Bato; Sorsogon: Lake Bulusan; Oriental Mindoro: Lake Naujan; Negros Oriental: Lake Danao, Lake Kabalin-an; Lanao del Norte: Agus IV Dam; Agusan Del Norte: Lake Mainit; South Cotabato: Lake Lahit, Lake Siloton, Lake Sebu; Lanao del Sur: Lake Lanao (Fig. 2). Remarks. B. fatalis collected in the Philippines were compared to the same species sampled in Taihu Lake, China (type locality). The species is reported in East Asian lakes and reservoirs. B. fatalis can also be found from the temperate zone in the north to the subtropical and tropical areas (Japan, Philippines, China and Indonesia) (Fernando, 2002)., Published as part of Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J. & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2014, Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters, pp. 771-794 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62 on pages 773-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221, {"references":["Burckhardt G (1924) Wissenschaftlishe Ergebnisse einer Reise um die Erde von M. Pernod und C. Schroter. III. Zooplankton aus ost und sud-asiatischen Binnengewassern. Zeitschrift fur Hydrobiologie, 2: 217 - 242.","Korinek V, Sacherova V & Havel L (1997) Subgeneric differences in head shield and ephippia ultrastructure within the genus Bosmina Baird (Crustacea, Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 360: 13 - 23.","Fernando CH (2002) A Guide to Tropical Freshwater Zooplankton Identification, Ecology and Impact on Fisheries. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 291 pp."]}