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An encyclopedia entry for "induced seizures" is presented. Seizures can be induced, precipitated, triggered or provoked by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Seizure induction may be immediate, like during intermittent photic stimulation in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Induction of seizures has also been used as a tool in diagnosing psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES).

An encyclopedia entry for "grand mal (GM) seizure" or "tonic clonic seizure" is presented. It occurs in several epileptic syndromes, in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs), EGEs and epilepsies of uncertain localization.The general characteristics of IGEs presenting with generalized tonic clonic (GTC) seizures are cited, including increased incidence of an IGE in a family member and seizure triggred by sleep deprivation, excess alcohol intake, fatigue, menses, or photic stimuli.

An encyclopedia entry for "gyratory seizures" is presented. It is a rare form of epilepsy which is consists of turning of the entire body in the vertical axis for 180 ° centigrade or more, occasionally in a ballet-like manner at the start of the seizure. The disorder is also known as circular, rotatory, or volvular seizures.

An encyclopedia entry for "clonic-tonic-clonic seizures" is presented. They refer to primary generalized seizures beginning with massive bilateral myoclonic jerks occurring at seizure onset. They are usually seen in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. A misdiagnosis of focal epilepsy in patients with clonic-tonic-clonic seizures and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy may be caused by asymmetric or unilateral jerks.