1. Antidepressant-like effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and sildenafil against lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice.
- Author
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Tomaz VS, Cordeiro RC, Costa AM, de Lucena DF, Nobre Júnior HV, de Sousa FC, Vasconcelos SM, Vale ML, Quevedo J, and Macêdo D
- Subjects
- Animals, Arginine pharmacology, Behavior, Animal physiology, Brain metabolism, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor metabolism, Cyclic GMP metabolism, Depressive Disorder metabolism, Depressive Disorder prevention & control, Disease Models, Animal, Guanidines pharmacology, Imipramine pharmacology, Interleukin-1beta metabolism, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Mice, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester pharmacology, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Nitric Oxide Synthase antagonists & inhibitors, Nitric Oxide Synthase metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Oxidative Stress physiology, Purines pharmacology, Signal Transduction drug effects, Signal Transduction physiology, Sildenafil Citrate, Antidepressive Agents pharmacology, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Brain drug effects, Depressive Disorder drug therapy, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Piperazines pharmacology, Sulfones pharmacology
- Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress underlie depression being assessed in rodents by the systemic administration of lipopolysacharide (LPS). There is an increasing body of evidence of an involvement of nitric oxide (NO) pathway in depression, but this issue was not investigated in LPS-induced model. Thus, herein we evaluated the effects of NO-pathway-modulating drugs, named aminoguanidine, l-NAME, sildenafil and l-arginine, on the behavioral (forced swimming test [FST], sucrose preference [SPT] and prepulse inhibition [PPI] of the startle) and neurochemical (glutathione [GSH], lipid peroxidation, IL-1β) alterations in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum as well as in BDNF levels in the hippocampus 24h after LPS (0.5mg/kg, i.p.) administration, a time-point related to depressive-like behavior. Twenty-four hours post LPS there was an increase in immobility time in the FST, decrease in sucrose preference and PPI levels accompanied by a decrease in GSH levels and an increase in lipid peroxidation, IL-1β and hippocampal BDNF levels suggestive of a depressive-like state. The pretreatment with the NOS inhibitors, l-NAME and aminoguanidine as well as sildenafil prevented the behavioral and neurochemical alterations induced by LPS, although sildenafil and l-NAME were not able to prevent the increase in hippocampal BDNF levels induced by LPS. The iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine, and imipramine prevented all behavioral and neurochemical alterations induced by LPS. l-arginine did not prevent the alterations in immobility time, sucrose preference and GSH induced by LPS. Taken together our results show that the NO-cGMP pathway is important in the modulation of the depressive-like alterations induced by LPS., (Copyright © 2014 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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