1. Vulnerability to addiction.
- Author
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Maldonado R, Calvé P, García-Blanco A, Domingo-Rodriguez L, Senabre E, and Martín-García E
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Addictive diagnosis, Behavior, Addictive metabolism, Brain drug effects, Brain metabolism, Calcium Signaling drug effects, Calcium Signaling physiology, Disease Susceptibility diagnosis, Disease Susceptibility metabolism, Electroencephalography drug effects, Electroencephalography methods, Electrophysiological Phenomena drug effects, Electrophysiological Phenomena physiology, Humans, Illicit Drugs adverse effects, Nerve Net drug effects, Nerve Net metabolism, Piperazines metabolism, Behavior, Addictive physiopathology, Brain physiopathology, Disease Susceptibility physiopathology, Nerve Net physiopathology
- Abstract
Addiction is a chronic brain disease that has dramatic health and socioeconomic consequences worldwide. Multiple approaches have been used for decades to clarify the neurobiological basis of this disease and to identify novel potential treatments. This review summarizes the main brain networks involved in the vulnerability to addiction and specific innovative technological approaches to investigate these neural circuits. First, the evolution of the definition of addiction across the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is revised. We next discuss several innovative experimental techniques that, combined with behavioral approaches, have allowed recent critical advances in understanding the neural circuits involved in addiction, including DREADDs, calcium imaging, and electrophysiology. All these techniques have been used to investigate specific neural circuits involved in vulnerability to addiction and have been extremely useful to clarify the neurobiological basis of each specific component of the addictive process. These novel tools targeting specific brain regions are of great interest to further understand the different aspects of this complex disease. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse.'., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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