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Background: Intraprostatic local radiorecurrence (LRR) after definitive radiation is being increasingly identified due to the implementation of molecular positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging for the evaluation of biochemical recurrence. Salvage high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy offers a promising local therapy option, with encouraging toxicity and efficacy based on early series. Furthermore, the incorporation of advanced imaging allows for focal HDR to further reduce toxicity to maximise the therapeutic ratio. The objectives of the 'focal salvage HDR brachytherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer in patients treated with prior radiotherapy' (F-SHARP) trial are to determine the acute and late toxicity and efficacy outcomes of focal salvage HDR brachytherapy for LRR prostate cancer., Study Design: The F-SHARP is a multi-institutional two-stage Phase I/II clinical trial of salvage focal HDR brachytherapy for LRR prostate cancer enrolling patients at three centres., Endpoints: The primary endpoint is the acute radiation-related Grade ≥3 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, version 4.03) genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity rate, defined as within 3 months of brachytherapy. Secondary endpoints include acute and late CTCAE toxicity, biochemical failure, patterns of clinical progression, disease-specific and overall survival, and health-related quality of life, as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score and 26-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite instruments., Patients and Methods: Key eligibility criteria include: biopsy confirmed LRR prostate adenocarcinoma after prior definitive radiation therapy using any radiotherapeutic modality, no evidence of regional or distant metastasis, and cT1-3a Nx or N0 prostate cancer at initial treatment. All patients will have multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and molecular PET/CT imaging if possible. In Stage 1, seven patients will be accrued. If there are two or more GI or GU Grade ≥3 toxicities, the study will be stopped. Otherwise, 17 additional patients will be accrued (total of 24 patients). For Stage 2, the cohort will expand to 62 subjects to study the efficacy outcomes, long-term toxicity profile, quality of life, and compare single- vs multi-fraction HDR. Transcriptomic analysis of recurrence biopsies will be performed to identify potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers., (© 2023 The Authors. BJU International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International.)

Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are the most common soft tissue tumors in the pediatric population. The American Brachytherapy Society provides recommendations for the use of brachytherapy (BRT) in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas; yet, there are no clearly defined recommendations for the use of adjuvant BRT in treating RMSs in particular. Radiation therapy has an important role in maximizing local control, and BRT has the advantage over external beam radiation therapy of providing a high dose of radiation to the most susceptible area of recurrence, while delivering a lower dose to the surrounding normal tissue., Methods and Materials: This study examines a group of 8 pediatric patients with RMSs who were treated with temporary low-dose-rate (125)I BRT and investigates the efficacy and side effects of such treatment., Results: The results demonstrate a local recurrence rate of 12.5%, with minimal side effects occurring in the patients who had no prior radiation history. Each patient's side effects are discussed., Conclusions: The high efficacy and ease of radiation protection for visitors establishes this as an effective treatment that is logistically convenient for patients and families. This is the first report of patients exclusively with RMSs being treated exclusively with (125)I BRT and demonstrates promising results., (Copyright © 2014 American Brachytherapy Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)