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SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the pasture productive and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã in integrated systems with different densities of trees. Considering as plot the systems: integrated crop-livestock-forest with rows of trees (eucalyptus) spaced at 14 m and 357 trees ha-1 (ICLF-14m), ICLF with rows of trees spaced at 22 m and 227 trees ha-1 (ICLF-22m) and the integrated crop-livestock (ICL) with five remaining native trees ha-1; period of the year as subplots, and sampling points as subsubplots (A, B C, D, and E) arranged perpendicular to trees alleys. It was evaluated the production of forage and leaf blade dry mass, leaf:stem ratio, soil coverage, radiation photosynthetically active interception, canopy height, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM) of the leaf blade, and stem associated with the leaf sheath. There was a significant difference (P

The objective was to evaluate the animal thermal comfort indices from two integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) systems. For this, temperature–humidity index (THI), black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI), and the radiant thermal load (RTL) were assessed. Two ICLF (ICLF-1 and ICLF-2) systems and one control system were established. On the ICLF systems, the arboreal component was the eucalyptus tree (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla; H13 clone), planted in simple wide-spaced rows. The ICLF-1 system had a tree spacing of 14 × 2 m with 357 trees per hectare, and the ICLF-2 had a tree spacing of 22 × 2 m with 227 trees per hectare. The control system had five scattered native trees per hectare, pertaining to Gochnatia and Dipteryx species. The forage component in all three systems was piata-grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piata). The experimental design was a randomized block in a sub-subplot design scheme with four replications. The presence of shade provided by the trees offered better conditions of animal comfort when compared with the condition of full sun. The ICLF-1 system, with higher tree density, provided better indicators for thermal comfort, THI, BGHI, and RTL when compared with the condition of full sun, while ICLF-2 was no different than ICLF-1 for BGHI.

Agrosilvopastoral system is a type of production that involves the soil-forage-animal interface, both of which are benefited by the system. Hence, the present study evaluated the effects of agrosilvopastoral system on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics from pasture, and the animal performance during the feeding period of Nellore heifers. The treatments included: Soil-forage-animal – 357 eucalyptus trees per hectare (LFA14x2m); Soil-forage-animal – 227 eucalyptus trees per hectare (LFA22x2m); and Soil-animal – Five native trees remaining per hectare (CON). The forage used was Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã and having as trees planted the Eucalyptus urograndis clones H 13. Treatment effects (P 0.05) for average daily gain, while in November period, LFA14x2m treatment showed the lowest value (P 0,05) para la ganancia diaria promedio, mientras que, en noviembre, el tratamiento LFA14x2m tuvo el valor más bajo (P0,05) para ganho médio diário, enquanto no período de novembro, o tratamento LFA14x2m apresentou o menor valor (P

Our objective was to evaluate production, nutritive value and carrying capacity of piatã grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã), and performance of Nellore heifers in agrosilvopastoral systems (ASPS) with three eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis) tree densities, during winter, spring, summer, and fall. Three integrated systems were evaluated: ASPS-1 (357 trees ha(-1)), ASPS-2 (227 trees ha(-1)), and CON (5 trees ha(-1)). In each system, two sward heights were evaluated: short and tall. A total of 80 11-month-old Nellore heifers were randomly allocated in a randomized split-plot block, 3 × 2 factorial. Greater dry matter availability was observed on CON pastures during the fall season. Greater percentage of leaf lamina was detected on ASPS-1 with short sward height and greater during summer, compared with other seasons. A greater forage production was observed between tree rows and for tall sward height. Spring was the season with less forage nutritive value. Average daily gain was greater during summer and fall. Gain per hectare and stocking rate were greater on CON system and on ASPS-2. Pastures with short sward height had greater gain per hectare and stocking rate. Agrosilvopastoral systems with intermediate tree density seem to be a good choice for producers willing to diversify their revenue sources without decreasing animal production.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a produtividade e o valor nutritivo das gramíneas forrageiras tropicais: Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Piatã, Xaraés e Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy, em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), na segunda safra, buscando novas alternativas de produção de forragem para alimentação animal no outono-inverno. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas corresponderam às cinco forrageiras, às subparcelas corrresponderam a três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio com milho sem supressão e consórcio com milho com supressão), e às sub-subparcelas, quatro intervalos de corte das forrageiras (50, 90, 125 e 195 dias após a emergência, DAE). O experimento foi conduzido no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2014. As produtividades de matéria seca, obtidas aos 195 DAE, referentes aos três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio sem supressão e com supressão), foram de 18,45; 7,15 e 3,05 t ha-1, respectivamente, e os teores de proteína bruta da lâmina foliar das forrageiras decresceram linearmente entre os intervalos de corte, de 50 a 195 DAE, de 19,95 % para 9,70%. O cultivo de forrageiras tropicais em sistemas integrados na segunda safra produz forragem de alta qualidade e quantidade para o outono-inverno. As gramíneas tropicais Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Xaraés e Piatã apresentaram maior produtividade de folhas e proteína bruta, em comparação às demais forrageiras em estudo. Em termos de valor nutritivo, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy foi superior aos capins Mombaça e Xaraés, porém apresentou menores produtividades de matéria seca total, folha e proteína bruta. De maneira geral, os capins Xaraés, Piatã e Mombaça são os mais indicados para o cultivo na segunda safra em sistema de ILP visando a produção de forragem para alimentação animal.

The influence of cutting age on production and nutritive value of piata grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piata) and hybrid sorghum (Sorghum spp. cv. BRS 801) under an integrated crop- livestock system was evaluated. The trial was carried out at the Embrapa Beef Cattle (2027 S; 5437 W) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, between April and October 2009. Experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replicates. Treatments were distributed across a split-plot design, which included three production systems (single piata grass; single hybrid sorghum; mixed cultivation of sorghum and piata grass). Half-plots consisted of three forage ages at harvest (with 70, 90 and 110 days after seeding). Variables included agronomical characteristics, productivity and nutrition value. Regardless of the evaluated systems, cutting age affected agronomical characteristics and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM). Production was highest (4,048 kg ha -1 ) within the integrated system. Regardless of cutting age, monoculture sorghum had the highest crude protein level. Results showed that integrated sorghum and piata grasses were an asset for forage productivity. Forages had higher values in crude protein and in in vitro digestibility of organic matter on the 70 th day after seeding.

Avaliou-se o efeito de três taxas de lotação (0,8; 1,2; e 1,6 UA/ha), em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens x Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão e de B. brizantha cv. Marandu x S. guianensis cv. Mineirão, no Cerrado, sobre a produção por animal e por área, visando sugerir o manejo mais adequado. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com os tratamentos no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com duas repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas constituíram um fatorial 2x3, sendo duas gramíneas (B. decumbens e B. brizantha cv. Marandu) em consorciação com S. guianensis cv. Mineirão e três taxas de lotação (0,8; 1,2 e 1,6 UA/ha), e as subparcelas, as épocas do ano. Foram utilizados bezerros Nelore, desmamados, com peso vivo médio de 138 kg, no início do experimento. O ganho de peso vivo médio diário (GPD) dos animais foi influenciado pela gramínea, pela época do ano e pela taxa de lotação. As pastagens com B. decumbens proporcionaram maior GPD que as pastagens com B. brizantha (409 x 333 g/novilho.dia). Na época das águas, foi observado maior GPD do que na seca, 490 e 194 g/novilho.dia, respectivamente. Houve decréscimo linear do GPD com o aumento da taxa de lotação, estimando-se valores de 435; 371 e 308 g/novilho.dia para as taxas de 0,8, 1,2 e 1,6 UA/ha, respectivamente. Houve influência da gramínea e da época do ano sobre o ganho de peso por área. As pastagens com B. decumbens proporcionaram maior produção por área do que as com B. brizantha, com ganhos de peso vivo de 464 e 352 kg/ha.ano, respectivamente. Durante a época das águas, a produção por área foi maior que na seca, com valores médios de 331 e 77 kg/ha.ano, respectivamente. Não houve influência da taxa de lotação sobre a produção por área, entretanto, observou-se resposta com tendência curvelinear, indicando que a taxa de lotação mais adequada estaria entre 1,25 e 1,30 UA/ha. Mixed pastures of Brachiaria decumbens with Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão and B. brizantha cv. Marandu with S. guianensis cv. Mineirão, under three stocking rates (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 AU/ha) were evaluated in regard to the animal daily gain and liveweight gain per ha, in the Brazilian Savanna, in order to suggest the most adequate management. A randomized block in a split-plot design with two replicates was used. The plots treatments were constituted of a 2x3 factorial, two grasses (Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha cv. Marandu) associated with Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão and three stocking rates (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 AU/ha), and the split-plot as year seasons. Weaned Nellore steers (average initial weight of 138 kg), in the beginning of the experiment, were used. The grass, season and stocking rate affected the daily average weight gain. Animals grazing B. decumbens showed higher DWG than those grazing B. brizantha (409 x 333 g/head.day). It was observed higher DWG in the rainy season in relation to the dry season (490 and 194 g/head.day). DWG decreased linearly as stocking rate increased, and values of 435, 371 and 308 g/head.day were estimated for stocking rates of 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 AU/ha, respectively. Animals grazing B. decumbens showed higher production per ha than those grazing B. brizantha, with liveweight gains of 464 and 352 kg/ha.year, respectively. Weight gain per ha was affected by grass and year season. The production per ha was higher in the rainy season than in the dry one, with average values of 331 and 77 kg/ha.year, respectively. The stocking rate did not affect production per ha, however, there was curvilinear tendency, indicating that the most adequate stocking rate ranged from 1.25 to 1.30 UA/ha.

The objective was to evaluate animal performance and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã in two integrated systems, during the summer and winter, five years after the initial establishment of the area. The randomized block experimental design was adopted with treatments consisting of a control (five native trees per hectare) and an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) system with 227 eucalyptus trees per hectare. Animal performance, canopy height, soil cover, forage mass (leaf, stem and senescent material), and forage nutritive value were evaluated. Differences between systems were observed in forage mass (total, leaf, stem and senescent material), soil cover and forage nutritive value in both seasons. Shading conditions provided by eucalyptus in the ICLF system lead to a reduction in forage mass and neutral detergent fiber content, and to an increase in crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility. However, no effect on animal performance was obtained. The presence of trees improves the forage nutritive value without impacting animal performance in integrated systems. RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho animal e as características nutricionais de Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piatã em dois sistemas integrados, durante o verão e o inverno, cinco anos após o estabelecimento inicial da área. O delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso foi adotado com tratamentos constituídos por um controle (cinco árvores nativas por hectare) e um sistema integrado lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) com 227 eucaliptos por hectare. Desempenho animal, altura do dossel, cobertura do solo, massa de forragem (folha, caule e material senescente) e valor nutritivo da forragem foram avaliados. Diferenças entre os sistemas foram observadas na massa de forragem (total, foliar, caule e material senescente), na cobertura do solo e no valor nutritivo da forragem em ambas as estações. As condições de sombreamento proporcionadas pelo eucalipto no sistema ICLF levaram a uma redução na massa de forragem e no teor de fibra em detergente neutro e a um aumento na proteína bruta e na digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica. No entanto, nenhum efeito no desempenho animal foi obtido. A presença de árvores melhora o valor nutritivo da forragem, sem impactar o desempenho animal em sistemas integrados.

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal. [Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra]. Resumo: Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a produtividade e o valor nutritivo das gramíneas forrageiras tropicais: Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Piatã, Xaraés e Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy, em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), na segunda safra, buscando novas alternativas de produção de forragem para alimentação animal no outono-inverno. Utilizouse delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas corresponderam às cinco forrageiras, às subparcelas corrresponderam a três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio com milho sem supressão e consórcio com milho com supressão), e às sub-subparcelas, quatro intervalos de corte das forrageiras (50, 90, 125 e 195 dias após a emergência, DAE). O experimento foi conduzido no período de fevereiro a setembro de 2014. As produtividades de matéria seca, obtidas aos 195 DAE, referentes aos três sistemas de cultivo (monocultivo, consórcio sem supressão e com supressão), foram de 18,45; 7,15 e 3,05 t ha-1, respectivamente, e os teores de proteína bruta da lâmina foliar das forrageiras decresceram linearmente entre os intervalos de corte, de 50 a 195 DAE, de 19,95 % para 9,70%. O cultivo de forrageiras tropicais em sistemas integrados na segunda safra produz forragem de alta qualidade e quantidade para o outonoinverno. As gramíneas tropicais Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Brachiaria brizantha cvs. Xaraés e Piatã apresentaram maior produtividade de folhas e proteína bruta, em comparação às demais forrageiras em estudo. Em termos de valor nutritivo, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy foi superior aos capins Mombaça e Xaraés, porém apresentou menores produtividades de matéria seca total, folha e proteína bruta. De maneira geral, os capins Xaraés, Piatã e Mombaça são os mais indicados para o cultivo na segunda safra em sistema de ILP visando a produção de forragem para alimentação animal. Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T23:46:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Productivity.pdf: 416145 bytes, checksum: 0c82e8aae5d8498da6624ed3b0d87b87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-12