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In a detailed investigation of lichen diversity in different regions of Pakistan, utilizing molecular and morphological techniques, we identified and reported three species – Dimelaena altissima, Lecanora chlarotera, and Usnea lapponica – as new records for Pakistan. Furthermore, nrITS sequences for Evernia prunastri, Lecanora horiza, L. hybocarpa, Peltigera polydactylon, and P. praetextata were generated for the first time from Pakistan. Detailed morpho-anatomical descriptions, habitat information, distribution data, and results of biochemical analyses are also provided for a better understanding of the lichen diversity and ecology in this region.

A new lichen species Lecaimmeria pakistanica K.Habib, R.Zulfiqar & Khalid sp. nov. is described and illustrated from rocks in the temperate forests of the Himalaya of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. This species is characterized by its yellow-brown to brown thallus having areoles 0.4 to 1.5 mm across, branched and anastomosing paraphyses, a tall hymenium, large ascospores 20–32 × 10–16 μm, and no substance detected by thin layer chromatography. All other species of the genus have ascospore dimensions in the range of 14–22 × 5–14 μm. A phylogenetic analysis is provided based on ITS nrDNA sequences, and supports the separation of the novel species. Photographs and a comparative analysis with related species of Lecaimmeria are provided to confirm the status of the species.