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Abstract The composition of the vascular flora in Punta Arenas city, found in the city’s public spaces, was studied. The species were identified and recorded in a database, which was supplemented with information on taxonomic classification, growth habit, Raunkiaer’s life form, origin status (native or exotic), and original continent-level distribution. These data were compared with studies conducted in five other cities in central Chile, together with an analysis of compositional similarity with these cities, by using the additive complement of Simpson’s index (1– βsim). In Punta Arenas, 119 species were identified, showing a higher proportion of Gymnosperms compared to central Chilean cities. The most represented families were Asteraceae (16 species), Fabaceae (14), Rosaceae (14), Poaceae (12), and Pinaceae (10), which together accounted for 55% of the floristic richness. The compositional similarity between Punta Arenas and the other central Chilean cities ranged from 0.187 to 0.315, showing lower similarity than expected by chance (Montecarlo randomization test; P

A new endemic species, Centaurodendron schilleri, is described from the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. This is the third species of the endemic genus, Centaurodendron, which is closely related to Plectocephalus of the Chilean mainland. The new species is confined to Alejandro Selkirk Island, whereas the previously known species, C. dracaenoides and C. palmiforme, are confined to Robinson Crusoe Island. In morphological aspects, the new species is more distinct from the other two species than they are from each other. Molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic studies for island and continental species of these genera are in progress.

Se hace un análisis morfológico y citotaxonómico de poblaciones de Alstroemeria patagonica Phil., de la estepa patagónica chilena, para aclarar dudas acerca de la variabilidad de esta entidad taxonómica. Para esto, se analizaron 3 poblaciones (Estancia Baño Nuevo, Jeinimeni y Estancia Chacabuco). Se hizo un estudio morfológico detallado en ejemplares recolectados con este fin, más muestras de los herbarios SGO y CONC. Además, se realizó un estudio citotaxonómico de las poblaciones, utilizando los cromosomas como fuente de evidencia taxonómica. Se compararon los resultados con datos de Alstroemeria pygmaea Herb. con el objetivo de esclarecer las diferencias entre estos taxones unifloros y con flores de color amarillo. El estudio da como resultado la presencia de una nueva especie de Alstroemeria para Chile y Argentina.

The expansion of cities promotes the replacement of local biotas with exotic species causing a decrease in global diversity. As urbanization continues to expand, efforts directed towards the conservation within urban landscapes could support regional biodiversity conservation. The biogeographic region of central Chile displays a native flora of global importance because of its high endemism. Up to date, studies analysing the composition of the floras within the cities are scarce. The present study aims at characterizing the compositional and distributional patterns of the ornamental flora of five cities of central Chile (La Serena, Valparaíso, Santiago, Rancagua, and Talca). For this purpose, we sampled several streets and squares recording all woody species. The species were then characterized by their biogeographical origin and incidence. It was recorded 302 species of which approx. 86% were exotic and 14% were native, a consistent pattern found in the five cities studied; these results contrast with the European urban flora, where native species can usually overcome 50% of the plant species. Almost half of the exotic species had their origin in Asia (including Australasia, Temperate, and Tropical Asia), Europe, and North America. Consequently, the representation of the regional flora within the urban context is low for central Chile, with the native species registered, accounting for only 0.81% of the total species described for the country. Urban habitats could support regional biodiversity conservation, so a shift towards sustainable urban planning could promote local biological conservation.

A new record for Avellanita bustillosii Phil. is added. Botanical surveys in pre-andean mountain range of O´Higgins Region leads to find a new population. Their distributional southern limit is extended about 26.5 km. This population was found between 700 and 880 masl, in the northern slope of the Retamal foothill and the slopes with eastern exposure of the Trocalán hill, both located at 11 km east of the town of Requinoa, Cachapoal Province, O´Higgins Region. This finding it´s a contribution to the taxon chorology and reveals the lack of information available about their distributional territory. This is the first population described to Central Chile pre-andean mountain range. A re-evaluation to its conservation status is provided.

A partir de 1985 comienzan los esfuerzos del Estado de Chile, con el apoyo de especialistas, para generar listas de especies de plantas (1985) y animales (1987) con altos a moderados riesgos de extinción en el corto plazo producto de actividades antrópicas (i.e., especies amenazadas). Las siete categorías de amenazas utilizadas para la fauna coinciden con las empleadas por la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) en 1982; para la flora hubo coincidencia en solo cinco de las categorías utilizadas. En el año 1994, la Ley 19300 de Bases del Medio Ambiente estableció seis categorías de estados de conservación. El Reglamento para la Clasificación de Especies Silvestres, promulgado el 2005, definió estas seis categorías haciendo una combinación entre lo propuesto por la UICN en 2001 y 1982. La generación de este sistema híbrido que no era comparable con el utilizado ampliamente en el mundo, restringió severamente la posibilidad de clasificar a las especies con amenaza inferior al nivel de Vulnerable. Complicaciones adicionales se generaron con la inclusión de categorías de conservación en la Ley 19473 de Caza (1996), la Ley 20283 sobre Recuperación del Bosque Nativo y Fomento Forestal (2008), y sus respectivos reglamentos. La Ley 20417 (publicada el 26 de enero 2010) modificó la ley 19300 e incorporó las categorías recomendadas por la UICN. Ahora el Estado requiere adecuar varios cuerpos legales para avanzar en el conocimiento del estado de conservación de la flora y la fauna nacional, y consecuentemente, asegurar la implementación de medidas efectivas de protección de la biodiversidad.Since 1985, the Chilean government with the participation and support of different specialists in plant and animal conservation, started the publication of checklists (i.e. red books) of plant (1985) and animal species (1987) with high to modérate risk of extinction due to human activities (i.e. threatened species). The seven categories of threats used in these publications matched those used by the International Unión for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 1982; nonetheless, for the flora there was matching only in five of the categories used. In 1994, the Law 19300 on the General Bases of the Environment established six categories of conservation status. The regulations for the classification of the wild species in Conservation categories, enacted in 2005, defined these six categories, which resulted from a combination of those proposed by the IUCN in 2001 and 1982. The generation of this hybrid system, which is not fully comparable with that of the IUCN (2001) and widely used in the rest of the world, has severely restricted the possibility of classifying species with a threat level lower than "Vulnerable". Further complications were generated due to the definition of conservation categories that appeared in the Laws 19473 (1996) regulating the hunting activity and 20283 (2008) supporting the native forest recovery and forestry development. The Law 20417 (enacted in January 26, 2010) modified the Law 19300 and incorporated the categories recommended by IUCN. Currently, the State requires adapting several legal bodies to advance in the knowledge of the conservation status of the nation's flora and fauna, and consequently, ensure the implementation of effective efforts to protect our biodiversity.

Se citan por primera vez como elementos de la flora vascular de Chile a las cactáceas, Maihuenia patagónica (Phil.) Britton & Rose y Pterocactus australis (FA.C.Weber) Backeb. Además se entregan nuevos antecedentes sobre distribución y ecología de otras tres especies de Cactaceae presentes en la Región de Aisén. Todas ellas han sido registradas para Chile exclusivamente para la región, en la ribera sur del lago General Carrera. Se detallan descripciones, distribuciones, flora y vegetación asociada, aspectos ecológicos y se propone una clasificación de sus estados de conservación en Chile.Maihuenia patagónica (Phil.) Britton & Rose ana Pterocactus australis (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb. are pointed for the first time in to the Chilean vascular flora. Furthermore, it is given new information about the distribution and ecology of other three species of Cactaceae located at Aisen Region. All species were registered in Chile only on the southern edge of the General Carrera Lake, in the region. There is included for each species a detailed description, their distribution, flora and associated vegetation, ecological aspects and it is proposed a classification about their conservation status in Chile.

Valeriana moyanoi Speg. (Valerianaceae), known until today just for the Argentinean flora, was collected for the first time in Chile in two places of the XI Region of Aysén; Cerro Rosado and the Jeinimeni Lake National Reserve. This study includes a description of the species, its Chilean-Argentinean distribution, habitat and associate species

Se describe el cariotipo de Alstroemeria patagonica Phil. a partir de material de Chile. Esta especie presenta un cariotipo 2n = 2x = 16, y una fórmula haploide de 1m + 2sm + 1sm-sat + 2st + 1st-sat + 1t. El cariotipo encontrado es muy asimétrico (AsK % = 76,0).The karyotype of Alstroemeria patagonia Phil. from Chile was described. The species had a karyotype 2n = 2x = 16, and the haploid formula was 1m + 2sm + 1sm-sat + 2st + 1st-sat + 1t. The reported karyotype was very asymmetric (AsK % = 76.0).