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Thinopyrum curvifolium, a halo-gypsophyte endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, has an uncertain cytogenetic composition. Moreover, it is often confused with other species of the genus due to morphological resemblance. In this study, we analyse its genomic composition using in situ hybridization and study lodicule morphology and foliar anatomy, to identify distinguishing traits of the species in comparison with the remaining representatives of Thinopyrum in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. In situ hybridization data support the genomic formula 2n = 4x = 28, EbP. Lodicule morphology and foliar anatomy proved helpful in characterizing the species. These new discoveries, in addition to the macromorphological data compiled, support the contentions that (1) T. curvifolium should be segregated from Thinopyrum sensu D.R.Dewey, and (2) a new cytogenetically based genus should be proposed in order to classify the species properly according to the cytogenetically based criteria traditionally proposed for the classification of Triticeae. Therefore, we hereby propose a new genus named Pauneroa gen. nov., including the new nomenclatural combination Pauneroa curvifolia comb. nov., and provide a detailed iconography of the plant, macroscopically comparing the genus with closely related genera.

Filago longilanata was collected only once until now by Maire and Wilczek in 1934. On its side, Filago prolifera is a rare plant endemic to North Africa, and most of the available herbarium materia...

[EN] The large genus Veronica has a complex evolutionary history. Within it, Veronica subsect. Pentasepalae represents an ideal system to study important evolutionary processes, such as hybridization and polyploidization. Delimitation of species boundaries within the subsection is a difficult task and the highly complicated taxonomy of the group has led to an accumulation of approximately 230 names for 22 accepted taxa. Many names have been used in different taxonomic senses even in recent Floras, scientific works, catalogues, Red Lists and internet resources. The lack of an updated taxonomic and nomenclatural framework represents a significant problem to develop further studies in several fields such as ecology, conservation, plant and evolutionary biology. A complete nomenclatural treatment for the whole subsection is provided here, that relies on results derived from the first phylogenetic analysis of V. subsect. Pentasepalae based on DNA sequence data, morphology and ploidy‐ level information. Nomenclatural types for 22 validly published names are designated. In total 21 lectotypes, 2 epitypes and 1 neotype are chosen. A new combination, Veronica linearis, is proposed.

Seventy-five populations corresponding to 12 taxa (species or subspecies) that include Odontites (9 taxa), Odontitella (1 taxon) and Macrosyringion (1 taxon) from the Iberian Peninsula, and Bartsiella (1 taxon) from Morocco have been studied. For the first time, a chromosome number is reported for the genus Bartsiella, monospecific and endemic to Morocco, B. rameauana (2n = 24), and Odontites kaliformis (2n = 22), O. viscosus subsp. asturicus (2n = 24) and O. viscosus subsp. granatensis (n = 11), endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. A new chromosome number is vreported for Macrosyringion longiflorum (2n = 22), Odontitella virgata (n = 12), O. viscosus subsp. australis (2n = 20, 22, 24) and O. recordonii (2n = 26). All the studied taxa were diploid (2x). In the case of O. vernus s.l., a tetraploid level (4x) was also found. This species in its wider sense includes O. vernus s.str. and O. vulgaris, which is often considered an independent species. Out of the forty-six populations of O. vernus s.l. studied, thirty were found to be tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40, O. vernus for many authors) and sixteen to be diploid (2n = 2x = 20, O. vulgaris for many authors).

The variation and evolutionary dynamics of the twin hairs covering the achenes of the external female florets in Filago and related genera are studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a Bayesian reconstruction of ancestral character states. A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on sequences of ITS and ETS (nuclear ribosomal DNA) and plastid rpl32-trnL intergenic spacer regions was used as a framework to test the phylogenetic, evolutionary and taxonomic significance of this character in the study group. The phylogenetic position of three island-endemic species (F. petro-ianii, F. tyrrhenica and F. wagenitziana) is explored. Three types of twin hairs are described, which alone or combined define five different types of indumentum. The results suggest that glabrous achenes are the ancestral condition for “Filago group s.str.”, while the presence of long-clavate twin hairs on the achene represents the ancestral character state for the genus Filago. Several cases of parallelisms are detected. With regard to taxonomy, twin hairs provide additional support for the recognition of Bombycilaena and Logfia at the generic level and allow the taxonomic re-evaluation of F. lutescens subsp. atlantica and F. crocidion. Finally, the utility of a Bayesian Binary MCMC approach (using the software RASP) for evolutionary reconstruction of morphological characters is demonstrated.

Andres-Sanchez, S., M. Montserrat Martinez-Ortega & E. Rico (2014). Taxonomic revision of the genus Bombycilaena (DC.) Smoljan. (Asteraceae). Candollea 69: 55–63. In Spanish, English and French abstracts. The first complete taxonomic account of the genus Bombycilaena (DC.) Smoljan. based on the revision of more than 2000 sheets deposited in 28 herbaria is here presented. A detailed description of the genus and a key for the two species therein included are provided, as well as descriptions, habitat preferences, phenology, and geographic distribution. The typification of the name Bombycilaena erecta (L.) Smoljan. is assessed and a neotype is designated for the accepted name Bombycilaena discolor (Pers.) M. Lainz.

Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are encoded by a family of genes found in all plants, and in terms of function, the GLPs are implicated in the response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. CchGLP is a gene encoding a GLP identified in a geminivirus-resistant Capsicum chinense Jacq accession named BG-3821, and it is important in geminivirus resistance when transferred to susceptible tobacco in transgenic experiments. To characterize the role of this GLP in geminivirus resistance in the original accession from which this gene was identified, this work aimed at demonstrating the possible role of CchGLP in resistance to geminiviruses in Capsicum chinense Jacq. BG-3821. Virus-induced gene silencing studies using a geminiviral vector based in PHYVV component A, displaying that silencing of CchGLP in accession BG-3821, increased susceptibility to geminivirus single and mixed infections. These results suggested that CchGLP is an important factor for geminivirus resistance in C. chinense BG-3821 accession.

The effects were examined of plant-response signaling compounds, salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), on resistance to pill-bugs (Armadillidium vulgare) attack in lettuce plants. Foliar SA and MeJA applications were made at weekly intervals from the emergence of the plant until one week before harvesting. SA and MeJA induced detectable levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at least during 5 days post-application in these plants throughout their cultivation. On the whole, SA and MeJA in the concentrations and application scheme evaluated in this research did not significantly influence the dry and fresh weight matter of plants, or the chlorophyll and nitrate contents. In addition, both signal elicitors significantly diminished lettuce mortality due to pill-bugs, which was positively correlated with phenolics and flavonoids contents. Our results suggest that SA and MeJA, especially in low concentrations, should be further evaluated in lettuce production and priming resistance.

19 p., Fot.col.; Supplementary Material: Figures S1–S4 are available in the free Electronic Supplement to the online version of this article (http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax)., [EN] The Filago group (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) comprises eleven genera, mainly distributed in Eurasia, northern Africa and northern America: Ancistrocarphus, Bombycilaena, Chamaepus, Cymbolaena, Evacidium, Evax, Filago, Logfia, Micropus, Psilocarphus and Stylocline. The main morphological character that defines the group is that the receptacular paleae subtend, and more or less enclose, the female florets. The aims of this work are, with the use of three chloroplast DNA regions (rpl32-trnL intergenic spacer, trnL intron, and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer) and two nuclear DNA regions (ITS, ETS), to test whether the Filago group is monophyletic; to place its members within Gnaphalieae using a broad sampling of the tribe; and to investigate in detail the phylogenetic relationships among the Old World members of the Filago group and provide some new insight into the generic circumscription and infrageneric classification based on natural entities. Our results do not show statistical support for a monophyletic Filago group. The traditional generic circumscription of most of the genera, as well as the traditional infrageneric classification of the genus Filago, do not correlate with the inferred phylogenetic relationships. A monophyletic circumscription of Filago and a new subgeneric treatment for this genus are proposed, this involving description of a new subgenus (Filago subg. Crocidion Andrés-Sánchez & Galbany, subg. nov.) and four new combinations (Filago subg. Pseudevax (DC.) Andrés-Sánchez & Galbany, comb. et stat. nov.; Filago discolor (DC.) Andrés-Sánchez & Galbany, comb. nov.; Filago gaditana (Pau) Andrés-Sánchez & Galbany, comb. et stat. nov. and Filago griffithii (A. Gray) Andrés-Sánchez & Galbany, comb. nov.). The genera Cymbolaena, Evacidium and Evax are synonymised under Filago. Several incongruences found between chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence analyses, as well as a notable degree of intraspecific sequence variation in all regions sequenced are documented and discussed.

Pollen grains of 30, mainly annual, species from 134 populations of the genus Veronica (Plantaginaceae, formerly Scrophulariaceae) from the Mediterranean Region, have been studied with light and scanning electron microscopy. Three pollen types are defined based on pollen size and exine surface sculpture. In some cases within the study group pollen size can be useful in species determination. Hypothetical relationships of pollen grain size and aperture number with ploidy level, style length and corolla diameter are discussed. The ornamentation of the exine in Veronica, although generally a conservative character within the genus, gives some additional support to the most recent infrageneric classification of Veronica.

We describe a species of Odontites, O. bolligeri E.Rico, L.Delgado & Herrero, endemic to the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula and north Africa, from Morocco to Tunisia. This species belongs to the O. purpureus group and corresponds to the taxon that the monographer Markus Bolliger called O. squarrosus subsp. squarrosus. However, according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), this is an invalid name, and hence we propose a new name for these plants here. Drawings of the new species are also supplied. In addition, we compare and discuss the other species of the O. purpureus group, propose a key for them and include a karyological study of the two Iberian species of the group. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 701–708.

Original material for the endemic Iberian species Odontitella virgata, initially described as Euphrasia linifolia sensu Brot., non L., does not exist. A specimen from Valorado's herbarium (LISU) is chosen here as neotype for the name of the species now placed in the monotypic genus Odontitella. The same specimen is selected as neotype for Euphrasia tenuifolia Pers., basionym of Odontites tenuifolia (Pers.) G. Don, the correct name for these plants in Odontites. In addition, a lectotype is selected for the synonym Odontites aragonensis Willk. Macrosyringion longiflorum, the type of the generic name Macrosyringion, is lectotypified here by a specimen deposited in the Lamarck collections in Paris (P-LA), since that French botanist was the author of the basionym Euphrasia longiflora and not Vahl, to whom authorship has hitherto been generally attributed.

A multivariate analysis has been performed in order to study the polymorphisms of the three species ofPotentilla sect.Recta (Th. Wolf)Juzepchuk represented in the Iberian Peninsula:P. asturica Rothm.,P. hirta L. andP. recta L. The variability of 20 characters (quantitative, binary and qualitative) has been evaluated in 76 collections mostly from the Iberian Peninsula and from other European territories, but also from North America, and North Africa. The analyses performed provide support for the recognition of the three species. The most discriminant among the quantitative characters is the width of the long trichomes on the stem, and then the width of the long trichomes on the leaves and the maximum length of the long trichomes. The interval of number of carpels, presence or absence of short eglandular trichomes and the abundance of long eglandular trichomes (>3 mm) are the most discriminant ones among the qualitative ones. The taxonomical position ofP. asturica, which has been previously subordinated as a subspecies within the other two taxa, is discussed. Our results support a good delimitation of this taxon which, on the basis of the morphological characters studied by us, seems to be morphologically more close toP. hirta than toP. recta, but differs significantly from both. A key to the three species is provided.

[EN] The identity of the illustration previously selected as the lectotype of Colchicum montanum L. is shown to be demonstrably ambiguous. An epitype is designated that affixes the application of the name to the common “quitameriendas” that is widely distributed in the Iberian Peninsula.

Veronica repens in Corsica is shown to be a subspecies within V. serpyllifolia and is endemic there. A detailed study of the indumentum, together with considerations on palynology, seed morphology, karyology and phytogeography, has shown that the Spanish populations usually assigned to «V. repens» are different from that subsp. repens at species level and belong to «V. langei». This species, endemic to Spain, consist of two varieties V. langei var. langei and V. langei var. nevadensis. «V. humifusa» (=V. tenella=V. balcanica=V. apennina) is a high mountain ecotype of V. serpyllifolia meriting only varietal rank V. serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia var. humifusa. A taxonomic key to all taxa is supplied, as well as nomenclatural considerations, typification of several names, descriptions, drawings and distribution maps. A new subsection in Veronica sect. Veronicastrum is proposed.

A study of the flora of irrigated crops in two Spanish provinces (Salamanca and Zamora, SW Castilla y León) has been carried out. After careful analysis of a catalogue comprising more than 344 taxa, we have found that 237 of them (68,9 %) belong to 8 families, the most relevant of which are Compositae, Gramineae and Leguminosae, although the latter is less important among the most frequent species. The best represented chorological group is that of those widely distributed species, to which more than half of the species in the catalogue belong, as well as 85,4 % of the most invasive ones. On the contrary the group of Mediterranean and endemic taxa represent just a third of the total. The predominant biological type is the terophytes (66,6 % of the annotated species), while hemicryptophytes represent 26 % and geophytes just less than 5 %. Anemochory is the commonest dispersal type (ca. 70 % of the species) followed by barochory and zoochory. The latter has greater relative importance (more or less 30 %) among the most harmful plants. Se lleva a cabo un estudio de la composición de la flora de cultivos de regadío de las provincias de Salamanca y Zamora (sudoeste de Castilla y León). Del análisis de un catálogo de 344 táxones, se obtiene que 237 (68,9 % del total) pertenecen a ocho familias, entre las que destacan Compositae, Gramineae y Leguminosae, aunque la importada de esta última es mucho menor entre las especies más frecuentes. El grupo corológico mejor representado es el de amplia distribución, al que pertenecen más de la mitad de las especies del catálogo y el 85,4 % de las más infestantes, en tanto que el conjunto de mediterráneas y endemismos suman solo un tercio del total. El tipo biológico predominante es el de los terófitos (66,6 %), seguido de los hemicriptófitos (26 %) y en tercer lugar los geófitos (menos del 5 %). El modo de dispersión más extendido es la anemocoria (70 %), seguido de la barocoria y zoocoria; este último tiene mayor importancia relativa (30 %) entre las plantas más nocivas.

Chromosome numbers in 80 populations belonging to 18 species of Potentilla L. subgen. Potentilla from the Iberian Peninsula and two of P. maura , a North African endemic taxon, have been counted. The basic number of chromosomes is always x=7 and these chromosomes are small (between 1 and 2 μm). For three species, the number of chromosomes is reported for the first time and, for another six, this number has been established in Iberian representatives. Moreover, new ploidy levels have been obtained for P. hispanica and P. crantzii with regard to their entire distribution area, and in P. cinerea and P. neumanniana for the Iberian Peninsula. Some taxonomic, phylogenetic and phytogeographic comments are made for several species or groups of species from the West Mediterranean region. In 13 species only one ploidy level has been found, but six species have several ploidy levels. Seven ploidy levels occur in the investigated taxa. The frequency of each ploidy level represented within Iberian Potentilla is analysed and the data are compared with those available for taxa from the rest of the distribution area of the genus.

[Otros] Survie de deux souches de Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) élevées sur des pommes de terre transgéniques exprimant la protéine CrylAb de Bacillus thuringiensis. Deux populations de Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), l'une supposée résistante au DipelTM (une préparation commerciale de delta-endotoxines de Bacillus thuringiensis) et l'autre sensible, ont été cultivées sur quatre cultivars de pomme de terre, deux transgéniques de première génération, exprimant la protéine CrylAb de Bacillus thuringiensis, et deux non transformés. La population de papillons considérée comme résistante a présenté une mortalité inférieure à celle de l'autre population, mais n'était pas vraiment résistante à CrylAb. Les pommes de terre transgéniques étaient en partie protégées d'une attaque de l'insecte. La survie au stade adulte des deux souches de Phthorimaea élevées sur les plantes transgéniques était au moins deux fois inférieure à celle constatée sur les plantes non transformées. Il en résulte que les pommes de terre exprimant le gène cry1Ab sont partiellement protégées des attaques du papillon. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.), [EN] Two populations of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), one of them presumed to be resistant to Dipel (a commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins), and the other susceptible, were grown on four cultivars of potatoes, two of them a first generation of transgenic plants, expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab delta endotoxin protein, and the other two untransformed. The moth population which was reported to be resistant, proved to have less mortality than the susceptible one, but it was not really resistant to Cry1Ab. The transgenic potatoes were partially protected against the attack of the moth. The adult survival of the two strains of Phthorimaea operculella reared on transgenic potatoes was less than half their survival on untransformed potatoes, so that Cry1Ab expressing potato tubers proved to protect partially against attack of the moth. ((C) Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)., We thank Juan Ferre for helpful discussion and suggestions. We thank also Eric Bonnel, from Germicopa (France), who provided us the two transgenic and one of the untransformed tubers; Marnix Peferoen, from Plant Genetic System, who provided ust he two populations of Phthorimaea operculella. This research was funded by the European Comunity through AGRE 0003(GDF).

A palynological study by LM and SEM was made of 26 taxa of Potentilla L. subg. Potentilla. It is more precise on material from 110 populations, mainly from the western Mediterranean. On the basis of morphometry, the subg. Potentilla can be said to have a stenopalynous nature, due to the absence of significant differences between the taxa studied and to the high degree of overlapping shown by their range of variation. With respect to ornamentation, which is striate, only P. rupestris pollen can be separately identified by a much more marked striation than the other species studied. An attempt was made to observe the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships between the species of the natural groups of Potentilla on the basis of their pollen characters.

[ES] La complejidad taxonómica del género Filago ha dado lugar a numerosos errores de determinación a lo largo de los años, lo que ha impedido un conocimiento preciso del área de distribución de las especies incluidas en el género. En este trabajo tratamos de recopilar y revisar críticamente todos los datos disponibles acerca de la distribución de los 20 taxones presentes en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Como resultado más destacable, aportamos 13 novedades provinciales. Además, se circunscriben de manera precisa las áreas de distribución de F. gaditana, F. germanica, F. lutescens subsp. atlantica y F. micropodioides cuyas áreas de distribución eran mal conocidas por problemas taxonómicos y nomenclaturales. Además, se excluye la presencia de F. asterisciflora en el territorio objeto de Flora iberica., The taxonomical complexity of the genus Filago has traditionally led to many determination mistakes which have hampered a precise knowledge of the exact distribution areas of the species included in the genus. We have tried to compile all the available data on the distribution in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands of 20 taxa from the genus Filago and have critically revised them. As a result, in 13 cases we report the presence of a particular species of Filago for the first time at the provincial level. The distribution ranges of F. gaditana, F. germanica, F. lutescens subsp. atlantica and F. micropodioides traditionally hindered by taxonomic and nomenclatural problems are reliably circumscribed. Last and remarkably, according to our results, F. asterisciflora is not present in the Iberian Peninsula and in the Balearic Islands.

This paper is focused on the typification of 36 names provided for Filago species in order to fix their correct usage. Eight of them are accepted names, basionyms or replaced synonyms of accepted names at the specific rank, i.e. F. abyssinica , F. argentea , F. carpetana , F. contracta , F. eriocephala , F. lutescens , F. lusitanica and F. tyrrhenica . Many others have been extensively used in the taxonomic literature related to the genus (e.g., F. apiculata , F. canescens or F. spathulata ). Thirty four lectotypes, three epitypes and one neotype have been selected according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants. Further specimens and/or materials relevant to typification are indicated, together with protologue citations. Finally, Filago albicans is proposed as a replacement name for the illegitimate combination F. atlantica .

Measuring deficiencies in the nutrition of crops is important because it allow growers to take proper action in time so as to get better development of plants. Several methods have been proposed in the measurement of nitrogen. One of those methods is image processing using color spaces. In this study, five levels of deficiency of nitrogen were induced for the evaluation in tomato seedlings. Color images were taken with a digital camera. These images were processed in Visual C++ making segmentation of the images, and for its analysis they were converted from red, green, blue (RGB) to improved hue, luminance and saturation (IHLS) color space. Luminance, saturation, hue and hue-saturation components on IHLS were proposed in the nitrogen diagnostic. Results from laboratory on the tomato leaves were taken as reference. To evaluate the data, linear regression and variance analysis with Tukey test (p

[EN] During a taxonomic revision of the genus Veronica L. for the Flora iberica project, an attempt was made to fix the correct status of the names cited in the study area. With this aim, here we have designated lectotypes, neotypes and epitypes for 18 previously untypified names, mainly belonging to annual species, some of them widely distributed such as V. persica and V. praecox. These newly proposed types support the current use of the names concerned and therefore contribute to establishing the correct nomenclature of the genus.

During our research on the perennial European sections of Veronica L. we have investigated the typification of the Linnaean names. In the course of our study of Linnaeus's herbarium at the Linnean Society of London (LINN) we have encountered some problems in the typification of the name Veronica multifida L. (Linnaeus, 1753: 13). As currently understood, Veronica multifida is an Irano-Turanian species distributed from eastern Bulgaria to the Caucasus. V. jacquinii Baumg. (Baumgarten, 1816: 26) is a Euro-Siberian species ranging from eastern Europe and the Balkan peninsula to the Caucasus. These two taxa are not closely related and belong to different subsections of V. sect. Veronica: the first to V. subsect. Orientales (E. Wulff) Jelen. and the second to V. subsect. Pentasepalae (Benth.) Jelen. However, they have frequently been confused, as they are superficially similar in their pinnatisect or more or less bipinnatisect leaves (which tend to be larger in V. jacquinii). The latter species can be distinguished by its capsule, which is usually longer than broad, rounded at the base (instead of cuneate), and by its stems, which are erect or ascending at the base (never decumbent or shortly creeping). Most modern floristic and monographic works dealing with Veronica (e.g. Fischer, 1978, 1981; Borisova, 1955) make a clear distinction between V. multifida and V. jacquinii. An account of the history of the name Veronica multifida and of its application can be found in Riek (1935: 28). The only original element cited in the protologue of V. multifida is the illustration of "Veronica montana, folio vario" by Buxbaum (1728: 24, t. 38), which shows a fruiting plant, not drawn with as much precision as one might desire. The identity of this illustration is ambiguous because the capsule shape (one of the most important features distinguishing V. multifida from V. jacquinii) is not evident: the detail is poor, and the capsule base is obscured by the sepals. The leaf shape, as depicted, gives no additional clue, as it could correspond with either taxon.

Several processes related to the reproductive biology of the Iberian species of the genus Potentilla L. subg. Trichothalamus (Spreng.) Rchb., Comarum (L.) Syme and Fragariastrum (Heist. ex Fabr.) Rchb. are studied. We provide data concerning compatibility, agamospermy and hybridization along with pollination and fruit dispersal. No agamospermy mechanisms were found in any of the taxa, nor were there signs of any hybridization, although potential signs of self-incompatibility were detected. Regarding to pollination, a marked tendency toward autogamy was observed in certain groups. Finally, some mechanisms for the release and dispersal of diaspores are described in relation to diaspore and flower receptacle morphology.

collection. Bremekamp was the first to obtain authentic, but newly collected, fruits of Coupoui aquatica. These were very different from the fruit illustrated by Aublet. Breme kamp speculated that Aublet's fruit could have been collect ed from a climber, possibly belonging to the Apocynaceae, growing on the same tree from which Aublet collected his leaves, but without the original fruit this cannot be ascer tained. In any event, the lectotype of Coupoui aquatica comprises the two detached leaves collected by Aublet pre served at BM, and not his published illustration. Coupoui, based solely on C. aquatica, is also typified by these two leaves. Because the original material, except for the putative apocynaceous fruit illustrated by Aublet, and all associated later-collected material of C. aquatica completely agree with Duroia, Bremekamp synonymized Coupoui with Duroia. He also made some synonymizations and new com binations under Duroia, among them D. aquatica (Aubl.) Bremek., but failed to observe that Duroia is a later name than Coupoui. Miers (I.e.: 16) never adopted the name Coupoui because, in his opinion, it was too similar to the names Couepia AubL, Goupia AubL, and Cupia DC. He consid ered Coupoui to be a later "sub-homonym" and therefore unavailable for use, replacing it with Cupirana Miers, but under the rules of the present ICBNAxt. 53.1 (Greuter & al. in Regnum Veg. 138. 2000) Coupoui is not a later homo nym, and having a different pronounciation and derivation it is not sufficiently alike to be confused with these other names (Art. 53.3), and remains legitimate. On the other hand, Cupirana is an illegitimate nomen superfluum. As Coupoui is an earlier heterotypic synonym of Duroia, the latter name is threatened by the former. But the name Duroia is already conserved against another earlier synonym, Pubeta L. (PL Surin.: 16. 1775), and is consis tently used in current literature. Furthermore, about 45 spe cific combinations have been made under Duroia, com pared to only four under Coupoui. To avoid the loss of the well-established and already conserved name Duroia L. f, we therefore propose to add Coupoui AubL to its list of nomina rejicienda.

Pollen grains from 30 taxa, mainly from the Western Mediterranean area belonging to the perennial sections of the genus Veronica (Scrophulariaceae), were studied by LM and SEM. A close relationship was found between pollen size and ploidy level. Palynological characters cannot be regarded as essential taxonomic tools within the groups studied, although they have systematic value in some specific cases. The monophyly of Veronica subsect. Multiflorae is supported by a common and exclusive sculpture of exine. Delimitation of the genus is discussed and hypothetical evolutionary trends concerning pollen characters are addressed.

Martinez-Ortega, M. M. & Rico, E.: Typification of 10 specific names in Veronica L. (Scrophulariaceae, Veroniceae). Taxon 50: 543-549. 2001. ISSN 0040-0262. Types for the names V. aragonensis Stroh, V. micrantha Hoffmanns. & Link, V. nummularia Gouan, V. orbiculata A. Kern., V. orsinitana Ten., V. ponae Gouan, V. rosea Desf., V. saturejoides Vis., V. tenuifolia Asso and V. teucrioides Boiss. & Heldr. are here designated.

A previously designated lectotype for the name Veronica agrestis L. is here superseded in favour of an alternative original element on the grounds of conflict with the protologue in accordance with Art. 9.17(b) of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. An earlier proposal to conserve the name with a conserved type is withdrawn.