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In 2014–2015 on the West Siberian Plain, fertile populations of 3 species of the genus Spirogyra (section Conjugata) new to this region were found: S. daedalea, S. dictyospora and S. rugulosa. The morphology of the vegetative cells and zygospores of the collected samples is briefly described, the ecological conditions in the habitats are characterized, and photos of Spirogyra daedalea (lateral conjugation), S. dictyospora (ladder-shaped conjugation) and S. rugulosa (ladder-shaped conjugation) are given. In total, in water bodies of the West Siberian Plain the authors found 16 species of the section Conjugata (Spirogyra bellis, S. crassa, S. daedalea, S. decimina, S. dictyospora, S. gracilis, S. hungarica, S. irregularis, S. maxima, S. mirabilis, S. neglecta, S. nitida, S. pellucida, S. rugulosa, S. setiformis, S. varians). Refs 18. Figs 3.

Information about the earliest legitimate names, authorship and typification is provided for 16 taxa described from Italy by R. Huter, P. Porta and/or G. Rigo. Lectotypes are designated for the following eight taxa: Achillea rupestris , Achillea moschata var. calcarea , Bellis margaritifolia , Cerastium campanulatum var. granulatum , Leucanthemum laciniatum , Melampyrum barbatum var. variegatum , Tanacetum tridactylites , and Vicia serinica .

Pollen was analysed in 30 unifloral Euphorbia honey samples from the Ifni Massif Region (Anti Atlas, Morocco). The honey samples were directly provided by beekeepers. The quantitative analyis showed that nectar is the main honey source in the samples studied. The qualitative analysis of the samples showed the presence of 35 taxa belonging to 17 families. The Moroccan Euphorbia honeys of the studied region are characterized by their low—medium number of pollen grains (NGP; mean = 5700), 76% of the honeys belong to Class I and II of Maurizio, and by their low honeydew indicator (HDE/NGPn 90% of the samples, followed by Bellis sp., Capsella f. and Reseda sp. (85%). However, for the E. regis-jubae honeys, the most characteristic accompanying species are Crepis f., present in 100% of the samples.

Los respectivos “lectótipos” en el herbario G-BOIS designados por Burdet y colaboradores en 1983 para los nombres Bellis pappulosa, Carduncellus hispanicus, Centaurea bombycina, Erigeron frigidus y Senecio quinqueradiatus (Compositae) deben desestimarse ya que fueron designados en contra con lo dispuesto en el Art. 9.3 del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura. Estas especies fueron descritas por Augustin Pyramus de Candolle a patir de material recolectado por Edmond Boissier, en cuyos respectivos protólogos se especifica el material usado para las descripciones y el herbario donde está conservado. Especímenes conservados en el herbario G-DC deben considerarse como holótipos para cada uno de estos nombres.

Summary Bull’s eye rot, caused by Neofabraea spp. is one of the most important fungal diseases of storage apple in Poland. The effectiveness of fungicides: Bellis 38 WG (boscalid, pyraclostrobin) and Switch 62,5 WG (cyprodinil, fludioxonil) in protection against bull’s eye rot of cultivar Shampion apples during storage and their residues in apples were investigated. The experiments were conducted in 2012− 2014. The fungicides were applied as a single, two and three applications before harvest. After 6 months of storage the biological effectiveness of the fungicides was assessed. The highest effectiveness was obtained after three applications of the tested fungicides; for Switch 62,5 WG − 96.4% in the season 2012/2013 and 92.7% in the season 2013/2014, and for Bellis 38 WG − 84.7 and 91.0%, respectively. The results of analyses of boscalid, pyraclostrobin, cyprodinil and fludioxonil residues showed that apples contained residues that exceeded 0.01 mg/kg but below European Union Maximum Residue Levels.

In the present research, the chromosome number and morphology of Bellis L. species of Turkey were analyzed. The chromosomes number are determined as Bellis sylvestris Cyr.2n: 36, Bellis perennis L....

Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (ed.): Euro+Med Notulae, 1. — Willdenowia 35: 223–239. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2005 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.35.35201 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) This is the first of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) Project are presented. Apart from the introductory notice that outlines the Euro+Med Project and explains the abbreviations used for the geographical territories as defined for the Project's purposes, it is almost entirely devoted to the Compositae family. It includes new country and area records for Artemisia, Bellis, Calendula, Delairea, Erigeron, Gazania, Hieracium, Onopordum, Senecio, Tanacetum and Volutaria taxa, and the validation of names in the genera Carduus, Caucasalia, Centaurea, Cyanus, Erigeron, Galatella, Hieracium, Klasea, Pojarkovia, Psephellus, Rhaponticoides, Rhaponticum, Senecio, Solidago, Symphyotrichum and Tephroseris. A single entry (...

In June 2004, a rust fungus not previously reported for Oklahoma was found occurring naturally on the weed, common groundsel, Senecio vulgaris, in pots in a commercial container nursery in northeastern Oklahoma. Host symptoms and morphology of teliospores and aeciospores of the fungus were consistent with those of Puccinia lagenophorae, a recent introduction into North America that has, as yet, been reported only on the East and West Coasts of the USA. This is the first report of the rust in central regions of North America. The rust is believed to be native to Australia and New Zealand and subsequently reported in most continents on numerous species and genera of the Asteraceae. Some authors in Europe consider the rust on Bellis as different from the one on Senecio, naming it Puccinia distincta. Our ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequence data, however, show homology with P. distincta sequences from Europe, indicating there is only one morphologically-variable polyphagous species. Presumably, the rust was introduced into Oklahoma on infected plants from the West Coast of the USA, the source of most plant material in the commercial nursery where it was found. The rust is potentially important on several ornamental Asteraceae in North America as it has become in Europe, where it spreads rapidly throughout that continent following its introduction there in the early 1960s.

There are six species of Bellis inhabiting the Iberian Peninsula, four of their accepted names are typified here. Bellis microcephala Lange, B. perennis L., and B. cordifolia (Kunze) Willk. are lectotypified, while an epitype is designated for B. sylvestris Cirillo. Some diagnostic characters are discussed in order to provide a proper identification of the specimens designated as types.

Phylogenetic analyses of nrITS sequences of Asteraceae revealed that the Bellis group is a natural assemblage comprising all the species of Bellis and Bellium , but not Rhynchospermum . In contrast, we propose to include the genera Bellis , Bellium , and Bellidastrum in the subtribe Bellidinae in the interest of circumscribing natural groups. Our results also suggest an early diversification in the western Mediterranean Basin of two monophyletic lineages, Bellis and Bellium . Three major groups can be distinguished within Bellis : (1) the B. perennis group, containing five annual and perennial species with three ploidy levels (diploid, octoploid, and decaploid), which are distributed throughout the Mediterranean Basin despite lack of pappus; (2) the Bellis sylvestris group, with five annual and perennial species primarily from the western Mediterranean, in which there are five ploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, octoploid, and decaploid); and (3) a basal grade consisting of three diploid, perennial species which displays remarkable diversification of morphologies. Striking characteristics, such as an annual life form, polyploidy, and loss of pappus, seem to have occurred in parallel several times and in different geographical areas during the early diversification of Bellis species in the western Mediterranean. Character evolution reconstructions allow us to describe a putative ancestor of the genus Bellis (proto- Bellis ).

Synopsis A new European species of Napomyza bred from Bellis is described, and notes are given on four other species of Napomyza.

Three British rust fungi reported to form aecia on daisy ( Bellis perennis ) are compared. A recently discovered species, possibly introduced from Australia, is identified as Puccinia distincta. It is a short-cycled - opsis form lacking uredinia, with aecia and telia confined to Bellis and its aeciospores capable of reinfecting the same host. This rust is compared with a macrocyclic heteroecious eu -form, P. obscura , which produces pycnia and aecia on Bellis and uredinia and telia on Luzula. Puccinia distincta is probably derived from and correlated with P. obscura because both species have the same aecial host, and because their teliospores are closely similar in morphology and dimensions. Comparison is extended to P. lagenophorae , a common rust with aecia and telia on Senecio spp., which has been reported to form aecia on Bellis following inoculation with aeciospores from Senecio. The repeated failure of our own reciprocal inoculation experiments using aeciospores from the two different hosts and differences in teliospore morphology between P. distincta and P. lagenophorae lead us to conclude that the current rust epidemic on daisies is caused by P. distincta which is distinct from P. lagenophorae.

We report the recent widespread occurrence in Britain of Puccinia distincta, a rust fungus on wild and cultivated daisies (Bellis perennis). The rust is short-cycled, with only aecia and telia on Bellis, and may be of Australian origin. It is very similar to, and possibly derived from, the macrocyclic P. obscura, a rust indigenous to Britain which produces pycnia and aecia on Bellis and uredinia and telia on Luzula. However, it differs from another Australian introduction, the groundsel rust (P. lagenophorae). The disease caused by P. distincta is so severe that it seriously impairs growing of ornamental daisies.

The English daisy, Bellis perennis L., is a widespread lawn weed and a bane to those who favor daisy-free lawns and golf courses. The genetic name Bellis, a designation used by Pliny, means “pretty”; perennis means “through the years,” “continuing,” or “perennial” (Gledhill 1985; Mabberley 1989). While pretty, the English daisy is a persistent weed that spreads by short stolons (Tutin et al. 1976). It is a member of the cosmopolitan family Compositae, which encompasses 1,100 genera and 25,000 species (Heywood 1993). The genus Bellis comprises about 15 European and Mediterranean species. Some of them are medicinal and some are cultivated ornamentals, especially forms of B. perennis. The signature of this species is a flower head that Closes at night and in wet weather (Tutin et al. 1976).

Entyloma calendulae has been observed for the first time in the British Isles on large garden cultivars of Bellis . This rare smut has also been observed on wild Bellis perennis and on garden marigold, Calendula officinalis in Shropshire.

VAN SUMERE et al. showed that coumarin affects the germination of wheat stem rust uredospores1, and Bellis showed2 that Penicillium jenseni and P. nigricans are able to grow on a modified Czapek's nutrient medium containing coumarin as the only one carbon source. So far as I am aware, no other experiments have been done to examine the ability of coumarin to regulate the growth of moulds*, in spite of the fact that some fungi normally produce coumarin precursors and derivatives3, and the level of coumarin-like substances increases in the fungus-attacked cell4.

Monographic studies of Aphanostephus and Achaetogeron have made it necessary to investigate some of the related genera, particularly as to the value of certain morphological characters which are used in generic differentiation. The genera are quite similar in habit but the pappus, which furnishes important diagnostic characters, varies greatly within the group and is on the whole inconspicuous. For this reason it is necessary to make microscopic studies of the minute achenial and pappus characters upon which the differentiation of genera is primarily dependent. In this connection it was desirable to study Astranthium and Keerlia in detail; and it seems advisable to put on record the results which have been obtained relative to these genera. Astranthium, a genus of the Compositae belonging to the tribe Astereae, was described by Nuttall in 1841.1 It contained but one species, A. integrifolium, based on Bellis integrifolia Michaux.2 The 'Flora of North America,' published by Torrey and Gray in 1842, relegated Astranthium to synonymy. Since that time American and Mexican species have been merged with the genus Bellis3 which is indigenous to the Old World and especially to Europe. Three South American species have been described by Vellozo4 as occurring in Brazil. Two of these, Bellis campestris Vell. and B. pedunculata Vell., may well be members of the genus Spilanthes. The relationship of the third, Bellis scandens Vell., is unknown to me. Bellis perennis L. is an attractive plant, and for this reason it has been cultivated in the north Atlantic states where it has become naturalized. The American species which have been referred hitherto to the genus Bellis are so strikingly different that it seems strange the two generic elements should have been regarded