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Sphaerocarya Dorofeev 1970, being a junior homonym of extant angiosperms Sphaerocarya Wallich 1827 (Santalaceae) and Sphaerocarya Dalzell ex de Candolle 1857 (Olacaceae), is replaced by a new name, Globocarya Doweld nom. nov. (fossil Juglandaceae). The aberrant fossil species Sphaerocarya uralensis Dorofeev is re-classified and segregated into a new distinct genus, Boreocarya Doweld, gen. nov.

When the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI; http://ifpni.org/) was established in 2014 as a global registry of scientific names of fossil organisms covered by the I International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants i ( I ICN i ; Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 2017) illustrates the situation where a fossil-genus name now applied to a fossil charophycean alga was originally described as a fossil animal prior to the starting-point of palaeobotanical nomenclature (1820, the starting-point for fossil nomenclature in the I ICN i , Art. Numerous such names were treated as available under the I ICZN i without fully referenced basionyms or replaced synonyms, in contradiction to the requirement of I ICN i Art. If a taxon originally assigned to a group not covered by this I Code i is treated as belonging to the algae or fungi, any of its names need satisfy only the requirements of the relevant other I Code i that the author was using for status equivalent to valid publication under this I Code i (but see Art. [Extracted from the article]

In order to provide a distinction between the "names" of the artificial groupings of fossil spore and pollen names from names of fossil-genera, traditionally accepted in botanical nomenclature, new special provisions are proposed below. In addition, as IFPNI has recorded, it was a usual practice to recombine species of these artificial designations into exact fossil spore or pollen genera, and vice versa: fossil species of exact fossil spore or pollen genera might be recombined under these artificial designations. Such an approach forming artificial fossil spore/pollen designations eliminated the potential nomenclatural conflict if the fossil spore/pollen genus or species would be found and described earlier than its fossil plant, because the spore/pollen designations would not then compete with the fossil-genus names established on other organs of the plant. " I Lophotriletes hirtus i " in 1953 is not therefore a fossil-species name, but merely a morphographic binary combination of species epithet and subgroup name of fossil spores, and has no standing in botanical nomenclature, even for the purposes of homonymy; it is superseded by I Lophotriletes hirtus i , validly published only in 1970 as a new combination with a validly published fossil spore genus name. [Extracted from the article]

A comprehensive nomenclatural analysis of the generic and suprageneric names used for an extinct conifer group, treated as a distinct family under the names Cheirolepidaceae, Cheirolepidiaceae or Hirmeriellaceae or a distinct order, Cheirolepidiales or Hirmeriellales, is presented. The fossil generic name Cheirolepis Schimp. (1870) is an illegitimate later homonym of the name of the extant genus Cheirolepis Boiss. (1849; Asteraceae). It has been superfluously substituted with a new generic name, Cheirolepidium Takht. (1957). The authorship and place of valid publication of Cheirolepidium is corrected based on newly discovered information. The correct generic name for these fossils is Hirmeriella Hörhammer (1933), established originally for a cone consisting of persistent bract scales lacking seed scales, because it has priority over the generic name Cheirolepidium Takht. All three fossil generic names were employed for the same fossil cone taxon, which represented different stages of maturity of the same seed cone. The inclusion of both Cheirolepis and Cheirolepidium under Hirmeriella was proposed by Jung (1968) in his formal lectotypification of the type of the genus name, Cheirolepis muensteri (≡ Brachyphyllum muensteri), with a cone specimen that was cited in the protologues of the types of both genera, Cheirolepis muensteri and Hirmeriella rhaetoliassica. The lectotypification of Cheirolepis muensteri and Hirmeriella rhaetoliassica using the same elements results in the three generic names being homotypic synonyms. As a consequence, the correct family name for the fossil conifer group is Hirmeriellaceae, to be proposed for conservation against Cheirolepidiaceae. Cheirolepidaceae is inadmissible being based on the illegitimate later homonym Cheirolepis Schimp. and thus itself illegitimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aug 1850), not when E.M. Fries had sanctioned the generic name I Mucor i , a name that had existed in botanical nomenclature since Linnaeus (l.c.) accepted and validated Micheli's (Nov. Pl. Gen.: 215. Fresenius (l.c.) described and illustrated in detail three species of the genus I Mucor i , I M. mucedo i L., I M. bifidus i Fresen. and I M. racemosus i Fresen. 14.9, I propose to change the authorship and place of publication of the conserved generic name from that of Fresenius as a conserved later homonym to that of its original publication, i.e., I Mucor i L., Sp. Pl.: 1185. [Extracted from the article]

Comptonia comptoniifolia (Brongn.) Doweld, comb. nov., based on the recently rediscovered Phyllites comptoniifolius Brongn., is reinstated based upon priority as the earliest validly published species name in place of the previously incorrectly used C. acutiloba Brongn. and C. difformis (Sternb.) E.W. Berry (Aspleniopteris difformis Sternb.; Asplenium difforme Sternb. non R. Br.). Comptonia japonica Krysht. is shown to be the earliest validly published name instead of the previously widely accepted Comptoniphyllum naumannii Nath. A new genus, Paracomptonia gen. nov., is proposed instead of the previously invalidly published Dryandrophyllum Velen., being based on the formerly segregated Comptonia subg. Avushia Zhilin, with transference of two Cretaceous Dryandra species, D. cretacea, and D. yakovlevii, and one Palaeogene species, D. schrankii, into Paracomptonia. The aberrant fossil species of Western Siberian Comptonia, based on fruit endocarps with a superficial resemblance to the extant genus, are reclassified and transferred into the recircumscribed and amplified distinct fossil genus Carpinicarpus, which is reinstated as a validly published genus instead of the anomalous Comptonia section ?Comptoniella P.I. Dorof.: Carpinicarpus debilis (V.P. Nikit.) Doweld, comb. nov., C. dorofeevii (V.P. Nikit.) Doweld, comb. nov., C. gorbunovii (P.I. Dorof.) Doweld, comb. nov., and C. tymensis (P.I. Dorof.) Doweld, comb. nov. Comptonia japonica is neotypified; Paracomptonia cretacea (Velen.) Doweld comb. nov., P. yakovlevii (Palib.) Doweld, comb. nov. and P. schrankii (Sternb.) Doweld, comb. nov. are lectotypified for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nomenclature of some fossil and extant homonyms of Typha (Typhaceae) is resolved. Fossil Typha elongata P.I. Dorofeev 1982, being an illegitimate later homonym of extant Typha elongata Pauquy 1834, is renamed T. asiatica nom. nov. Typha sibirica Krasnova 1987 (extant) is replaced by a new name, T. krasnovae nom. nov., on account of the earlier homonym, T. sibirica P.I. Dorofeev 1982 (fossil). T. transdnestrovica nom. nov. is proposed to replace the later homonym T. elliptica Negru 1976 (fossil) non T. elliptica Gmelin 1808 (extant). Fossil seeds from the Lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of Bembridge (Isle of Wight, U.K.), previously attributed to the fossil-species T. latissima, based on leaves, are described as a new fossil-species, T. latissimisperma sp. nov. Typha latissima is neotypified; Typha angustior is lectotypified for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complicated nomenclatural history of the extinct genus Cyclostigma Haught., established for arborescent trunks of presumably ancient isoetopsids (Isoetophyta: Cyclostigmatales), is reviewed and corrected with newly found bibliographic and historical data. The fossil name Cyclostigma, an illegitimate later homonym of two extant angiosperm genera, Cyclostigma Hochst. ex Endl. (Apocynaceae) nec Cyclostigma Klotzsch (Euphorbiaceae), was recently conserved and listed in App. III of ICN since the XVIII IBC in 2011. The fossil generic name Cyclostigma, associated with three species epithets and a distinct fossil family name Cyclostigmataceae ("Cyclostigmeae"), was invalidly published by Haughton in his series of works of 1859 and 1860 (reprinted several times), the genus lacking a description. Haughton's family name based on his "Cyclostigma" and the species published in this genus were also not validly published. However, the generic name Cyclostigma was validly published in a little-known publication by Haughton in 1859, not by Heer in 1871, as generally accepted in modern systematic palaeobotany, or Baily in 1861. In course of thorough nomenclatural analysis it has been shown that three fossil species names, which fell into oblivion still in the early works in the 19th century, Sigillaria dichotoma Haught. 1855, Lepidodendron griffithii Brongn. 1857 and L. minutum Haught. 1855 (non Sauveur) have priority over Cyclostigma kiltorkense Haught. 1859. Since C. kiltorkense has entered solidly into systematic palaeobotany and served as an index marker in historical geology, its retention through conservation is proposed. The nomenclature of the name Cyclostigmataceae is corrected as to be first validly published by Haughton in 1860. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of the nomenclature of the fossil genus Gyrogonites Lam. (Algae: Charophyceae) shows that the name was first treated by Lamarck (1801) as an incompletely known fossil mollusk from France. The species was given the name Gyrogonites medicaginulus because of its resemblance to the fruit of Medicago sativa (lucern). The gyrogonites were shown to be fossilized charophycean reproductive structures by Leman in 1812, now understood as calcified female gametangia preserved after the escape or the decomposition of protoplasmic material. Differences in the starting date of zoological nomenclature (1 Jannuary 1758) and that of plant fossils (1 January 1820) are resolved by Art. 45.1 of the botanical code, by which Gyrogonites is acceptable as a validly published pre-1820 fossil charophycean name even though it was originally treated as a fossil animal. Gyrogona Lam. (1805) is a superfluous renaming of Gyrogonites (still considered at that time as a zoological name for a mollusk) and therefore should be rejected under the botanical and zoological codes. The inclusion of the type of Gyrogonites in the later established fossil higher-plant genus Bechera Sternb. (1825), a repository genus for vegetative verticillate axes and reproductive organs, renders the latter genus name as nomenclaturally superfluous and illegitimate. Six fossil species of Gyrogonites are validated for the first time, 19 species and related 2 subspecies of Gyrogona are formally recombined into Gyrogonites. Two names, G. lemanii and G. oehlertii, are neotypified, and a lectotype is designated for G. wrightii. Precise dates of publication of the taxonomic works on gyrogonites of Bowdich, Brongniart, Fleming, Lamarck and Parkinson, supplementing records of Taxonomic literature II, are given for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Cycadeoidea", "C. megalophylla", "C. microphylla" and "Cycadeoideaceae" (as "Cycadeoideae") were not validly published by Buckland in his works of 1828 because his proposed fossil genus "Cycadeoidea" lacked a separate diagnosis or description. Later in 1828 Brongniart validly published the genus name Mantellia for this fossil taxon with the type being M. nidiformis Brongn., the same taxon represented by Buckland's "C. megalophylla". Later Lindley & Hutton (1832) validly published Cycadeoidea but as an illegitimate superfluous replacement name of Mantellia. The confused nomenclatural history of Mantellia (≡ Cycadeoidea) is summarized and corrected with new bibliographic and historical data. Since the illegitimate name Cycadeoidea is widely used in systematic palaeobotany for distinct spermatophyte fossils, its retention is sought through a conservation proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a porposal to maintain the nomenclature Aphanozonatisporites instead of Chroococcites, Dictyophis, Rhizostaemis and Triletes (fossil plants) for a distinct type of Carboniferous megaspore. Topics include the historical background on naming the Triletes for fossil spores, the application of the Triletes for a suprageneric, and the reason behind the misapplication of the fossil spore species of Aphanozonatisporites.

the article offers information on the conservation proposal of name of several fossil plants which includes Abiespollenites, Apiculatasporites and Cicatricosisporites. It discusses several facts related to the spelling modifications of these plant fossils which includes publication of generic names of plant fossils with spellings in palacopalynology, emphasis on the distinctness of the standardization endings sporites or pollenites and simplification of lengthy names.

The article offers information regarding proposals to conserve the names Cycadeoidea against Mantellia and C. megalophylla against M. nidiformis (fossil Spermatophyta: Cycadeoideopsida). Topics include characterization of Cycadeoidea as widely known fossil genera of modern palaeobotany, conservation of the basionym Selinum microphyllum, and distribution of Cycadeoidea plants.

The article focuses on the proposal to conserve the names Metschnikomaceae against Nectaromycetaceae and Torulopsidaceae and Metschnikowia against Torulopsis (Fungi: Ascomycota: Saccharomycetes). Topics discussed include dual nomenclature for pleomorphic fungi was discontinued by 2011 International Botanical Congress, and all legitimate names being treated equally for establishing priority.

The article discusses a proposal to maintain the use of botanical nomencatures the algae fossil Discoaster against Eu-discoaster, Helio-discoaster and Hemi-discoaster, and the names Heliodiscoaster and Hemidiscoaster. Topics include the distribution of the genus Discoaster from Palaeocene to Pliocene, the characteristics of the family Discoasteraceae, and citational discrepacy in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).

The nomenclature of the Upper Palaeozoic fossil genus Gigantopteris is reviewed. The authorship of Gigantopteris is determined to be H.T. Geyler, who published the name as a replacement name for the illegitimate later homonym, Mega-lopteris A. Schenk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the proposal to conserve the nomenclature of the species of the vascular plant species Equisetaceae, Equisetites against the species Oncylogonatum and Equisetum columnare against Oncylogonatum carbonarium with the help of the conserved fossil Equisetopsida. It mentions that scientist named Sternberg has established the generic name Equisetites for all fossil species that were formally assigned to the extant genus Equisetum and fossil family Equisetitaceae.

The article presents a proposal to conserve the name Laricoidites against Laevigata-sporites, which applies to the fossil conifer pollen genus.

The article presents requests for binding decisions on whether the names in each of the pairwise combinations between Laevigata-sporites, Laevigati-sporites and Laevigato-sporites, which all apply to fossil spore genus, are sufficiently alike to be confused.

The article presents a proposal to conserve the name of fossil plants Laevigatosporites against the hyphenated spelling Laevigata-sporites.

The article focuses on conservation of the name Trichomonas with the same spelling including genus Trichomona being considered as ambiregnal microorganism and request by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for correction of spelling of the genus Trichomonas Donne.

The article presents a proposal for conserving the current use of the fossil generic name Razumovskia. Particular focus is given to the species' geographic distribution, as well as scope of the genus. Also mentioned are taxonomic history of the species, generic homonymy of Razumovskia and Razoumofskya, and inactive use of the species' generic name during the 19th century.

The article presents a proposal for changing the author, place, and publication date of the family name Lecythidaceae. Particular focus is given to the confusion surrounding bibliographic citation of Lecythidaceae. Also mentioned are authorship correction, isonyms in botanical nomenclature, and suprageneric nomenclature.

The article presents a proposal to maintain the nomenclature for Cordaicladus instead of Palaeopteris (fossil Gymnospermae, Cordaitopsida) for a leafy twigs of extinct plants. Topics include the generic name Cladiscus based on the palaeobotanical and geological research on the Carboniferous palaeoflora of Loire, France, the use of the generic name Palaeopteris for Cordaicladus, and the result of a palaeontological work on Paleopteris.

The article discusses a proposal to maintain the nomenclature Sphenopteris princeps (Todites princeps) against Alethopteris imbricata, Pecopteris athyroides, and Germaria elymiformis (fossil Pteridophyta, Osmundopsida). Topics include the geographic distribution of the species, the recombination of Alethopteris imbricata and Sphenopteris princeps into the fossil generic name Desmophlebis and the impact of this proposal on palaeobotany and allied geological and stratigraphical literature.

The article discusses a proposal to maintain the nomenclature Polypodiisporites with that spelling instead of the plant fossil Polypodii-sporonites. Topics include the error in using the generic name Polypodii-sporonites in palaeopalynological literature, the use of Polypodiisporites in scientific citations, and the initiative to use the generic name Polypodiisporonites for the plant species.

The article discusses a proposal to maintain the nomenclature Aphlebia against Schizopteris (fossil Pteridophyta), which was created for the fossil remains of Carboniferous-Permian fern leaf fragments of foliage that grew near the base of aphlebia. Topics include the inclusion of the nomenclature into the fossil algae under the generic terms Rhacophyllum Schimp. and Pachyphyllum Lesq. and the recombination of all species names in Schizopteris under Aphlebia.

A new generic name Kiritchkovia is established for the Jurassic foliage of Siberian plants replacing Sibiriella Kiritch-kova & Kostina, 2005, which is a junior homonym of fossils Sibiriella Fajzulina, and parahomonym of fossils Siberiella Radcz. and Siberiella Korde. Two new combinations, Kiritchkovia aksarinii andKiritchkovia koltogorica, are also effected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the proposal to reject the nomenclature of the flowering plant genus Solenostrohus of the family Myrtaceae and the genus Frenelites of the family Lauraceae. It mentions that the monotypic genus Palaeorhodomyrtus was created by scientists E. Reid and M. Chandler for distinctive angiospermous fruits of the Eocene age. It states that the modern plant nomenclature of the genus Solenostrohus is assigned to a different angiosperm genus.