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Objective: To explore whether Arctigenin-Valine ester (ARG-V) can treat myelosuppression caused by chemotherapy., Methods: The number of peripheral blood cells of the mice was measured by an automatic blood analyzer, and the hematopoietic progenitor colonies CFU-GM, CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU-Meg were cultured in vitro. Hematopoietic progenitor colonies and BMNCs were counted under an inverted microscope. The expressions of cytokines GM-CSF, EPO and TPO were detected by ELISA. The cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. The expressions of related proteins MEK and p-ERK were quantitated by western blots, and the thymus index and spleen index were quantitated., Results: After taking ARG-V, the peripheral blood cells of the mice gradually returned to normal, the number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow increased, the thymus index increased, the spleen index decreased, the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells increased, and the hematopoietic cytokines decreased. And ARG-V promoted the transformation of myelosuppression cells from G0/G1 to S and from S to G2/M. ARG-V could up-regulate the expression of MEK and p-ERK, and low dose ARG-V is not as effective in all aspects as high dose ARG-V., Conclusion: ARG-V can effectively alleviate the myelosuppression that caused by intraperitoneal injection of CTX in 100mg/kg, and ARG-V can promote the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and improve immunity, and the effect of high-dose Arctigenin-Valine ester is more significant to some extent., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (R-Rg3) is a kind of ginseng glycol tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin, which is a recognized traditional Chinese medicine monomer and has the action of inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells. Objectives: The goal of our experiment was to investigate the protective function of R-Rg3 on chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice. Materials and Methods: Cyclophosphamide (CTX) was injected into the intraperitoneal (i.p.) to establish the mice myelosuppression model. We measured the number of peripheral blood cells (PBCs), and the number of bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) was counted. Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) were cultured in vitro, and the amount of cell colonies was recorded at different times. Then ELISA was used to detect the levels of hematopoietic-related cytokines and flow cytometry was employed to test cell cycle. The network pharmacology was used to predict the main pathways of action. Furthermore, the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT5 was detected via western blotting. Results: The experimental outcomes showed that R-Rg3 could improve the amount of PBCs in mice with myelosuppression, increase the quantity of karyota cells in bone marrow, and enhance the proliferation of HPCs and adjust the content of hematopoietic-related cytokines. Moreover, the JAK–STAT signaling pathway may be the key to the role of R-Rg3. Conclusion: All of these results implied that R-Rg3 might be a therapeutic agent for myelosuppression after chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • It is the first time to study the compatibility of Acanthopanax senticosus and Ligustrum lucidum in the treatment of myelosuppression. • It is proved that the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine is increased after compatibility, reaching the effect of 1 + 1 > 2. • A method for the determination of multi-components was established, and the pharmacodynamic material basis was found. Abstract This study investigated the combination effects of the Acanthopanax senticosus - Ligustrum lucidum (AS-LL) herb pair on bone marrow suppression caused by chemotherapy. A bone marrow suppression model was established by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of cyclophosphamide (CTX, 100 mg/kg). The changes in chemical composition between the AS-LL decocted together and single were analyzed, and their effects on the bone marrow nucleated cells, peripheral blood, thymus and spleen indices, in vitro hematopoietic cell culture, ELISA and cell cycle were detected. The results showed that the contents of the main active components, such as salidroside, isofraxidin and specnuezhenide in the sample of AS-LL decocted together, increased significantly compared to singles. Moreover, AS-LL decocted together exhibited a significantly better therapeutic effect on myelosuppression induced by CTX than AS and LL alone. AS-LL decocted together significantly increased the number of bone marrow nucleated cells and displayed a good regulatory effect on peripheral blood (p < 0.01), while significantly increased the thymus index (p < 0.01) and decreased the spleen index (p < 0.01). AS-LL significantly promoted the formation of cell colonies (p < 0.05), the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and played a positive regulatory role in hematopoietic factors. AS-LL also reduced the proportion of G0/G1 cells, increased the ratio of S and G2/M cells, and increased the cell proliferation index (PI). All these results implied that AS-LL decocted together might be a promising food additives and therapeutic agent for myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different doses of Angelica sinensis can affect the dissolution of ginsenosides. • Panax ginseng-Angelica sinensis (GA) co-decoction can ameliorate myelosuppression. • Different proportions of GA compatibility have different effects on myelosuppression. To study the changes of ginsenoside content in different proportion of Panax ginseng-Angelica sinensis (GA) co-decoction, and to explore the amelioration of hematopoietic function in mice after combined use of the two drugs. The active ingredient profiles in P. ginseng single decoction and co-decoction of GA were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental pharmacology method was used to explore the effect of GA co-decoction on the hematopoietic function of chemotherapy mice. The active ingredient profiles of the co-decoction of GA significantly changed compared with those of the single decoction. Compared with GA1:0 (single decoction of Panax ginseng), the routine ginsenosides of all proportions of GA decreased significantly, but the proportion of rare ginsenosides increased significantly. The changes of contents of rare ginsenosides of GA were basically consistent with the trends of effects on the myelosuppression induced by CY. Compared with the model group, GA significantly increased the number of bone marrow nucleated cells, thymus index, peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets, and significantly reduced the spleen index. Moreover, GA could promote G1 phase bone marrow cells to enter the cell cycle, increase the proportion of S phase cells and G2/M phase cells, and increase the cell proliferation index. GA can ameliorate the hematopoietic function of mice after chemotherapy, and GA2:3, GA3:2 were the best, which may be due to the changes of the pharmacodynamic material basis of GA after compatibility. All these results implied that GA may be an ideal drug and food supplement for the treatment of toxic and side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]