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Despite known positive association between body mass and bone mineral density (BMD), relative contribution of fat and lean tissue to BMD remains under debate. We aimed at investigating the effect of selected anthropometric parameters, including fat content and lean body mass (LBM) on BMD in postmenopausal, osteoporotic women with body mass index (BMI) > 20 kg/m(2). The study involved 92 never-treated women (mean age 69.5 ± 7.3). L1-L4 and femoral neck (FN) BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Absolute (kg) and relative (%) fat and LBM were assessed by means of electric bioimpedance method. We showed both FN and L1-L4 BMD were positively correlated with body mass, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and LBM (kg). Fat content correlated with FN BMD (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed the only predictor of L1-L4 BMD was LBM (R(2) = 0.18, p < 0.05), for FN--both LBM and fat (R(2) = 0.18, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Of the women, 44.5% were overweight, 18.4% obese. Obese women displayed the highest BMD. Both L1-L4 and FN BMD were higher in women with WC > 80 cm. In postmenopausal osteoporotic women with BMI > 20 kg/m(2) both fat and lean tissue might contribute to BMD. Positive association between body mass and BMD does not make obesity and osteoporosis mutually exclusive., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Graves' (GD) hyperthyroidism leads to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) accompanied by accelerated bone turnover. Ample studies have identified association between estrogen receptor (ESR1) gene polymorphism and decreased BMD and osteoporosis. In contrast, number of publications that link ESR1, BMD and Graves' disease is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between ESR1 polymorphisms and BMD in premenopausal women with GD and to determine whether ESR1 polymorphic variants can predispose to GD. The study included 75 women aged 23-46 years with GD and 163 healthy controls. BMD was measured at lumbar spine and femoral neck. We investigated two SNPs in the ESR1 gene and analyzed genetic variants in the form of haplotypes reconstructed by statistical method. Three out of four possible haplotypes of the PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms were found in GD patients: px (55.3 %), PX (33.3 %) and Px (11.4 %). Women homozygous for xx of XbaI and for pp of PvuII had the lowest BMD at lumbar spine. Moreover, the px haplotype predisposed to reduced lumbar BMD. No associations were observed for femoral neck BMD. No statistically significant relationship were found between ESR1 polymorphisms or their haplotypes and GD. These results indicate that the PvuII and the XbaI polymorphisms of ESR1 gene are associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women with GD and may help to estimate the risk of bone loss particularly at lumbar spine. However, none of the ESR1 gene alleles predict the risk of GD in Polish female patients.

Introduction: Contemporary understanding of osteoporosis is based on the assessment of fracture risk. Evaluation of clinical risk factors of fracture with or without densitometry (DEXA) allows to identify patients requiring pharmacological treatment., Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the usefulness of DEXA in assessment of fracture risk in women >50 years old., Materials and Methods: In 296 previously untreated for osteoporosis women of Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic aged 50 to 85 years (mean 68.8+/-7.8) 10-year fracture risk using FRAX tool was computed from clinical risk factors alone (FRAX, FRAX hip) and after measurement of BMD (FRAX BMD). Then FRAX parameters were compared in 4 age categories. Fracture risk was confronted with therapeutic thresholds proposed in Poland., Results: 10-year fracture risk by FRAX increased with age. The most frequent risk factors were: previous fracture and family history of fractures. FRAX and FRAX BMD were significantly different in the 50-59 year-olds and 60-69 year-olds. Statistically significant difference was found for FRAX hip and FRAX hip BMD in 50-59 year old women. FRAX and FRAXhip were better predictors of fractures than FRAX BMD in patients >80 years old. In 50-79 year old women qualification for treatment was more effective when risk was assessed according to FRAX BMD. DEXA performance did not change the number of women over 80 who were eligible for treatment according to FRAX., Conclusions: BMD is crucial for the 10-year risk assessment in 50-69 year-olds without previous fracture, as an increasing number of patients need therapy. In >80 year old women clinical risk factors alone are sufficient to make therapeutic decisions. DEXA in these women has no influence on the risk of future fractures, including hip fracture. In 60-69 women with previous fracture DEXA is a good predictor for future fractures but has no value as far as therapeutic decisions are concerned.

Unlabelled: Graves' (GD) hyperthyroidism induces accelerated bone turnover that leads to decreased bone mineral density (BMD). The role of the VDR gene in predisposition to primary osteoporosis has been recognized. Recent studies show associations between the VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Here we analyzed if VDR gene polymorphisms: BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI may predispose women with Graves' hyperthyroidism to BMD reduction or to disease development. The subjects were 75 premenopausal female Polish patients with GD and 163 healthy women. The genotyping was performed by the use of the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). We studied the association of the VDR polymorphisms and their haplotypes with patients' BMD and also SNPs and haplotypes association with Graves' disease. We found a strong linkage disequilibrium for the BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphims that formed three most frequent haplotypes in Graves' women: baT (47.9%), BAt (34.9%), and bAT (16.4%). We did not show statistically significant association of analyzed VDR polymorphisms or haplotypes with decreased bone mineral density in Graves' patients. However, the presence of F allele had a weak tendency to be associated with Graves' disease (with OR=1.93; 95% CI: 0.97-3.84; p=0.058)., In Conclusion: VDR gene polymorphisms do not predict the risk of decreased BMD in Polish women with Graves'. It may be speculated that the F allele carriers of the VDR-FokI polymorphism are predisposed to Graves' disease development.