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Bone broth has recently gained worldwide recognition as a superfood that supplements several nutrients lacking in modern human diets; however, little is known of its efficacy on osteoporosis. Therefore, we aimed to identify the components of chicken–vegetable bone broth (CVBB) that are associated with osteoporosis prevention and verified the efficacy of these components using in vivo studies. In biochemical and cell biological experiments, CVBB was fractionated using ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and the effect of each IEC fraction on osteoclast differentiation was evaluated based on tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, TRAP staining, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis using mouse macrophage‐like cells (RAW264 cell). In animal experiments, an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was generated, followed by whole bone broth (OVX/CVBB) or IEC fraction (OVX/CVBB‐Ext) administration and bone structural parameter characterization of OVX rat tibia based on micro‐CT. Four CVBB fractions were obtained using IEC, and the fraction containing both hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate (CVBB‐Ext) led to the maximum inhibition of RAW264 cell differentiation. CVBB‐Ext downregulated the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes. In animal experiments, the OVX group showed a clear decrease in bone density compared to that in the Sham operation group. The OVX/CVBB and OVX/CVBB‐Ext groups showed increased bone mineral density and bone volume/tissue volume values compared to those in the OVX/control group. These results suggested that CVBB and CVBB‐Ext slowed osteoporosis progression. Therefore, we conclude that hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in CVBB are key substances that impede osteoporosis progression. Practical Application: This study provides practical information on the effects of bone broth ingredients on osteoporosis to expand the current knowledge on the efficacy of bone broth, which is a widely consumed food. These results may help in the future development of bone broth as a dietary supplement for managing osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]