Search

The VIPIC1 readout integrated circuit was designed for X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy experiments that are typically performed using mono-energetic (8 keV) X-rays at a synchrotron radiation facility. The device is a pixel detector with sparsification and parallel readout from the groups, yielding high timing resolution. Recent improvements in bonding alignment of wafers resulted in deliveries of 3D bonded wafers. The stacks, bonded with both the Cu-Cu thermo-compression method and the Cu DBI bonding method, yielded operational devices that have been tested. Chips (with a pixel pitch of 80~\mu\m) were also bonded to silicon pixelated sensors (with a pixel pitch of 100~\mu\m) and the assemblies were exposed to X-ray sources for the first time. The paper focuses on the test results, including the calibrated noise (ENC) and the conversion gain. The noise measured corresponded to 39~\e^ - and 70~\e^ - , respectively for the readout channels that were not connected and connected to the sensor diodes. The conversion gain varied from 43 to 52~\mu\V/e^ - as a function of the bias current in the front-end block. Essentially all the pixels on a small prototype were operational. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Vertically Integrated Photon Imaging Chip (VIPIC) project explores opportunities of the three-dimensional integration for imaging of X-rays. The design details of the VIPIC1 chip are presented and are followed by results of testing of the chip. The VIPIC1 chip was designed in a 130 nm process, in which through silicon vias are embedded right after the front-end-of-line processing. The integration of tiers is achieved by the Cu-Cu thermo-compression or Cu-based oxide-oxide bonding. The VIPIC1 readout integrated circuit was designed for high timing resolution, pixel based, X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy experiments typically using 8 keV X-rays at a synchrotron radiation facility. The design was done for bonding a Silicon pixel detector, however other materials can be serviced as long as the positive polarity of charge currents is respected. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]