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The article presents a review study that explores the importance of intertwin estimated fetal weight (EFW) and crown rump length (CRL) discordance for predicting the adverse perinatal outcome in monochorionic and dichorionic diamniotic gestations. Topics covered include the occurrence of discordant twin growth, the unique aspects of monochorionic twins, and the estimated fetal weight discordance and perinatal outcome. It also discusses crown-rump length discordance and perinatal outcome.

Objective. To investigate the plasma viscosity in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design. Patients with PCOS and healthy controls were assessed for plasma viscosity. The acquired data were tested for association with hyperandrogenemia, obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with PCOS. Plasma viscosity was determined by a viscometer Type 53610/I SCHOTT-Instruments, Mainz at 37°C. Patients. The study included 96 young women with PCOS and 72 healthy controls. Main outcome measures. Plasma viscosity and IR. Results. Plasma viscosity was 1.243 ± 0.67 mm2/s in the control group and 1.252 ± 0.82 in women with PCOS (p = 0.416). Using multiple regression analysis, total protein (B = 0.348, p = 0.005), area under curve for insulin (B = 0.320, p = 0.011) and BMI (B = 0.315, p = 0.013) were proven to be significantly correlated to plasma viscosity. Plasma viscosity was significantly increased in women with PCOS with IR compared to matched for age and BMI PCOS women without IR (1.300 ± 0.055 vs. 1.231 ± 0.049 mm2/s) (p = 0.004). Conclusion. Young women with PCOS presented a plasma viscosity that was increased by obesity and IR. Therefore, clinical management of young overweight women with PCOS with IR should always include a serious reduction in body weight and the use of oral contraceptive treatment with cautious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To assess total, active and active to total serum ghrelin ratio in normal weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in healthy ovulatory control women.Study design: The study included 50 normal weight women with PCOS with a mean age of 23.70±4.99 years and 10 control women with a mean age of 30±5.80 years. The diagnosis of PCOS was based on the presence of biochemical hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology according to the Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Serum total and active ghrelin were measured by RIA, using commercially available kits. Results: A significantly lower serum active/total ghrelin ratio was noted in the more severe form of PCOS with hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology. Both total and active serum ghrelin levels were negatively correlated to hirsutism score, to plasma glucose levels and to QUICKI and HOMA-IR indices of Insulin Resistance. A statistically significant difference was detected between the more severe and the milder forms of PCOS, concerning serum levels of total ghrelin (p =0.017), active ghrelin (p =0.007) and the active/total ghrelin ratio (p =0.026). Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrate an altered active to total ghrelin ratio, as well as a tendency towards lower both total and active fasting serum ghrelin levels in normal weight PCOS, more pronounced in the more severe forms of the syndrome. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]