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Objective: The effect of body composition change on the risk of dementia is not clear. This study analyzed the associations of changes in predicted lean body mass index (pLBMI), predicted appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (pASMI), and predicted body fat mass index (pBFMI) with the risk of dementia., Methods: In this nationwide cohort study, data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The exposure was defined as changes in pLBMI, pASMI, and pBFMI derived from validated prediction equations. The outcome was dementia, defined based on the dementia diagnosis with prescription of anti-dementia medication. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to obtain the hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval for risk of dementia according to changes in predicted body composition., Results: A total of 13,215,208 individuals with no prior record of dementia who underwent health screenings twice between 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 were included. A 1-kg/m 2 increase in pLBMI and pASMI had an association with reduced risk of dementia (aHR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.84-0.87; aHR: 0.70, 95% CI 0.69-0.72, respectively for men, and aHR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.67-0.71; aHR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.57-0.61, respectively for women). A 1-kg/m 2 increase in pBFMI had an association with a raised risk of dementia (aHR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.17-1.21 for men and aHR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.48-1.57 for women). These results remained consistent regardless of sex or weight change., Interpretation: Increase in pLBMI or pASMI, or reduction in pBFMI was linked to lower risk of dementia., (© 2024 The Author(s). Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association.)

Association between body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in cancer survivors is not clearly established. This study analyzed the prediagnosis BMI-CHD association by examining 13,500 cancer survivors identified from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2009 including the patients who were free of cardiovascular disease at enrollment. The Cox proportional hazards model (adjusted for socioeconomic, health behavior, health status, and medical characteristics) was used for calculating hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for CHD in each prediagnosis BMI category among cancer survivors. Compared to cancer survivors with a prediagnosis BMI between 18.5 and 22.9 kg/m 2 , those with a prediagnosis BMI of 23.0-24.9 kg/m 2 and ≥ 25.0 kg/m 2 had significantly higher CHD risk (HR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.13-2.01 and HR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04-1.84, respectively). Cancer survivors with a low prediagnosis BMI (< 18.5 kg/m 2 ) also had significantly higher CHD risk (HR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.20-3.24) compared to those with a BMI of 18.5-22.9 kg/m 2 . Similar associations were found after stratifying analyses based on first cancer site and sociodemographic and medical characteristic subgroups. Our study suggests that prediagnosis underweight among patients with cancer is a predictor of CHD risk.

Background The combined effect of transitions of metabolic health and weight on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association of concurrent changes of metabolic health and weight on CVD over time. Methods and Results The study population consisted of 205 394 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Metabolic health was determined by fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure levels, while obesity was determined by body mass index. All participants were divided into either metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese, metabolically unhealthy nonobese, or metabolically unhealthy obese for each of the first (2002-2003) and second (2004-2005) health screening periods, after which participants were followed-up for CVD from 2006 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs. Among initial MHNO participants, those who became metabolically healthy obese (aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10-1.41), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (aHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.15-1.31), and metabolically unhealthy obese (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12-1.61) had elevated risk for CVD compared with those who remained MHNO. Conversely, improving metabolic health and obesity were associated with reduced CVD risk among initially metabolically unhealthy nonobese to secondary MHNO (aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84), metabolically unhealthy obese to MHNO (aHR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.81), and metabolically unhealthy obese to metabolically healthy obese (aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66-0.80) participants. Conclusions Changes toward metabolically unhealthy or obese states resulted in increased CVD risk. Improving metabolic health along with reducing weight may lead to decreased risk of CVD.

Background: The association between handgrip strength combined with body mass index (BMI) and cognitive impairment has not been thoroughly examined. We aimed to investigate whether the relationship between handgrip strength and risk of cognitive impairment is altered by the presence of obesity in older women., Methods: A total of 544 older women aged over 65 years without cognitive impairment from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) were included in the study. Handgrip strength was classified in a binary manner (weak or strong) or in tertiles and obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , in accordance with the Asia-Pacific World Health Organization criteria. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a Korean Mini-mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score of less than 24 after eight years of follow-up., Results: Strong handgrip strength was associated with reduced likelihood of developing cognitive impairment compared to weak handgrip strength in obese women (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 0.23, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.08-0.66). The highest tertile of handgrip strength was associated with reduced risk of incident cognitive impairment (aOR 0.16, 95% CI 0.04-0.70), compared to the lowest tertile of handgrip strength in obese women, with a significant linear trend (p for trend = 0.016). Furthermore, the highest tertile of handgrip strength was significantly associated with smaller decline in K-MMSE scores compared to the lowest tertile of handgrip strength in obese women (p value = 0.009). There was no association between handgrip strength and incident cognitive impairment in non-obese women., Conclusions: Strong handgrip strength was associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment among obese women, but not in non-obese women. Handgrip strength may be a simple and useful marker for predicting future cognitive impairment among obese women.

Importance: Previous studies have shown a U- or J-shaped association of body mass index (BMI) or change in BMI with coronary heart disease (CHD) among middle-aged and elderly adults. However, whether a similar association exists among young adults is unclear., Objective: To determine whether an association exists between BMI or BMI change with CHD among young adults., Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based longitudinal study used data obtained by the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2002 to 2015. The study population comprised 2 611 450 men and women aged between 20 and 39 years who underwent 2 health examinations, the first between 2002 and 2003 and the second between 2004 and 2005., Exposures: World Health Organization Western Pacific Region guideline BMI categories of underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese grade 1, and obese grade 2 derived during the first health examination and change in BMI calculated during the second health examination., Main Outcomes and Measures: Body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). Absolute risks (ARs), adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs), and 95% CIs for acute myocardial infarction or CHD during follow-up from 2006 to 2015., Results: Data from 1 802 408 men with a mean (SD) age of 35.1 (4.8) years and 809 042 women with a mean (SD) age of 32.5 (6.3) years were included. The mean (SD) BMI was 23.2 (3.2) for the total population, 24.0 (3.0) for men, and 21.4 (2.9) for women. Compared with normal weight men, overweight (AR, 1.38%; aHR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.14-1.22]), obese grade 1 (AR, 1.86%; aHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.41-1.50]), and obese grade 2 (AR, 2.69%; aHR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.86-2.08]) men had an increased risk of CHD (P < .001 for trend). Similarly, compared with normal weight women, overweight (AR, 0.77%; aHR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.24-1.46]), obese grade 1 (AR, 0.95%; aHR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.39-1.66]), and obese grade 2 (AR, 1.01%; aHR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.34-2.01]) women had an increased risk of CHD (P < .001 for trend). Compared with participants who maintained their weight at normal levels, those who became obese had elevated CHD risk among men (0.35% increase in AR; aHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.17-1.55]) and women (0.13% increase in AR; aHR, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.95-1.82]). Weight loss to normal levels among obese participants was associated with reduced CHD risk for men (0.58% decrease in AR; aHR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.64-0.94]) and women (0.57% decrease in AR; aHR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.45-0.98])., Conclusions and Relevance: Obesity and weight gain were associated with elevated risk of CHD among young adults in this study. Studies that prospectively determine the association between weight change and CHD risk are needed to validate these findings.

Objective: Previous studies on the relationship between birth weight and obesity in adolescents have mostly been conducted within Western populations and have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate the association between birth weight, obesity, fat mass and lean mass in Korean adolescents using the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES V)., Methods: The study population consisted of a total of 1304 (693 men and 611 women) participants aged between 12 and 18 years. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were calculated by multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine the association between birth weight and being overweight or obese. Furthermore, adjusted mean values for body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) according to birth weight were calculated by multiple linear regression analyses., Results: Individuals within the highest 25th percentile in birth weight were more likely to be overweight (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.76) compared with adolescents within the 25th and 75th percentile in birth weight. Female adolescents who were in the highest 25th percentile in birth weight were more likely to be obese (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.41) compared with those within the 25th and 75th percentile in birth weight. Increasing FMI, but not LMI was associated with increasing birth weight (P for trend: 0.03). This tendency remained only in female population in sex-stratified analysis (P for trend: 0.03)., Conclusions: High birth weight may lead to obesity and increased fat mass, but not lean mass. Adolescents born with high birth weight may benefit from close weight monitoring and early intervention against obesity., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)

Purpose Male cancer survivors have a higher risk of cancer than the general population, which might be caused by an increased prevalence of obesity or susceptibility to obesity-related carcinogenesis. We assessed the effects of obesity before the diagnosis of a first cancer on the development of secondary primary cancers (SPCs). Methods The study population consisted of 239,615 Korean male cancer survivors between January 2003 and December 2010. Incident SPCs were assessed throughout follow-up until December 2011. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios of SPCs associated with prediagnosis body mass index (BMI), which were compared with those of first cancers in all cohort participants. Results After 1,614,583 person-years of follow-up, we observed 4,799 patients with SPC. The age-standardized incidence rate of cancer in cancer survivors was 1.1 times higher than that of the general population. We found positive linear trends between prediagnosis BMI and risk of all-combined, colorectal, liver, lymphoma, biliary tract, kidney, and obesity-related SPCs. The magnitude of the BMI-SPC risk association in male cancer survivors was stronger than that for first cancers in the general population, whereas the mean BMI was similar in both groups. In the severely obese category (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ), the adjusted hazard ratios for SPCs among cancer survivors (1.41; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.74) were significantly higher than those for first cancers among all cohort participants (1.12; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.16; P heterogeneity < .01). Conclusion Prediagnosis obesity is a risk factor for overall and individual SPCs, and the strength of the BMI-cancer association is slightly stronger in male cancer survivors than in the general population.

Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive function is a public health issue. This study investigated the relationship between obesity and cognitive impairment which was assessed by the Korean version of the Mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) among mid- and old-aged people in South Korea., Methods: A cohort of 5,125 adults, age 45 or older with normal cognitive function (K-MMSE≥24) at baseline (2006), was derived from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) 2006~2012. The association between baseline BMI and risk of cognitive impairment was assessed using multiple logistic regression models. We also assessed baseline BMI and change of cognitive function over the 6-year follow-up using multiple linear regressions., Results: During the follow-up, 358 cases of severe cognitive impairment were identified. Those with baseline BMI≥25 kg/m2 than normal-weight (18.5≤BMI<23 kg/m2) were marginally less likely to experience the development of severe cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.52 to 1.03; Ptrend = 0.03). This relationship was stronger among female (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40 to 1.00; Ptrend = 0.01) and participants with low-normal K-MMSE score (MMSE: 24-26) at baseline (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.98; Ptrend<0.01). In addition, a slower decline of cognitive function was observed in obese individuals than those with normal weight, especially among women and those with low-normal K-MMSE score at baseline., Conclusion: In this nationally representative study, we found that obesity was associated with lower risk of cognitive decline among mid- and old-age population.

We aimed to investigate how underweight affects the incidence of fractures, as well as the influence of cumulative, longitudinal periods of low body mass index (BMI) and changes in body weight on fracture development. Data on adults aged 40-year and over who had three health screenings between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2009 were used to determine the incidence of new fractures. The hazard ratios (HRs) for new fractures depending on BMI, total cumulative number of underweight, and weight change over time were calculated using Cox proportional hazard analysis. In this study, 15,955 (2.8%) of the 561,779 adults were diagnosed with fractures more than once over three health examinations. The fully adjusted HR for fractures in underweight individuals was 1.173 (95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.093–1.259). Underweight individuals diagnosed only once, twice, or three times had an adjusted HR of 1.227 (95%CI 1.130–1.332), 1.174 (95%CI 1.045–1.319), and 1.255 (95%CI 1.143–1.379), respectively. Although the adjusted HR was higher in adults who consistently had underweight (HR; 1.250 [95%CI 1.146–1.363]), those with underweight had an increased risk of fractures regardless of weight change (HR; 1.171 [95%CI 1.045–1.312], and 1.203[95%CI 1.075–1.346]). Underweight is a risk factor for fractures in adults over the age of 40 years, even if they returned to normal weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is protective of bone health; however, abdominal obesity is associated with a higher fracture risk. Little is known about whether body composition protects or adversely affects osteoporotic fractures because of practical issues regarding assessment tools. This study aimed to evaluate the association of predicted body composition with fracture risk to determine the distinctive and differing effects of muscle or fat mass on bone health outcomes in the general population. Methods: This population‐based, longitudinal cohort study used 2009–2010 Korean National Health Insurance Service data and follow‐up data from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013, to determine the incidence of osteoporotic fracture (total, spine, and non‐spine) defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. The study participants were aged ≥50 years (men, 158 426; women, 131 587). The predicted lean body mass index (pLBMI), appendicular skeletal muscle index (pASMI), and body fat mass index (pBFMI) were used to assess body composition, using anthropometric prediction equations. Results: Over a 3 year follow‐up, we identified 2350 and 6175 fractures in men and women, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 60.2 ± 8.3 and 60.7 ± 8.4 years in men and women, respectively. In a multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model, increasing pLBMI or pASMI was significantly associated with a decreased risk of total fractures in men and women. When comparing individuals in the lowest pLBMI and pASMI (reference groups), men with the highest pLBMI and pASMI had adjusted hazard ratios of 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.83] and 0.62 (95% CI 0.47–0.82), and women with the highest pLBMI and pASMI had adjusted hazard ratios of 0.72 (95% CI 0.60–0.85) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.60–0.85), respectively, for total fractures. The pBFMI had no significant association with total fractures in men or women. Regarding sex‐specific or site‐specific differences, the protective effects of the pLBMI and pASMI on fractures were greater in men and reduced the risk of spinal fractures. An increased pBFMI was associated with an increased risk of spinal fractures in women. Conclusions: An increased pLBMI or pASMI was significantly associated with decreased total osteoporotic fracture risk; however, the pBFMI showed no statistically significant association. Muscle mass was more important than fat mass in preventing future osteoporotic fractures based on anthropometric prediction equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association of fluctuations in body mass index with cardiovascular risk in long-term is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate cardiovascular outcomes of weight fluctuation. Total of 67,101 obese adults from the Korean National Health Insurance Service who received health examinations in three separate biennial periods were included. Participants were followed up from January 1, 2008 to the date of cardiovascular disease, death, or December 31, 2015, and categorized into 9 distinctive groups according to the BMI. Continuous weight gain showed an increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR], 2.36; P = 0.007), whereas weight loss after weight maintenance (HR, 0.91; P = 0.016) and weight maintenance after weight loss (HR, 0.91; P = 0.004) were ameliorative compared to the no weight change group. As for coronary heart disease, weight maintenance after weight gain was unfavorable (HR, 1.25; P = 0.004) while weight loss after weight maintenance (HR, 0.82; P < 0.001), weight cycling (HR, 0.83; P = 0.043), and weight maintenance after weight loss (HR, 0.88; P = 0.012) were beneficial. Weight maintenance after weight loss is beneficial for obese adults in terms of cardiovascular risks. In addition, weight loss is in part related to reduced risk of coronary heart disease despite weight cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The disruption of circadian rhythm has been found to associate with obesity in vivo and in vitro. Sleep duration, eating habits, total feeding time, and nightshift work can also affect circadian rhythms. This study investigated the association between misalignment of circadian rhythm and obesity in Korean men, using a cross-sectional database. Methods: This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), whose study population was 3,658 men aged 18 to 60 years. General and abdominal obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 90 cm, respectively. Circadian rhythm factors were determined with a self-report questionnaire and included breakfast frequency, sleep duration, and work time. Frequency of breakfast was divided into regular breakfast (five to seven times a week) and irregular breakfast (less than five times a week). Sleep duration was divided into less than 7 hours, 7–9 hours, and over 9 hours. Working time was defined as day/evening, night shift, and other type. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for general and abdominal obesity were calculated using multivariable logistic regression according to the number of factors that disturb the circadian rhythm. Results: Participants with 1 (aOR 1.34, 95% Cl 1.10–1.61) and ≥2 (aOR 1.62, 95% Cl 1.29–2.05) factors disturbing circadian rhythms were associated with elevated risk for general obesity. Similarly, those with 1 (aOR 1.33, 95% Cl 1.09–1.63) and ≥2 (aOR 1.70, 95% Cl 1.32–2.20) factors had elevated risk for abdominal obesity. Conclusions: Factors disturbing the circadian rhythm were associated with general and abdominal obesity. Additional studies are needed, and associations with metabolic diseases should be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity induces left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and ultimately causes heart failure. Sarcopenic obesity is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the precise mechanism by which sarcopenic obesity is related to HFpEF is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the combined effect of sarcopenia (SP) and obesity on left ventricular diastolic function and exercise capacity. This study included 733 healthy subjects who underwent health check-ups in a tertiary hospital in Korea. All participants were categorized into four groups: non-SP/non-obese, SP/non-obese, non-SP/obese, and SP/obese. Comprehensive echocardiography with cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed. Diastolic dysfunction was defined as an E/e' ratio ≥ 10. Across SP and obesity groups, a gradual decrease in e' velocity and an increase in the E/e' ratio was noted after adjustment for age and sex. Furthermore, a gradual decrease in percent-predicted peak VO 2 was observed across the groups. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the SP/obese group had the highest risk for diastolic dysfunction (OR 4.27, 95% CI 2.41–7.57), followed by the non-SP/obese group (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.57–5.29) and the SP/non-obese group (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.01–3.56) compared with the reference (non-SP/non-obese) group even after controlling for various confounders. Sarcopenic obesity was associated with impaired diastolic function and decreased exercise capacity, suggesting a possible mechanism by which sarcopenic obesity contributes to the development of HFpEF. • Sarcopenic obesity was associated with impaired diastolic function and exercise intolerance. • The present study highlighted the importance of measuring body composition in the reclassification of obese populations. • Our data implied the possibility of both obesity and sarcopenia as targets for the prevention of HFpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI) before the diagnosis of the first primary cancer on the development of secondary primary cancers (SPCs) in female cancer survivors. Methods: This study population included 146 377 Korean female cancer survivors whose first primary cancer was diagnosed between 2002 and 2010. The incidence of SPCs was evaluated throughout follow‐up until December 2011. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios of SPCs with prediagnosis BMI and compared it to those of first cancers in the general population. Results: After 565 877 person‐years of follow‐up, 2222 patients with SPC were observed. The higher BMI was more in female cancer survivors than in general population. The age‐standardized incidence rate of cancer in cancer survivors was 2.02 times higher than that of the general population. There were positive linear trends between prediagnosis BMI and risk of overall, colorectal, ovary, thyroid, and obesity‐related SPCs. In addition, the BMI‐SPC risk association was statistically significant in female cancer survivors without smoking history (Ptrend = 0.001) and with a localized first primary cancer (Ptrend = 0.014). However, the magnitude of the BMI‐SPC risk association was similar to that for first cancers in the general population (Pheterogeneity = 0.403 in BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Conclusions: In female cancer survivors, prediagnosis obesity was a risk factor for overall, individual, and obesity‐related SPCs. However, the magnitude of the BMI‐SPC risk association was similar to that for first cancers in the general population. In this Korean national cohort study, which included 146 377 Korean female cancer survivors whose first primary cancer was diagnosed between 2002 and 2010, the age‐standardized incidence rate of cancer in cancer survivors was higher than that of the general population. However, the magnitude of the body mass index (BMI)‐SPC risk association was similar to that for first cancers in the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although the concern about coffee-associated health problems is increasing, the effect of coffee on osteoporosis is still conflicting. This study aimed to determine the relationship between coffee consumption and bone health in Korean postmenopausal women. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed using a nationally representative sample of the Korean general population. All 4,066 postmenopausal women (mean age 62.6 years) from the fourth and fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011), who completed the questionnaire about coffee consumption and had data of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using DXA at the femoral neck and lumbar spine and osteoporosis was defined by World Health Organization T-score criteria in addition to self-report of current anti-osteoporotic medication use. Results: After adjusting for various demographic and lifestyle confounders (including hormonal factors), subjects in the highest quartile of coffee intake had 36% lower odds for osteoporosis compared to those in the lowest quartile (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–0.95; P for trend = 0.015). This trend was consistent in osteoporosis of lumbar spine and femoral neck (aOR = 0.65 and 0.55; P for trend = 0.026 and 0.003, respectively). In addition, age- and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine increased with higher coffee intake (P for trend = 0.019 and 0.051, respectively). Conclusions: Coffee consumption may have protective benefits on bone health in Korean postmenopausal women in moderate amount. Further, prospective studies are required to confirm this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research which examined the proper way of managing acute calcific tendinitis around the hip joint. Topics covered include the examination of duration of the symptoms of the condition as well as identification of the exact location of calcific tendinitis. Also mentioned is the importance of surgical treatments to patients who have this condition.

In a cohort of 190,599 participants from The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening (NHIS-HEALS) study, we investigated the association of changes in the predicted body composition and metabolic profiles with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the general population, which was hitherto incompletely elucidated. At baseline and follow-up examinations, the body composition, including lean body mass (LBM), body fat mass (BFM), and appendicular skeletal mass (ASM), were estimated using a prediction equation, and the risk of MetS was analyzed according to relative body composition changes. An increase in relative LBM and ASM decreased the risk of MetS in men and women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.78 and 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77–0.79 and 0.79–0.81, respectively; all p < 0.001). As relative LBM and ASM increased, the risk of MetS was more significantly reduced in the group with higher baseline BMI and body fat mass index (BFMI)(all p-trend < 0.001). In men, when the relative LBM increased (aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.63–0.73), the risk of MetS was low despite increased BMI. Thus, our findings suggested that an increase in the relative LBM and ASM reduced the risk of MetS, whereas an increase in the relative BFMI increased the risk of MetS; this result was consistent in men despite an increase in BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the possible association between antibiotic overuse and childhood obesity, studies on this association are lacking in Asia. This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between the number, duration of antibiotic exposure, timing of antibiotics initiation and childhood obesity. In this retrospective cohort study, Korean children born between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012, who underwent government-provided health examinations at age 4–6 and 30–36 months, were included. The main outcome was obesity (body mass index in 95th percentile) at 30–36 months. The exposure variable was antibiotic prescription during the first 24 months of life. The number, prevalence, and odds ratio (OR) of obese children based on antibiotic exposure were analyzed using logistic regression. Of 31,733 children, 31,457 (99.1%) children used antibiotics and 2843 (9%) were obese at 30–36 months. There was a clear dose-response relationship between obesity and number of antibiotic classes, cumulative days, and earlier antibiotic initiation. Children who used five or more antibiotic classes had higher odds of obesity than those who used only one class (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.12–1.8). Children with >180 days of antibiotic exposure had higher risk of obesity than those with 1–30 exposure days (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.19–1.64). Children with earlier initiation of antibiotics had higher risk of obesity (OR 1.15 per 6 months, 95% CI 1.08–1.22). Increased number of antibiotic classes, longer duration of antibiotic prescription and earlier antibiotic initiation before 24 months was associated with childhood obesity at 30–36 months. This South Korean retrospective study supports judicious use of antibiotics in the first 24 months of life to avoid the potential risk of childhood obesity. Future studies need to be performed to confirm or refute the results presented herein. • A retrospective cohort study based on a database of Korean children • Use of antibiotics before 24 months was associated with obesity at 30–36 months. • Association between class number, duration of antibiotics and childhood obesity • Judicious use of antibiotics is recommended considering potential risk of obesity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]