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Objective Butyrylcholinesterase is synthesized in the liver. The serum butyrylcholinesterase level has been cross-sectionally reported to be higher in patients with diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and fatty liver than in those without them. It is not known whether serum butyrylcholinesterase is associated with the risk of future type 2 diabetes. Design A prospective cohort study. Participants A total of 8470 Japanese men aged 40-55 years without type 2 diabetes at baseline. Measurements Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed if a fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) level was ≥7·0 mmol/l, if a HbA1c level was ≥6·5% or if participants were taking oral hypoglycaemic medication or insulin. Results During the 42 227 person-years of follow-up, 868 cases had developed type 2 diabetes. Serum butyrylcholinesterase was significantly positively correlated with body mass index ( BMI), FPG, alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase ( GGT) and triglycerides ( TG), whereas negatively with high-density lipoprotein ( HDL) cholesterol. In Cox proportional hazards models, after adjusting for age, BMI, FPG, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, walk to work, regular leisure-time physical activity and family history of diabetes, the highest quartile (398-806 IU/l) of serum butyrylcholinesterase increased the risk of type 2 diabetes compared with the lowest quartile (56-311 IU/l) [hazard ratio ( HR) 1·41 (95% confidence interval ( CI), 1·14-1·74)]. After further adjusting for ALT and GGT, this association remained [ HR 1·40 (95% CI, 1·13-1·73)]. Furthermore, this association was significant independent of TG and HDL cholesterol. Conclusions Elevated serum butyrylcholinesterase was independently associated with an increased risk of future type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the relationship between drinking patterns, such as the weekly frequency of alcohol consumption and the quantity per drinking day, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes has not been sufficiently addressed. Methods Study participants included 10 631 Japanese men aged 40e55 years without type 2 diabetes at entry. Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed if a fasting plasma glucose level was $7.0 mmol/l or if participants were taking diabetes medications. Data on alcohol consumption were obtained from questionnaires. Results During the 37 172 person-years of follow-up, we confirmed 878 cases of type 2 diabetes. Frequent alcohol consumption was associated with a low risk of type 2 diabetes. Compared to non-drinkers, the multiple-adjusted HR for those who drank 4e7 days weekly was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.92). To assess the association between drinking pattern and type 2 diabetes, we examined the joint association of the weekly frequency and the quantity per drinking day with type 2 diabetes. Men who consumed 0.1e2.0 or 2.1e4.0 US standard drinks per drinking day on 4e7 days weekly had a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.95; HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.91, respectively) compared to non-drinkers. Conclusions More frequent alcohol consumption lowered the risk of type 2 diabetes. Light to moderate alcohol consumption per drinking day on 4e7 days weekly lowered the risk of type 2 diabetes compared to non-drinkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:It has been reported that a continuous intake of a catechin beverage will reduce body fat. Traditionally, improvement of eating and exercise habits has been the basis for prevention and reduction of obesity. In this study, we conducted a trial involving human subjects who ingested a catechin beverage for 1 year under nutritional guidance.Methods:This study was conducted based on a comprehensive cohort design using a catechin beverage (containing 588 mg of tea catechins) and a control beverage (containing 126 mg of tea catechins). At both the start and the end of the trial, the subjects underwent an annual health check and computer tomography for measurement of their abdominal fat. In addition, a food intake survey was conducted and all subjects were provided nutritional guidance by a registered dietitian every 3 months.Results:Data were analyzed using per protocol samples of 134 subjects (catechin group, n 77; control group, n 57). Body weight and body mass index were reduced significantly in the catechin group compared to the control group. Changes in body weight during the study period were −1.1 kg in the catechin group and 0.2 kg in the control group. In the catechin group, the visceral fat areas at the start of the trial were significantly correlated with the magnitude of fat reduction at the end of the trial. Under the guidance of a registered dietitian, subjects in the catechin group who showed a reduction in their fat-derived energy percentage during the test period tended to reduce more body weight than those with an increase in this percentage, although no difference in total energy intake was noted between the two groups. One-year ad libitumconsumption of a catechin beverage posed no health risks and resulted in a reduction in body weight.Conclusions:An overall improvement in dietary habits might enhance the weight-reduction effect of the beverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]