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Context: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is progressing considerably worldwide. Identifying the risk factors of NAFLD is a critical step in preventing its progression. Methods: In November 2022, two independent researchers studied seven databases, including PubMed, ISI/WoS, ProQuest, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar, and reference list of relevant articles, searching studies that assessed NAFLD risk factors in the Iranian adult population. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochran's test and its composition using I² statistics. A random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was applied. Egger's regression test and Trim-and-Fill analysis were used to assess publication bias. Comprehensive Meta-analysis software (version 3) was used for the analyses of the present study. Results: The results of this study showed significant associations between NAFLD with age (n = 15, odds ratio (OR) = 2.12,95% CI: 1.79 - 2.51), body mass index (n = 46, OR= 5.00,95% CI: 3.34 - 7.49), waist circumference (n = 20, OR = 6.37,95% CI: 3.25 -12.48), waist-to-hip ratio (n = 17, OR = 4.72, 95% CI: 3.93 - 5.66), total cholesterol (n = 39, OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.52 - 2.13), high-density lipoprotein (n = 37, OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.44-0.65), low-density lipoprotein (n = 31, OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.38 - 2.05), triglyceride (n = 31, OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 2.67-3.87), alanine aminotransferase (n = 26, OR = 4.06,95% CI: 2.94 - 5.62), aspartate aminotransferase (n = 27, OR = 2.16,95% CI: 1.50-3.12), hypertension (n =13, OR = 2.53,95% CI: 2.32 - 2.77), systolic blood pressure (n = 13, OR = 1.83,95% CI: 1.53 - 2.18), diastolic blood pressure (n = 14, OR=1.80,95% CI: 1.48-2.20), fasting blood sugar (n = 31, OR=2.91,95% CI: 2.11-4.01), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (n = 5, OR = 1.92,95% CI: 1.48 - 2.59), diabetes mellitus (n =15, OR = 3.04,95% CI: 2.46-3.75), metabolic syndrome (n = 10, OR = 3.56,95% CI: 2.79 - 4.55), and physical activity (n = 11, OR= 0.32, 95% CI: 0.24-0.43) (P< 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, several factors are significantly associated with NAFLD. However, anthropometric indices had the strongest relationship with NAFLD in the Iranian adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of central and general obesity and compare nine anthropometric indices as predictors of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Iranian adults. Methods: A total of 10,520 adults between ages 35 and 70 years old who were referred to the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study were included in this study. Anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), conicity index, hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip-to-height ratio (WHHR), body adiposity index, and a body shape index (ABSI), were measured using the standard methods. The risk factors for CVD (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and out-of-range lipid profiles) were defined by laboratory tests and medical history. The odds ratio of the risk factors based on a unit increase in anthropometric indices was examined by an adjusted logistic model. Results: The mean of all anthropometric indices was higher in women than in men (p<0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia increased with an increase in all anthropometric indices. The highest risk of diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia was found in higher WHHR. The highest risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was found in an increase in the WHR and ABSI, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize higher levels of general and central obesity in adults in the north of Iran. The WHHR and WHtR seem to be more valuable indices than BMI and WC for predicting distinct risk factors for CVD. However, the WHR was the strongest index for the prediction of high LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]