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This secondary data analysis project examined the relative importance of physical activity (PA) and body composition on homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in older adults and investigated possible racial and/or ethnic differences in these relationships. The analysis included 717 participants from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study who were 55 years of age or older without diabetes. Results show that HOMA-IR increased with increasing levels of recreational PA, with 1 exception: HOMA-IR decreased with increasing levels of recreational PA in individuals with lower body mass index levels. Racial/ethnic differences in these relationships were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]