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Aims: Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, and our previous findings have demonstrated that visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR) is significantly and positively associated with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between VSR and multiorgan IR, provide a new approach to improve body composition, and set the basis for VSR to increase the incidence of cardiometabolic diseases. Materials and Methods: The study included 398 patients who underwent anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and body composition assessment. Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between VSR and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) as well as multiorgan IR, including homeostasis model assessment adiponectin (HOMA‐AD), adipose tissue insulin resistance (ADIPO‐IR), and hepatic insulin sensitivity (HISI). The new model that incorporated into the present study is made up of easily measured biochemical indicators and is used to predict IR. Logistic regression was used to analyze the odds ratio (OR) of VSR on the risk of multiorgan IR. The predictive value of VSR for HOMA‐IR and new model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: VSR was significantly associated with HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐AD, ADIPO‐IR, 1/HISI, and new model (p < 0.001). With the increase of VSR, the OR increased significantly for HOMA‐IR and new model (p < 0.001). Then, multiorgan IR indicators were quantified, compared to the lowest quartile group, and increased VSR exacerbated the risk of IR in the highest quartile (ptrend < 0.001). The area under the curve for predicting IR using VSR for HOMA‐IR and new model was 0.88 for men, 0.85 for women and 0.73 for men, 0.76 for women, respectively. Conclusions: There was significant correlation between VSR and multiorgan IR, and the risk of multiorgan IR increased with increasing VSR. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry identifier: ChiCTR2100044305. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatic controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a novel marker for quantifying hepatic fat accumulation. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a major role in the pathogenesis and natural history of hepatic steatosis. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between CAP value and IR. Methods: This study included a total of 420 patients with overweight or obesity who came to the obesity clinic at Tianjin Union Medical Center. Vibration-controlled transient elastography examination was conducted to detect CAP and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values. Body composition, including visceral fat area (VFA), and body fat mass (BFM), was evaluated by the direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The associations between CAP value, body mass index (BMI), VFA, BFM and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were analyzed. Results: CAP value was positively associated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.568, P < 0.001), the strength of which was much stronger than BMI, VFA, and BFM. In multivariate linear regression, CAP value and HOMA-IR showed a significant positive association (adjusted β = 0.015, 95% CI 0.007–0.022, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis suggested no significant interaction between CAP value and HOMA-IR across age, BMI, LSM, hypertension, and sex groups (all P for interaction > 0.05). Conclusions: Hepatic CAP value is more remarkably than other obesity markers associated with HOMA-IR in individuals with overweight or obesity, regardless of age, BMI, LSM, hypertension, and sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a potential mediator linking obesity to inflammatory diseases, is considered an important candidate for regulating obesity. The present study evaluated the relationship of IL-27 with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) and further investigated the changes in IL-27 levels after weight loss. The study analyzed 405 participants, of whom 62 with overweight or obesity completed one year of lifestyle intervention. The body compositions, including percent of body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR), were assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Serum IL-27 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-27 levels increased significantly with the increase in body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001). Moreover, IL-27 levels were positively correlated with PBF, VFA, and VSR. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the inverse of hepatic insulin sensitivity (1/HISI), adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR), and homeostasis model assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD) increased significantly with each quartile of IL-27 levels (all P < 0.001). IL-27 levels significantly decreased after weight loss (P < 0.001). IL-27 was positively correlated with obesity, HOMA-IR, 1/HISI, Adipo-IR, and HOMA-AD. IL-27 levels significantly decreased after weight loss. • We used body composition to assess obesity to avoid the limitations of body mass index (BMI). • Interleukin-27 (IL-27) levels increased significantly with the increase in BMI, percent body fat, visceral fat area (VFA), and the ratio of VFA to skeletal muscle mass. • We initially found that IL-27 was positively correlated with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the inverse of hepatic insulin sensitivity (1/HISI), adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR), and homeostasis model assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD). • IL-27 levels showed a significant decrease after weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Growing evidence has demonstrated the important roles of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids, especially acetate, propionate and butyrate, in the development of obesity and metabolic diseases. To date, the effects of acetate, propionate and butyrate on human adiposity and glucose metabolism remain controversial. This study aimed to explore the associations of systemically acetate, propionate and butyrate with obesity and glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Methods: A total of 12 patients with T2D and obesity and 8 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals with BMI < 24 kg/m2 were enrolled in this study. Height, weight, body composition, blood pressure, biochemical indices, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and plasma acetate, propionate and butyrate were measured at baseline. Then, participants in T2D group were given a weight control therapy, in addition to conventional medication, and all the measurements were repeated 12 months from baseline. The direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess body composition. Acetate, propionate and butyrate levels were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Butyrate concentration significantly increased from baseline after obvious weight loss (P< 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that propionate was negatively correlated with percent of body fat (PBF) and 2-h plasma glucose (2-h PG) (P< 0.05), and butyrate was negatively associated with body mass index, visceral fat area, PBF and 2-h PG (P< 0.05). No association was found between acetate and obesity. Conclusion: Butyrate and propionate are negatively correlated with obesity and glucose levels in patients with T2D and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between sleep duration and anthropometric indices are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA) among Chinese adults, further to explore gender difference in it. Methods: We analyzed part of the baseline data of a cohort study among adult attendees at two health-screening centers in China. Sleep duration was self-reported and categorized into short (< 7 h/day), optimal (7-9 h/day) and long sleep (≥ 9 h/day). BMI, PBF and VFA were assessed by bioelectric impedance analysis. Demographic characteristics, chronic diseases and medication history, physical activity, smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors were measured by an investigator-administrated questionnaire. Results: A total of 9059 adult participants (63.08% were females) were included in the analysis. The participants aged from 19 to 91 years with the mean age of 45.0 ± 14.6 years. Short sleep was independently associated with elevated odds of general obesity (defined using BMI) and visceral obesity (defined using VFA) among the total study population, and gender differences were observed in these associations. Among women, short sleep was associated with 62% increased odds of general obesity (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.24-2.12) and 22% increased odds of visceral obesity (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45). Among men, long sleep duration was associated with 21% decreased odds of visceral obesity (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99). No association was observed between sleep duration and PBF in both sexes. Conclusions: Sleep duration was associated with increased odds of general and visceral obesity, and this association differed between men and women. No association was observed between sleep duration and PBF among either males or females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]