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Aim This randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of Lactobacillus reuteri on pregnancy gingivitis in healthy women. Materials and Methods Forty-five healthy women (24 test/21 placebo) with pregnancy gingivitis in the third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled. At baseline Gingival Index ( GI) and Plaque Index (PlI) were assessed at the Ramfjord teeth and venous blood taken for TNF- α analysis. Subsequently participants were randomly provided with lozenges to be consumed 2 × daily until birth (approx. 7 weeks) containing ≥108 CFU L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 and ≥108 CFU L. reuteri DSM 17938 (test) or being devoid of L. reuteri (placebo). Within 2 days after birth recording of GI, PlI and blood sampling were repeated. Results At baseline, mean GI and mean PlI did not differ significantly between both groups. In the test group mean TNF- α serum level was significantly ( p < 0.02) lower than in the placebo group. At reevaluation, mean GI and mean PlI of the test group were both significantly ( p < 0.0001) lower than in the placebo group. Mean TNF- α serum level did no longer differ significantly between the groups. Conclusions The consumption of L. reuteri lozenges may be a useful adjunct in the control of pregnancy gingivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]