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Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum Klotho protein, visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and cognitive function and prognosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: 136 patients with AD who received treatment in our hospital from April 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the AD group, and another 150 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The expression levels of serum Klotho protein, VILIP-1 and HMGB1 in the two groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cognitive function in the two groups was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE), and the relationship between the above three indicators and MMSE score was analyzed by Pearson correlation. The patients with AD were divided into good prognosis group (n=74) and poor prognosis group (n=62) according to the prognosis at 1 year after treatment. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of poor prognosis in patients with AD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of combined detection of serum Klotho protein, VILIP-1 and HMGB1 in patients with AD. Results: MMSE score and serum Klotho protein level in the AD group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while serum VILIP-1 and HMGB1 levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation results showed that serum Klotho protein level was significantly positively correlated with MMSE score (P<0.05), while serum VILIP-1 and HMGB1 levels were significantly negatively correlated with MMSE score (all p<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increased serum VILIP-1 and HMGB1 levels were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with AD, while increased serum Klotho protein level was a protective factor (P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of Klotho protein, VILIP-1 and HMGB1 in the combined detection of patients with AD was 0.839, the sensitivity was 80.65%, and the specificity was 83.78%. Conclusion: The serum Klotho protein, VILIP-1 and HMGB1 expression levels are strongly correlated with the cognitive function and prognosis of patients with AD, and the above three indicators can be used to assist the prognosis assessment of patients with AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) is an established biomarker of neuronal injury. The levels of serum VILIP-1, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) were measured to investigate potential of VILIP-1 as a biomarker for seizure-induced neuronal injury, and the correlation of VILIP-1 with severity of epilepsy and blood-brain barrier dysfunction were investigated. Materials and Methods: Patient with epilepsy from 14 to 70 years of age and age-, sex-matched healthy subjects were involved in this study. All blood sample of patients were collected within 3–72 h after the seizure. The severity of epilepsy and levels of serum VILIP-1, NSE and CAV-1 were measured. Accuracy of VILIP-1 and NSE was obtained from receiver operating curve analyses. Associations between VILIP-1 and severity of epilepsy, VILIP-1 and CAV-1 were investigated. Results: A total of 58 patients and 29 healthy control subjects were included in our study. The levels of serum VILIP-1, NSE, and CAV-1 in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group. VILIP-1 has higher and significant accuracy for assessing seizure-induced neuronal injury compared with NSE. VILIP-1 levels were positively associated with severity of epilepsy and CAV-1 in patients with epilepsy. Conclusions: VILIP-1 may be a better serum biomarker than NSE for assessing seizure-induced neuronal injury and even brain injury caused by various pathological condition. Further studies are required to explore the clinical contribution of VILIP-1 in diagnosis, treatment strategies and outcome assessments of epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]