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Nouf A AlShamlan, Malak A Al Shammari, Reem S AlOmar, Danya Gari, Assim M AlAbdulKader, Sameerah Motabgani, Abdulaziz Farea, Magdy A Darwish Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Nouf A AlShamlanDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaTel +966504901406Email nashamlan@iau.edu.saBackground: Understanding the distribution of blood groups and blood donation willingness in a population is crucial in managing blood banks and transfusion services. Moreover, awareness of one’s own blood group is essential especially in emergencies that mandate blood donation. This study aimed to determine the distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups among health students, the students’ knowledge about their blood group, and their willingness to donate blood.Methods: This cross-sectional study included all newly accepted health students in a large university in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia (N=1145) during August 2020. The data included a self-administered questionnaire and the serology results of ABO and Rh factors. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were performed followed by a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis which identified the predictors of willingness of blood donation.Results: Blood group O was the most frequent type among students (51.1%), followed by group A (24.5%) and B (20.4%). The majority (93.3%) of students had Rh-positive factor. When we compared students’ answers with their sample results, most students (75.5%) correctly reported their ABO and Rh blood groups. Male students and those with a previous history of blood donation correctly reported their blood group more than others. Of the total sample, 47.3% were willing to donate blood within the next year. Positive predictors of the willingness of student to donate blood included being male, and those with a history of blood donation. Interestingly, students with a family member in the healthcare field were significantly less likely to donate blood.Conclusion: Blood group O and Rh positive were the most frequent blood groups. Most students had a good knowledge about their blood groups, and about half of students were willing to donate blood. Efforts to encourage the young population to participate in blood donation are crucial.Keywords: ABO blood group, Rh factor, blood donation, Saudi, students