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Background: Reference intervals (RIs) are normal ranges of clinical indicators established from healthy subjects, and comparing test results with RIs is the first step for clinicians in differentiating between healthy and diseased subjects. Capillary blood is widely used in complete blood count (CBC) tests in children; however, capillary blood-based RIs for the CBC parameters are still lacking for all pediatric populations. The aim of this study was to establish capillary blood-based RIs for the CBC parameters in children aged 3 months to 18 years in Beijing., Methods: A total of 6799 capillary blood specimens from children were collected, including 3832 males and 2967 females aged 3 months to 18 years, and CBC parameters were analyzed. Data analysis, RI calculations, and 90% confidence interval (CI) calculations were performed according to CLSI C28-A3 guidelines., Results: Capillary blood RIs for 22 CBC parameters were established in children aged 3 months to 18 years. The levels of most red blood cell-related parameters increased with age and were generally higher in males than in females. White blood cell counts were relatively stable, with no obvious upward or downward trends from 3 months to 18 years of age. Platelet levels decreased within the first year and tended to be stable thereafter. Further validation with 458 healthy children illustrated that the verified results were within the established RIs with a 90%-100% proportion., Conclusion: We established capillary blood RIs for 22 CBC parameters in children across a broad age range in Beijing., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The complete blood count (CBC) is the most widely prescribed laboratory test. It plays a key role in screening, diagnosing, and monitoring a variety of medical disorders. Preanalytical and analytical variables are responsible for more than 50% of laboratory errors that may lead to spurious CBC results. The effects of blood sampling, transport, storage, and analytical errors on hematological parameters have been well described. Circadian variation and changes in lifestyle and environment can also affect blood cells. It has been extensively studied in the past, but highly variable methodology and the presence of confounding factors have provided scattered and inconsistent results. We have investigated the literature to define the impact of circadian variation, modification of the sleep-wake cycle, acute and chronic exercise, eating habits, alcohol, tobacco, drugs of abuse, high-altitude, heat/cold exposure, and air pollution on CBC results. The affected cell type along with the intensity and duration of changes are detailed for each condition. We aim at providing a comprehensive overview of which situations may induce clinically significant changes and have to be taken into account by healthcare professionals before considering a hematological parameter as pathological and requesting complementary tests., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To assess the effect of storage time and temperature on complete blood count (CBC) and comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) testing., Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang databases and SinoMed databases were searched up to May 2017. Clinical trials with adult whole blood samples were identified. Paired reviewers independently screened, extracted data and evaluated the quality of evidence (MINORS tool). Analyses were conducted using Revman 5.3 and Stata 14.0., Results: A total of 89 studies were confirmed. For CBC, except MPV, most parameters were stable at least for 24h. Some indices, such as WBC, PLt, HCT, HGB and MCH were stable up to 3 d. However, stable CMP test results could only be acquired within 12h. at 4°C, including GLU, AST, ALT, Na, ALB, Cl, DBIL, TC, TG and ALP. Values were less stable when stored at RT., Conclusions: Specimens stored >12h. for CMP may generate unreliable results. For CBC, samples could reliably be stored for 24h. For longer storage, refrigeration (at 4°C) would be a better choice., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents distinct diagnostic challenges due to its wide range of clinical manifestations and the overlapping symptoms with other common respiratory diseases. This study focuses on addressing these difficulties by employing machine learning (ML) methodologies, particularly the XGBoost algorithm, to utilize Complete Blood Count (CBC) parameters for predictive analysis. Methods: We performed a retrospective study involving 2114 COVID-19 patients treated between December 2022 and January 2023 at our healthcare facility. These patients were classified into fever (1057 patients) and pneumonia groups (1057 patients), based on their clinical symptoms. The CBC data were utilized to create predictive models, with model performance evaluated through metrics like Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. We selected the top 10 predictive variables based on their significance in disease prediction. The data were then split into a training set (70% of patients) and a validation set (30% of patients) for model validation. Results: We identified 31 indicators with significant disparities. The XGBoost model outperformed others, with an AUC of 0.920 and high precision, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The top 10 features (Age, Monocyte%, Mean Platelet Volume, Lymphocyte%, SIRI, Eosinophil count, Platelet count, Hemoglobin, Platelet Distribution Width, and Neutrophil count.) were crucial in constructing a more precise predictive model. The model demonstrated strong performance on both training (AUC = 0.977) and validation (AUC = 0.912) datasets, validated by decision curve analysis and calibration curve. Conclusion: ML models that incorporate CBC parameters offer an innovative and effective tool for data analysis in COVID-19. They potentially enhance diagnostic accuracy and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, ultimately contributing to a reduction in the mortality rate of this infectious disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Limited research has focused on the clinical features of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in pediatric patients. This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical features and the baseline hearing severity and outcomes of SSNHL in the pediatric population. Method: We conducted a bi-center retrospective observational study in 145 SSNHL patients aged no more than 18 years who were recruited between November 2013 and October 2022. Data extracted from medical records, audiograms, complete blood count (CBC) and coagulation tests have been assessed for the relationship with the severity (the thresholds of the initial hearing) and outcomes (recovery rate, hearing gain and the thresholds of the final hearing). Results: A lower lymphocyte count (P = 0.004) and a higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (P = 0.041) were found in the patient group with profound initial hearing than in the less severe group. Vertigo (β = 13.932, 95%CI: 4.082-23.782, P = 0.007) and lymphocyte count (β = -6.686, 95%CI: -10.919 to -2.454, P = 0.003) showed significant associations with the threshold of the initial hearing. In the multivariate logistic model, the probability of recovery was higher for patients with ascending and flat audiograms compared to those with descending audiograms (ascending: OR 8.168, 95% CI 1.450-70.143, P = 0.029; flat: OR 3.966, 95% CI 1.341-12.651, P = 0.015). Patients with tinnitus had a 3.2-fold increase in the probability of recovery (OR 3.222, 95% CI 1.241-8.907, P = 0.019), while the baseline hearing threshold (OR 0.968, 95% CI 0.936-0.998, P =0.047) and duration to the onset of therapy (OR 0.942, 95% CI 0.890-0.977, P = 0.010) were negatively associated with the odds of recovery. Conclusions: The present study showed that accompanying tinnitus, the severity of initial hearing loss, the time elapse and the audiogram configuration might be related to the prognosis of pediatric SSNHL. Meanwhile, the presence of vertigo, lower lymphocytes and higher PLR were associated with worse severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DPPH is one of the most widely used tests with scavenged-free radical effect, in which the color turns to yellow when tested onto a free stable dark-purple tulip, where natural antioxidants are returned by an electron and a proton. The optical, structural properties of Al2O NPs prepared by the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) Nd: YAG laser method at various energies (500,800,1000 mJ) were studied using color absorbance, UV-VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the average particle size is less than 41 nm. Spectroscopic analyses were used to study the antioxidant activity of Al2O3 nanoparticles by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The DPPH displacement was shown to be directly proportional to the high energies according to the results. The increased energy of (500, 800 and 1000 mJ) for free radicals are at (64.53 ± 5.487)%, (74.00 ± 2.887)% and (84.67 ± 4.372)% respectively, as compared to ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the toxicity of these nanoparticles on human blood parameters was studied using the complete blood count (CBC) (in vitro) by hematological parameters (PLT), (HGB-Hb), (RBCs), (WBCs), and count type white blood cells, and are compared to control groups. Our results demonstrate no significant changes in levels of (PLT), (HGB-Hb), (RBCs), (WBCs), and count type white blood cells between test and control groups. This data suggests that aluminum oxide nanoparticles have no harmful effect on hematological parameters (in vitro). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is the first report of capillary blood reference intervals in infants in Henan, China. • The hematological markers of infants are complex and require partitions. • Hematological parameters were higher in infants than in preschoolers and adults. • Sex differences in red blood cell-related parameters among infants aged 0–2 years. The reference intervals (RIs) of laboratory tests are essential for disease diagnosis, therapy monitoring, and health assessment. They are also significant for clinicians to discriminate between subjects with disease and healthy subjects. However, RIs for complete blood count (CBC) parameters in capillary blood for children are deficient. This study aimed to establish capillary blood RIs for blood cell parameters in neonates and infants from birth to 2 years of age in Zhengzhou. We prospectively collected a total of 1840 capillary blood specimens from healthy subjects from birth to 2 years of age. Hematology RIs were established by analyzing capillary blood sample data, and RIs and 90 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) C28-A3 guidelines. RIs were established for hematological parameters of capillary blood in neonates and infants from birth to 2 years of age. The levels of almost all hematological parameters, except for the lymphocyte (LYMPH), platelet (PLT), and thrombocytocrit (PCT) parameters, peaked in the first month after birth and then decreased to lower levels within 6 months. There were significant sex differences in most erythrocyte-related parameters, with higher levels in males than in females. Erythrocyte-related parameters showed an increasing tendency with increasing age after the second month. Neutrophil (NEUT) levels were high on the third day of life, declined to a nadir in the first month, and then slowly increased with age. LYMPH levels were low at birth and began to increase after birth, peaked at approximately-six months of age and then gradually declined with age. PLT and PCT levels showed an increasing trend during the first month, while the other parameters showed a decreasing trend. All platelet-related and leukocyte-related parameters showed no significant difference with sex. We provide comprehensive age- and sex-specific RIs, including RIs for neonates in Henan. Our study provides more comprehensive reference ranges for Child Health Hospital and children's medical institutions, which may facilitate preliminary screening, diagnosis, and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most common blood tests requested by clinicians and evaluates the total numbers and characteristics of cell components in the blood. Recently, many investigations have suggested that the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), arteriosclerosis, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome can be predicted using CBC components. This review introduces that white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are useful markers to predict CVD and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we would like to support various uses of CBC by organizing pathophysiology that can explain the relationship between CBC components and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we have investigated the potential association between blood glucose and total cholesterol level with complete blood count (CBC). We have calculated the contents of glucose and total cholesterol with help of spectrophotometric method (wavelength range of 190 to 1100 nm) related to absorbance values in test serum with enzymatic reagents. In our study, we have also related the mean value of total cholesterol and glucose level with CBC and reported how cholesterol and glucose level vary with the counting of blood cells in human blood. The correlation analysis indicated that there were strong correlations between glucose and total cholesterol level with CBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complete blood count parameters provide novel inflammatory markers. We aimed to assess any differences in these novel inflammatory markers between case and control and according to exacerbation severity in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: This a case control study was conducted at Marjan medical city among patients Previously diagnosed as COPD and admitted to the hospital with acute exacerbation were enrolled into the study. Complete blood count parameters were performed for both cases and control and compared among two groups by student T test. The severity of disease was measured by FEV1 and correlated with Complete blood count parameters to find any association by SPSS version 23. Result: Of 50 cases, 58% (29) of cases had Peripheral blood eosinophil ≥2. The mean white blood cell count, total Lymphocyte count, total neutrophil count, Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, hematocrit and mean platelet volume were significantly higher in case than control, but only white blood cell correlated with FEV1. Conclusion: In acute exacerbation, some of the complete blood count markers show a significant increase. These findings may be crucial for evaluation of acute exacerbation, determine the severity of exacerbation and treatment response during follow-up of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaemia indicates a pathological state, since it is the result of a disruption in the homeostatic balance between the production of erythrocytes and the loss/ destruction of erythrocytes. Running a complete blood count is the primary investigation that must follow the discovery of anaemia. In certain cases, after analysing the results of the CBC, the laboratory doctor may decide to run additional tests, such as a peripheral blood smear, which examines each type of cell in order to find anomalies in their quantity and quality and establish what type of anaemia the patient suffers from. The CBC and blood smears analysed for the purpose of this study were obtained from patients with pathological blood modifications or who were suspected of having blood diseases. The automatic CBCs were analysed with the automatic Sysmex XN-1000 haematology analyser. The blood smears, obtained through May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining procedure, were examined under the microscope and photographed. The numerical data obtained were stored and analysed statistically, and the link between the variables was established with the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Processing the CBCs revealed that the average number of erythrocytes was 3.28 ± 0.71/1003/μL, which represents 72.88% of the minimum biological reference value. Statistically, this parameter has a positive correlation with the quantity of haemoglobin (r=0.694), whose average was 9.52±1.11 g/dL, meaning 73.22% of the minimum biological reference value, and with the haematocrit (r=0.759), whose average value was 29.57±3.90%, which is 73.92% of the minimum reference value. All these low values indicate the presence of anaemia. The values of the erythrocyte numbers pointed towards normocytic anaemia, despite some individual variations. The average numbers of white cells and platelets were slightly higher than the biological values, suggesting the correlated modification of the other types of blood cells, that comes with anaemia. The microscope examination of the blood smears revealed some modifications in the form of the erythrocytes (some that look like a stack of coins, knizocytes, sickle cells, degmacytes and ovalocytes), changes in erythrocyte diameter (mainly macrocytosis, indicating hypochromic anaemia, through a deficit of haemoglobin synthesis) and changes in the haemoglobin load (hypochromic erythrocytes, which indicate hypochromic anaemia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human blood groups ABO (BG) represent an important system in blood transfusion medicine and transplantation, and have a role in the development of heart disease. The current study was conducted with the aim of comparing the types of blood groups and knowing the most affected by atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Our study was consisted of total (n=192) population with age range (45-70) years old and overweight in terms of their BMI. The first group included (n=64) under Precautinous coronary intervention (PCI) catheterization with atherosclerosis and diabetes type 2. The second group (n=64) underwent Diagnostic (DIG) catheterization with diabetes type 2 and without atherosclerosis. The association between blood group types with diabetes type 2 disease and atherosclerosis was investigated. The most prevalent blood group was O+ (93.74%) in DIG, (80.84%) in PCI closely followed by group B (49.99%), (44.62%) in DIG and PCI respectively, and group A (43.75%) In both group. Least prevalent blood group was AB (35.25%) in PCI and (12.5%) in DIG group. In conclusion the patients with type O are more likely to have diabetes and atherosclerosis, and those with type B are more likely to develop diabetes. Type A and AB are less likely to develop sclerosis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in the newborn. The vague clinical presentation can be a challenge to the pediatric nurse clinician, often causing a delay in diagnosis and management. Eligibility Criteria: Thirty-two articles, as well as guidelines and relevant texts, addressing late-onset neonatal sepsis and neonatal sepsis within the last 10 years were selected for review. Results: When predicting late onset sepsis in the neonate the complete blood count (CBC) with differential showed poor sensitivity and specificity; however, the white blood cells (WBC) showed a good negative predictive value (NPV), along with an I:T ratio of >0.2, strongly indicating bacteremia in a neonate. In terms of inflammatory biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) showed the most promise, with good sensitivity and specificity, as well as good accessibility, when compared to interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid A (SAA). DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) shows promise. Conclusions: Many sepsis treatment protocols include the CBC with differential as a main diagnostic test; however, this lacks accuracy in the neonatal population. The emergence of acute phase reactants and inflammatory biomarkers has provided additional diagnostic options in the diagnoses of neonatal sepsis. Implications: The pediatric nurse clinician should be aware of what tests are available in the clinical setting, and through the use of clinical assessment and history taking in combination with appropriate diagnostics, aim to diagnose these newborns cautiously in accordance with current practice guidelines and protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood cells diagnosis is becoming essential to ensure a proper treatment can be proposed to a blood related disease patient. In current research trending, automated complete blood count analysis system is required for pathologists or researchers to count the blood cells from the blood smeared images. Hence, a portable mobile-based complete blood count (CBC) analysis framework with the aid of microscope is proposed, and the smartphone camera is mounted to the viewing port of the light microscope by adding a smartphone support. Initially, the blood smeared image is acquired from a light microscope with objective zoom of 100X magnifications view the eyepiece zoom of 10X magnification, then captured by the smartphone camera. Next, the areas constitute to the WBC and RBC are extracted using combination of color space analysis, threshold and Otsu procedure. Then, the number of corresponding cells are counted using topological structural analysis, and the cells in clumped region is estimated using Hough Circle Transform (HCT) procedure. After that, the analysis results are saved in the database, and shown in the user interface of the smartphone application. Experimental results show the developed system can gain 92.93% accuracy for counting the RBC whereas 100% for counting the WBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which evaluates the impact of under-filled blood collection tubes containing K2EDTA and 3EDTA as anticoagulants on automated complete blood count (CBC) testing. Blood samples were collected from 30 patients which were analyzed for CBC on a Siemens Advia 120 hematology analyzer. Also discussed is the limitations of the study.

The article discusses a study which aims to check the accuracy of complete blood count for insufficient blood samples collected from 332 subjects at a single tertiary medical center Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan between August and December 2010. Also discussed is the three clinical implications of the study.