1. Low β-carotene bioaccessibility and bioavailability from high fat, dairy-based meal.
- Author
-
Kruger, Johanita, Sus, Nadine, Moser, Andrea, Scholz, Sophie, Adler, Guenther, Venturelli, Sascha, and Frank, Jan
- Subjects
- *
VITAMIN A metabolism , *ANALYSIS of triglycerides , *IRON , *IRON in the body , *IN vitro studies , *DAIRY products , *BLIND experiment , *CELL physiology , *LIPIDS , *DIETARY fats , *ZINC , *CROSSOVER trials , *TRETINOIN , *PLANT-based diet , *CAROTENES , *BIOAVAILABILITY , *MEALS , *SYNTHETIC drugs , *MINERALS , *DIETARY supplements - Abstract
Purpose: The original aim of the study was to determine, in a double-blind 3-arm crossover human trial (n = 7), the effect of supplemental levels of iron (25 mg) and zinc (30 mg) on β-carotene (synthetic) bioavailability (10 h postprandial). However, despite the high dose of supplemental β-carotene (15 mg) consumed with the high fat (18 g), dairy-based breakfast test meal, there was a negligible postprandial response in plasma and triglyceride rich fraction β-carotene concentrations. We then systematically investigated the possible reasons for this low bioavailability of β-carotene. Methods: We determined (1) if the supplemental β-carotene could be micellised and absorbed by epithelial cells, using a Caco-2 cell model, (2) if the fat from the test meal was sufficiently bioavailable to facilitate β-carotene bioavailability, (3) the extent to which the β-carotene could have been metabolised and converted to retinoic acid/retinol and (4) the effect of the test meal matrix on the β-carotene bioaccessibility (in vitro digestion) and Caco-2 cellular uptake. Results: We found that (1) The supplemental β-carotene could be micellised and absorbed by epithelial cells, (2) the postprandial plasma triacylglycerol response was substantial (approximately 75–100 mg dL−1 over 10 h), indicating sufficient lipid bioavailability to ensure β-carotene absorption, (3) the high fat content of the meal (approximately 18 g) could have resulted in increased β-carotene metabolism, (4) β-carotene bioaccessibility from the dairy-based test meal was sixfold lower (p < 0.05) than when digested with olive oil. Conclusion: The low β-carotene bioavailability is probably due to a combination of the metabolism of β-carotene to retinol by BCMO1 and interactions of β-carotene with the food matrix, decreasing the bioaccessibility. Trail registration: The human trail was retrospectively registered (ClinicalTrail.gov ID: NCT05840848). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF