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Dabigatran, marketed as Pradaxa (Boehringer Ingelheim) in the USA, is a direct thrombin inhibitor that holds great promise. It has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolism with similar if not greater efficacy than warfarin and with far fewer side effects. However, like other anticoagulants, it can cause severe bleeding complications and lacks a specific antidote with proven efficacy. The patient presented here was on dabigatran and sustained a traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The ICH continued to progress despite prompt initiation of 3h of hemodialysis in an effort to remove the offending drug from the circulation. Through this case report, we highlight the challenges of anticoagulation with dabigatran including the lack of routine testing for monitoring its effect and of a specific antidote. We also discuss the potential role of dialysis in treating patients with life-threatening bleeding on dabigatran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]