115 results on '"Blechnaceae"'
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2. A new species of Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida) from central-western Brazil, with an updated key to the species in the country
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Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich, Alexandre Salino, and André Luís de Gasper
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Blechnum ,Blechnaceae ,Polypodiopsida ,ferns ,pteridophytes ,central-western Brazil ,biodiversity ,taxonomy ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
ABSTRACT We describe a new species of Blechnum from Mato Grosso, Brazil: Blechnum rivulorum sp. nov. This new species was discovered as a result of visits to the herbaria BM, K, P, PR, and S, as part of the Reflora Project, by the first author. We also indicate its position in a new Blechnum phylogeny. Additionally, we confirm the occurrence of Blechnum meridense Klotzsch in Brazil and provide an updated key to all species of Blechnum in the country.
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- 2022
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3. A synopsis of the fern family Blechnaceae in Santa Catarina, Brazil: reviewing Sehnem's 1968 flora.
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Salgado Grittz, Guilherme, de Oliveira Dittrich, Vinícius Antonio, and Luís de Gasper, André
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BLECHNACEAE , *POLYPODIALES , *FERN classification , *BIOLOGICAL nomenclature , *PLANT habitats - Abstract
We reviewed the fern family Blechnaceae in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, in order to update the work done by Sehnem in Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Ten genera and 21 species in the family have been recognized. In this work, descriptions and identification keys for the species are presented, as well as comments and a comparative list of Sehnem's nomenclature and the current state-of-theart in Blechnaceae nomenclature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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4. Biometrics of the sporangia and spores of the Parablechnum cordatum complex (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida).
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Wal, Aleksandra P., Molino, Sonia, Murciano, Antonio, Prada, Carmen, and Gabriel y Galán, José María
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BLECHNACEAE , *POLYPODIALES , *SPORES , *PLANT species , *PLANT classification - Abstract
Parablechnum is the most diverse genus of Blechnaceae (ca. 65 species), with a pantropical distribution and two centers of diversity, in America and in the Austro-Pacific region. The species are dimorphic, with often erect rhizomes and rhizomatic scales, 1-pinnate fronds, with truncate blade at base, conform apex and stalked pinnae. This group presents many taxonomic problems, needing more detailed studies to resolve these conflicts of separation between species. This work deals with the American complex of P. cordatum in which the species P. cordatum, P. schiedeanum, P. chilense, P. falciforme and Blechnum varians are included. A biometric analysis of sporangia and spores, important taxonomic structures in the distinction of ferns, has been carried out. The data were subjected to an ANOVA and a discriminant analysis. In addition, the spores were observed under a scanning electron microscope to study their ornamentation. Of the characters we have studied thickness of the arcus, number of cells in the arcus, number of cells in the hypostome and major equatorial diameter of the spore have statistically supported taxonomic significance and are therefore useful for species separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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5. Phylogenetics and historical biogeography of Lomaridium (Blechnaceae: Polypodiopsida).
- Author
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Vicent, María, Gabriel y. Galán, Jose María, and Sessa, Emily B.
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PLANT phylogeny ,PLANT dispersal ,BLECHNACEAE - Abstract
Blechnaceae is a worldwide family of leptosporangiate ferns composed of about 250 species. Most of the species in the family were recognised under a single large genus Blechnum until recently, when a new classification proposed the recognition of 24 genera. Given this new systematics of Blechnaceae, which largely resolves the genus-level relationships in the family, there is a need for phylogenetic research to investigate relationships within the majority of the newly proposed genera. In this paper, we unravel the phylogenetic relationships and the historical biogeography of the species of Lomaridium, a genus including most of the hemiepiphytic species in the Blechnaceae. Our sampling includes 11 species, which represents 85% of the diversity in the genus and which covers the entire geographic distribution of the group. We constructed two datasets with three plastid markers: one for phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference) with four outgroups from phylogenetically close genera (Brainea, Lomaria, Sadleria, Woodwardi); and a second for molecular dating and historical biogeographic analyses that included a larger set of outgroups so that we could accurately reconstruct ancestral events at the base of Lomaridium, under different models. We are able to recognize four highly supported lineages: L. contiguum and the L. schottii, L. attenuatum, and L. fragile clades. Our results date the origin of Lomaridium at some point during the Paleocene epoch, and the most likely geographic area for its origin is Australia plus tropical Central and South America. Several dispersal events are inferred, all of which are most likely long-distance dispersal events. From Australia, we infer a first dispersal event that brought the ancestor of the extant species L. contiguum to New Caledonia. In Central and South America, Lomaridium continued to diversify and colonized additional areas, including the Caribbean (L. binervatum), some Pacific islands (L. schottii), and Africa and Madagascar. While our goal in the current study was not to estimate the biogeographic or diversification history of all Blechnaceae, our analyses do suggest that the early history of the family was complex biogeographically, with extensive long-distance dispersal events. Lomaridium exemplifies this high dispersal capacity, as a genus with only a modest number of species that have reached far-flung regions of the globe via numerous long-distance dispersal events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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6. Reinstatement of the New Caledonian endemic fern Blechnum deplanchei as distinct from B. opacum (Blechnaceae)
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Patrick J. Brownsey, Rémy Amice, Leon R. Perrie, and Lara D. Shepherd
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0106 biological sciences ,Blechnaceae ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,Morphological variation ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,DNA sequencing ,Blechnum ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Fern ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Blechnum opacum is a small forest fern indigenous to New Caledonia and Vanuatu. After examining the considerable morphological variation in New Caledonian populations, along with phylogenetic analy...
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- 2021
7. Blechnum australe L
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Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan, and Wang, Qing-Feng
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Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnum australe ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum australe L. — Habit: Fern. Habitat: LMDF, BZ; 1 500–2 500 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: N/A. Reference: Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}
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- 2022
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8. Blechnum ivohibense C. Chr
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Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan, and Wang, Qing-Feng
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Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnum ivohibense ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum ivohibense C.Chr. — Habit: Fern. Habitat: LMWF; 1 500–2 400 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Northeast Mount Kenya, Marimba Forest, 28 Feb. 1970, Faden & Evans 70/77 (EA). References: Bussmann (1994), Parris (2006), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Parris, B. S. (2006) Blechnaceae. In: Beentje, H. J. & Ghazanfar, S. A. (Eds.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, 11 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}
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- 2022
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9. Blechnum tabulare Kuhn
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Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan, and Wang, Qing-Feng
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Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnum tabulare ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn — Habit: Fern. Habitat: LMWF, BZ; 1 600–2 600 m. Distribution: I. Voucher: Northeast Mount Kenya, on the slopes of Ithanguni, Alt. 2 600 m, 28 Feb. 1970, Faden & Evans 70/90 (EA). References: Bussmann (1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a), Parris (2006), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1995 a) The forests of Mt. Kenya (Kenya), a phytosociological synopsis. Phytocoenologia 25 (4): 467 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / phyto / 25 / 1995 / 467","Parris, B. S. (2006) Blechnaceae. In: Beentje, H. J. & Ghazanfar, S. A. (Eds.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, 11 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}
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- 2022
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10. Blechnum attenuatum Mett
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Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan, and Wang, Qing-Feng
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Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy ,Blechnum attenuatum - Abstract
Blechnum attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. — Habit: Fern. Habitat: LMWF, BZ; 1 500–3 000 m. Distribution: II. Voucher: Near Castle Forest Station, Alt. 2073 m, 2 Sep. 1979, Schippers K566 (WAG). References: Fries et al. (1924b), Schelpe (1951), Bussmann (1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a, 1999), Parris (2006), Agnew (2013)., Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464, {"references":["Fries, R. E., Fries, T. C. E. & Christensen, C. (1924 b) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora des Kenia, Mt. Aberdare und Mt. Elgon. VI. Notizblatt des Koniglichen Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin 9 (83): 173 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994334","Schelpe, E. A. C. L. E. (1951) The Pteridophyta of Mount Kenya. American Fern Journal 41 (3): 65 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1545044","Bussmann, R. W. (1994) The forest of Mt. Kenya (Kenya): Vegetation, ecology, destruction and management of a tropical mountain forest ecosystem. Ph. D. dissertation, Universitat Bayreuth Startseite, Bayreuth, 252 pp.","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1995 a) The forests of Mt. Kenya (Kenya), a phytosociological synopsis. Phytocoenologia 25 (4): 467 - 560. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / phyto / 25 / 1995 / 467","Bussmann, R. W. & Beck, E. (1999) Vegetation units of Mt. Kenya Forest Reserve: Comment. In: Bitok (Ed.) Vegetations-okologosche, ethnobotanische und faunistische Beitrage uber Aquatorial-Afrika. Bayreuther Forum Okologie 64. Bayreuther Forum Okologie, Bayreuth, pp. 17 - 28.","Parris, B. S. (2006) Blechnaceae. In: Beentje, H. J. & Ghazanfar, S. A. (Eds.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, 11 pp.","Agnew, A. D. Q. (2013) Upland Kenya wild flowers and ferns, 3 rd edn. Nature Kenya Publications, Nairobi, 733 pp."]}
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- 2022
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11. Taxonomic notes on the New Zealand flora: lectotypes and a new combination in Blechnaceae
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Patrick J. Brownsey and Leon R. Perrie
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0106 biological sciences ,Blechnaceae ,biology ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Indigenous ,Blechnum ,Geography ,Botany ,Typification ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Nomenclature ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Blechnaceae is a medium-sized family of ferns in New Zealand with one genus, 23 indigenous species, two naturalised species and two nothospecies. A new combination, Blechnum × digenum (Parris) Brow...
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- 2019
12. New combinations in Cranfillia (Blechnaceae: Polypodiopsida) for recent segregates of the Blechnum vulcanicum complex
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Barbara Parris and Peter J. de Lange
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0106 biological sciences ,010506 paleontology ,Blechnaceae ,Cranfillia ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Plant taxonomy ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Blechnum vulcanicum ,Blechnum ,Botany ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
New combinations in Cranfillia (Blechnaceae: Polypodiopsida) are provided for: Blechnum aequabile T.C.Chambers, B. humile T.C.Chambers, B. megavulcanicum T.C.Chambers, Blechnum nukuhivense ED.Br., B. phanerophlebium Baaker ex C.Chr., B. venosum Copel., Blechnum vulcanicum var. feani E.D.Br. (B. feani (E.D.Br.) T.C.Chambers), and Blechnum vulcanicum var. tovii E.D.Br. (B. tovii (E.D.Br.) T.C.Chambers) and Lomaria deltoides Colenso (Blechnum deltoides (Colenso) T.C.Chambers.
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- 2019
13. A revision of Blechnum vulcanicum (Blume) Kuhn and related taxa (Blechnaceae) in Malesia and Oceania
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Peter G. Wilson and T Carrick Chambers
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0106 biological sciences ,Blechnaceae ,biology ,Pilosa ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Blechnum vulcanicum ,Floristics ,Blechnum ,Taxon ,Botany ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The species included in the Blechnum vulcanicum group are all characterised by the presence of unique, minute, surface outgrowths on various aerial parts of a plant; these have previously in error been described as short hairs. However, these so-called ‘hairs’ are distinctive and consist of about 4 to 7 cells in a linear arrangement. The species of Blechnum that have this feature are here recognised as a new Section, Blechnum sect. Pilosa. The species Blechnum vulcanicum (Blume) Kuhn has been widely cited in taxonomic, floristic and ecological studies for Malesia, Australasia and Oceania, but shows much variation across this wide geographic range. The present study rejects this broad view and recognises a total of 14 species in this group. This includes four new species (Blechnum aequabile, B. basipilosum, B. humile and B. megavulcanicum), and three new combinations (Blechnum deltoides, B. feani, and B. tovii).
- Published
- 2019
14. SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF STIPE ANATOMY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIAN Blechnum L. (BLECHNACEAE) SPECIES.
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Noraini, T., Amirul-Aiman, A. J., Jaman, R., Nor-Fairuz, A. R., Maideen, H., Damanhuri, A., and Ruzi, A. R.
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BLECHNACEAE , *ANATOMICAL variation - Abstract
A study on the stipe anatomy was conducted on six taxa of Blechnum in Peninsular Malaysia namely B. finlaysonianum, B. fraseri, B. indicum, B. melanocaulon subsp. pallen, B. orientale and B. vestitum. The objective of this study is to investigate the variations in the stipe anatomical characteristics that can be used for species identification and classification. There are five stipe anatomical characteristics found in this study that can be used to distinguish the Blechnum species. The characters are stipe outlines, patterns of sclerenchyma cell layers present under epidermal cells, presence and absence of sclerenchyma cell layer encircled the vascular bundles, number of vascular bundles, and presence of auricles on the adaxial side of stipe. Similarities found in stipe anatomical characteristics in all Blechnum species studied are the Aspidium stele type and presence of sclerenchyma cell layers underneath the epidermal layer. The diagnostic anatomical characteristics found in this study is the absence of sclerenchyma cells layer ensheathing each vascular bundles in the steles of B. finlaysonianum. Therefore, the stipe anatomical characteristics can be used in the identification of species in the genus Blechnum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
15. Biometrics of the sporangia and spores of the Parablechnum cordatum complex (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida)
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Sonia Molino, Antonio Murciano, Jose María Gabriel y Galán, Carmen Prada, and Aleksandra Patrjcia Wal
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0106 biological sciences ,Frond ,Blechnaceae ,biology ,Sporangium ,fern ,Pantropical ,Plant Science ,Parablechnum cordatum ,biology.organism_classification ,pantropical ,taxonomía ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Blechnum ,Spore ,taxonomy ,Genus ,Botany ,morphology ,morfología ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany ,helecho - Abstract
espanol"Parablechnum" es el genero mas diverso de las Blechnaceae (ca. 65 especies), con una distribucion pantropical y dos centros de diversidad, en America y en la region austro-pacifica. Las especies son dimorfas, con rizomas normalmente erguidos y escamas rizomaticas, frondas pinnadas, con hoja truncada en la base, de apice conforme y pinnas pecioluladas. Este grupo presenta muchos problemas taxonomicos, por lo que se necesitan estudios mas detallados para resolver conflictos de separacion entre especies. Este trabajo trata del complejo americano de P. cordatum en el que se incluyen las especies P. cordatum, P. schiedeanum, P. chilense, P. falciforme y Blechnum varians. Se ha llevado a cabo un analisis biometrico de los esporangios y las esporas, estructuras taxonomicamente importantes en la distincion de los helechos. Los datos se sometieron a un analisis unidireccional de la varianza y a un analisis discriminante. Ademas, las esporas se observaron bajo un microscopio electronico de barrido para estudiar su ornamentacion. De los caracteres que hemos estudiado, el grosor del arco, el numero de celulas en el arco, el numero de celulas en el hipostomio y el diametro mayor ecuatorial de la espora han apoyado estadisticamente su importancia taxonomica y, por lo tanto, son utiles para la separacion de especies. English"Parablechnum" is the most diverse genus of Blechnaceae (ca. 65 species), with a pantropical distribution and two centers of diversity, in America and in the Austro-Pacific region. The species are dimorphic, with often erect rhizomes and rhizomatic scales, 1-pinnate fronds, with truncate blade at base, conform apex and stalked pinnae. This group presents many taxonomic problems, needing more detailed studies to resolve these conflicts of separation between species. This work deals with the American complex of P. cordatum in which the species P. cordatum, P. schiedeanum, P. chilense, P. falciforme and Blechnum varians are included. A biometric analysis of sporangia and spores, important taxonomic structures in the distinction of ferns, has been carried out. The data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and a discriminant analysis. In addition, the spores were observed under a scanning electron microscope to study their ornamentation. Of the characters we have studied thickness of the arcus, number of cells in the arcus, number of cells in the hypostome and major equatorial diameter of the spore have statisticalParablechnum is the most diverse genus of Blechnaceae (ca. 65 species), with a pantropical distribution and two centers of diversity, in America and in the Austro-Pacific region. The species are dimorphic, with often erect rhizomes and rhizomatic scales, 1-pinnate fronds, with truncate blade at base, conform apex and stalked pinnae. This group presents many taxonomic problems, needing more detailed studies to resolve these conflicts of separation between species. This work deals with the American complex of P. cordatum in which the species P. cordatum, P. schiedeanum, P. chilense, P. falciforme and Blechnum varians are included. A biometric analysis of sporangia and spores, important taxonomic structures in the distinction of ferns, has been carried out. The data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and a discriminant analysis. In addition, the spores were observed under a scanning electron microscope to study their ornamentation. Of the characters we have studied thickness of the arcus, number of cells in the arcus, number of cells in the hypostome and major equatorial diameter of the spore have statistically supported taxonomic significance and are therefore useful for species separation.
- Published
- 2021
16. Revision of Cranfillia opaca in New Caledonia
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Rubén Vázquez Ferreira, Carmen Prada, Pedro Alfaya, Jose María Gabriel y Galán, and María Vicent
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0106 biological sciences ,Cranfillia ,anatomy ,biology ,new combination ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,combinación nueva ,taxonomía ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Blechnaceae ,Blechnum ,taxonomy ,New Caledonia ,anatomía ,Nueva Caledonia ,Humanities ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
espanol"Cranfillia opaca" es una especie de helecho presente en Nueva Caledonia, para la que se registra una gran variacion morfologica. Otras especies, como Blechnum deplanchei han sido propuestas en el pasado, y se sinonimizaron mas tarde con C. opaca. En este trabajo, hemos estudiado este taxon tanto a nivel morfologico como anatomico, asi como su ecologia y distribucion geografica. Encontramos diferencias entre C. opaca s.s. y B. deplanchei en la morfologia tanto de frondas esteriles como fertiles, y en rasgos morfo-anatomicos como son la forma, longitud y distribucion de los tricomas y la longitud y/o forma de diferentes estructuras relativas a esporas y esporangios. La distribucion de ambos taxones tambien fue distinta, aunque siendo simpatricos en algunas localidades. Todas estas evidencias apoyan el reconocimiento de ambos taxones, y la combinacion de Cranfillia deplanchei (Baker) Vazquez Ferreira & Gabriel y Galan, la cual proponemos aqui. Tambien proporcionamos descripciones taxonomicas para ambas especies. English"Cranfillia opaca" is a fern species present in New Caledonia, for which a great variation in morphology is reported. Some other species such as Blechnum deplanchei have been proposed, but those were later synonymized with C. opaca. In this work, we have studied this taxon at both the morphological and the anatomical level, as well as its ecology and geographical distribution. We found differences between C. opaca s.s. and B. deplanchei in the morphology of the sterile and fertile fronds, in several morphoanatomical features such as trichome shape, length, and distribution, and length and/or shape of different structures of sporangia and spores. The distribution of both taxa was also different, but they are sympatric at some localities. The differences identified in this study support the recognition of both taxa, and the combination of Cranfillia deplanchei (Baker) Vazquez Ferreira & Gabriel y Galan, which we propose here. A new taxonomic description is provided for both species.
- Published
- 2021
17. Molecular phylogenetics and generic taxonomy of Blechnaceae ferns.
- Author
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Perrie, Leon R., Wilson, Ruby K., Shepherd, Lara D., Ohlsen, Daniel J., Batty, Erin L., Brownsey, Patrick J., and Bayly, Michael J.
- Subjects
BLECHNACEAE ,PLANT molecular phylogenetics ,PLANT species ,NUCLEOTIDE sequence ,PLANT morphology ,PHYTOGEOGRAPHY - Abstract
The fern family Blechnaceae is cosmopolitan; however, the vast majority of species are placed in Blechnum, which occurs predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. There are two areas that are particularly species-rich: the south-west Pacific (including Australasia), and Central and South America. Using chloroplast DNA sequences, we report the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Blechnaceae, including all genera widely recognised in recent treatments, and over half of the species. There is strong support for several major clades, which we characterise morphologically and geographically, and some of their interrelationships. Blechnum is confirmed as polyphyletic. Blechnum indicum and B. serrulatum are more closely related to Salpichlaena and Stenochlaena, and are segregated as a new genus, Telmatoblechnum. Alternative generic circumscriptions are discussed for the remainder of Blechnum. In the absence of morphological characters to diagnose the clades within core Blechnum, and for the sake of taxonomic stability, we advocate a broad circumscription for Blechnum. Brainea and Sadleria are retained as their relationships are not well resolved, but Doodia and Pteridoblechnum are clearly nested within the core of Blechnum and we provide four new names in Blechnum. Additionally, given the focus of our sampling, we discuss the biogeography of the south-west Pacific, where immigration has been more important in community assembly than what might be superficially inferred from patterns of endemism (with ca. 60% of species endemic to individual land areas). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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- View/download PDF
18. New molecular and morphological evidences favor a combination of Blechnum bakeri C.Chr. in Cranfillia Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida), thus extending the distribution of Cranfillia to Madagascar and East Africa
- Author
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Lucie Bauret, Rubén Vázquez, Sonia Molino, Myriam Gaudeul, France Rakotondrainibe, André Luís de Gasper, Germinal Rouhan, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Blechnaceae ,Cranfillia ,biology ,Austroblechnum ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,Plant Science ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Blechnum ,Tracheophyta ,Genus ,Evolutionary biology ,East africa ,Polypodiales ,Fern ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Taxonomy - Abstract
In the fern family Blechnaceae, Cranfillia Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich and Austroblechnum Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich are two genera recently described from the splitting of Blechnum L. The assignation of species to Cranfillia or Austroblechnum could be difficult due to their morphological similarities. Focusing on Austroblechnum bakeri (C.Chr.) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich, and based on new molecular and morphological evidence, we show that Austroblechnum bakeri actually belongs to the genus Cranfillia as Cranfillia bakeri (C.Chr.) Vazquez Ferreira & S. Molino, comb. nov. This new combination extends the distribution of the genus Cranfillia to Madagascar and East Africa. Additionally, we propose that partially adnate basal pairs of pinnae and deflexed first pair of pinnae could represent new diagnostic characters to distinguish Cranfillia from Austroblechnum. Finally, we provide a taxonomic treatment of Cranfillia bakeri with all recognized synonyms, and conduct detailed lectotypification for Blechnum bakeri C.Chr.
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- 2020
19. cpDNA supports the identification of the major lineages of American Blechnum (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida) established by morphology.
- Author
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GABRIEL Y GALÁN, Jose María, PRADA, Carmen, ROLLERI, Cristina, AINOUCHE, Abdelkader, and VICENT, María
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- *
CHLOROPLAST DNA , *BLECHNACEAE , *PLANT morphology , *PLANT species , *PLANT diversity , *PLANT genetics , *EFFECT of poisons on plants - Abstract
Blechnaceae is an important leptosporangiate family (9-10 genera, about 250 species). It is monophyletic and distributed mainly in tropical America and Australasia. Among the species 80% belong to Blechnum, a genus with a very complex taxonomy and uncertain internal relationships. In terms of American diversity, the results of morphological studies have arrived at 8 informal groups. Molecular works on this genus are scarce, and there is no information for the majority of American species. The main objective of this work was to evaluate whether the groups proposed to organise the diversity of American of Blechnum are consistent with a molecular analysis. We sequenced 2 chloroplastic regions from species representing all of the groups. In our molecular analysis most of the informal groups were maintained as well supported clades. Only 2 species, B. brasiliense and B. spicant, appear to be isolated from their alleged relatives. Combining our molecular results with previous morphological knowledge, we propose the recognition of 4 lineages: 1) B. serrulatum, 2) B. spicant, and 3) core Blechnum, which represents a large clade that can be divided into core Blechnum I (arborescent species, cordatoids, and B. brasiliense) and core Blechnum II (epiphytic species and herbaceous terrestrials, both monomorphic and dimorphic groups). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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20. MORPHOGENESIS OF THE GAMETOPHYTES OF EIGHT MEXICAN SPECIES OF BLECHNUM (BLECHNACEAE).
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Mendoza-Ruiz, Aniceto and Pérez-García, Blanca
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- *
COMPARATIVE studies , *CASE-control method , *COMPARATIVE method , *PLANTS , *FLOWERING of plants , *PLANT spores , *PLANT cells & tissues , *PLANT reproduction - Abstract
A comparative study of the gametophytes of eight Mexican species of the genus Blechnum (Blechnaceae) is described. Fertile plants for spore collection were obtained at different Mexican localities. The spores were sown in agar enriched with Thompson media and cultured at 22-25 °C, with a light regime of 12 hours. Spores of all species are monolete, ellipsoidal to spheroidal, and non-chlorophyllous. Vittaria-type germination occurred after 6-14 days followed by a 2-6-cell-long filament and Aspidium-type prothallial development. Adult gametophytes are cordiform-spatulate to cordiform-reniform and have wide wings with numerous unicellular marginal and superficial hairs. Sporophytes developed only in B. occidentale and B. polypodioides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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21. A molecular phylogeny for the New Zealand Blechnaceae ferns from analyses of chloroplast tmL-trnF DNA sequences.
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Shepherd, Lara D., Perrie, Leon R., Parris, Barbara S., and Brownsey, Patrick J.
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FERNS , *PLANT species , *PLANT phylogeny , *SPECIES hybridization , *PLANT chromosome numbers , *PHYLOGEOGRAPHY , *TAXONOMY - Abstract
The Blechnaceae is one of the most speciose fern families in New Zealand, with two genera represented: Blechnum and Doodia. We sequenced the chloroplast trnL-trnF locus for all of the Blechnaceae species indigenous to New Zealand, plus several non-indigenous species. Although deeper relationships were not well resolved by phylogenetic analyses of these DNA sequences, several groupings of species were consistently recovered. Some of these relationships have been previously suspected on the basis of morphological similarity and/or hybridisation (e.g., the B. procerum group), and are consistent with variation in base chromosome numbers, but others were unexpected (e.g., the relationship of B. fluviatile and B. vulcanicum). The species of Doodia sampled here were found to be monophyletic, and were nested within a paraphyletic Blechnum. Infraspecific variation in the trnL-trnF locus was detected within six New Zealand species, and may prove useful for future phylogeographic and taxonomic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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22. Two new species of Blechnum (Blechnaceae) from the neotropics.
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Rojas-Alvarado, Alexander
- Abstract
Blechnum moranianum is a new species similar to B. loxense, and B. nigrum is segregated from the B. fragile complex. Both are described and illustrated as result of the author's taxonomic fern work in Costa Rica. Blechnum moranianum es una especie nueva similar a B. loxense, y B. nigrum es segregada del complejo B. fragile. Ambas son aquí descritas e ilustradas como resultado de los trabajos taxonómicos del autor en los helechos de Costa Rica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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23. Blechnum indicum Burm. f
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Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W., and Fumeaux, Nicolas
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Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnum indicum ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum indicum Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 231. 1768 [nom. cons. prop., in prep.]. ≡ Telmatoblechnum indicum (Burm. f.) Perrie, D.J. Ohlsen & Brownsey in Taxon 63: 755. 2014. Typus: AUSTRALIA. New South Wales: Evans Head behind surf shed, 18.XI.1972, Coveny 4712 (NSW [NSW267420] image seen; iso-: A, AD, BM [BM001048200] image seen, BRI [BRI-AQ0020702] image seen, G, K [K001092743, K001092744] images seen, L, LE, TNS, UC [UC1431736] image seen) [typ. cons. prop., in prep.]. Notes. – BURMAN (1768: 231) ’s description was based on a Pryon collection from Java. Asingle Pryon collection is preserved in G-PREL [G00800023] (Fig. 2). It bears in Pryon’s handwriting the polynomial cited in the protologue (“ Filix lonchitidis facie alis denticulatis dupliciter auriculatis ”) and undoubtedly corresponds to the description. CHAMBERS & FARRANT (1998a: 710; 2001: 315) erroneously stated that the type was lost and replaced by the extant Pryon specimen mentioned above, which would not match the description of the species and thus the plants currently known as Blechnum indicum, but the widespread Asplenium longissimum Blume published in 1828 (BLUME, 1828), as correctly determined by F. Ballard (on Sept. 10, 1951). They designated therefore a neotype. As the Pryon specimen clearly represents the type of Burman’s name, making it the oldest available name for A. longissimum, Chambers & Farrant’s neotypification cannot be accepted. In order to enable the further use of both names and to preserve nomenclatural stability (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 14.2), a proposal to conserve Burman’s name with a conserved type is needed (MAZUMDAR et al., in prep.). The gathering selected by Chambers & Ferrant as neotype will be retained as conserved type., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 96, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","CHAMBERS, T. C. & P. A. FARRANT (1998 a). Blechnaceae, Blechnum. In: ORCHARD, A. E. & P. M. MCCARTHY MCCARTHY (ed.), Fl. Australia 48: 364 - 384; 710 (appendix).","CHAMBERS, T. C. & P. A. FARRANT (2001). Revision of Blechnum in Malesia. Blumea 46: 283 - 350.","BLUME, C. L. (1828). Enumeratio plantarum Javae et insularum adjacentium. Leiden.","TURLAND, N. J., J. H. WIERSEMA, F. R. BARRIE, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, W. - H. KUSBER, D. - Z. LI, K. MARHOLD, T. W. MAY, J. MCNEILL, A. M. MONRO, J. PRADO, M. J. PRICE & G. F. SMITH (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159."]}
- Published
- 2019
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24. A synopsis of the fern family Blechnaceae in Santa Catarina, Brazil: reviewing Sehnem’s 1968 flora
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André Luís de Gasper, Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich, and Guilherme Salgado Grittz
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eupolypods II ,0106 biological sciences ,helechos ,Blechnaceae ,Flora ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Brasil ,eupolipoideas II ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,pteridophytes ,Blechnum ,Geography ,ferns ,pteridófitos ,Ethnology ,Fern ,Nomenclature ,Brazil ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We reviewed the fern family Blechnaceae in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, in order to update the work done by Sehnem in Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Ten genera and 21 species in the family have been recognized. In this work, descriptions and identification keys for the species are presented, as well as comments and a comparative list of Sehnem’s nomenclature and the current state-of-the-art in Blechnaceae nomenclature. Revisamos la familia de helecho Blechnaceae para Santa Catarina, sur de Brasil, con el objetivo de actualizar el trabajo realizado por Sehnem en Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Se han reconocido diez géneros y 21 especies dentro de la familia. En este trabajo se presentan descripciones y claves de identificación de la especie, así como comentarios y una lista comparativa de la nomenclatura de Sehnem y el estado actual de la nomenclatura de Blechnaceae.
- Published
- 2021
25. Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXIII. Blechnaceae
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Alan R. Smith, Michael Kessler, and University of Zurich
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Blechnaceae ,biology ,Plant Science ,580 Plants (Botany) ,biology.organism_classification ,Blechnum ,10121 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany ,1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Plant morphology ,Genus ,Botany ,1110 Plant Science ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Fern ,10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
We provide a synopsis to the 46 species of Blechnaceae in 10 genera currently known from Bolivia, including the description of two species new to science: Blechnum tomentosum and Parablechnum wohlgemuthii. No less than 12 species are currently known only from Bolivia, making this country exceptional for the diversity of the genus.
- Published
- 2018
26. Blechnum obtusum (Blechnaceae), a new species from western Venezuela.
- Author
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Moran, Robbin and Smith, Alan
- Abstract
Blechnum obtusum is described and illustrated as a new species. It grows in páramos of western Venezuela and most resembles B. werffii of Costa Rica and Panama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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27. Two New Species of the Fern Genus Blechnumwith Partially Anastomosing Veins from Northern Brazil
- Author
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Thaís Elias Almeida, Alexandre Salino, and Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich
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Blechnaceae ,Sporangium ,Blechnum longipilosum ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Lanceola ,biology.organism_classification ,Blechnum ,Leaf blade ,Botany ,Genetics ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Fern ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Two new species of Blechnum from Para State, northern Brazil, are described along with a diagnostic key and illustrations: Blechnum areolatum and B. longipilosum (Blechnaceae). Blechnum areolatum can be distinguished by: partially anastomosing veins, one or two pairs of pinnae and one- to two-celled hairs present only on the abaxial side of leaf blade. Blechnum longipilosum is characterized by: partially anastomosing veins, one to three pairs of reduced proximal pinnae and long hairs on rachises, costae, veins, laminar tissue, and indusia between sporangia. Both plants belong to the B. occidentale L. complex. Blechnum areolatum is similar to some specimens of B. lanceola Sw. with one pair of pinnae, but the veins in the latter species are completely free. Blechnum longipilosum has no known close relatives. The only Neotropical species so far known with partially anastomosing veins is B. heringeri Brade, which has erect rhizomes (vs. short creeping in B. longipilosum) and short, two- to three-cell...
- Published
- 2012
28. Stomatal frequency and gas exchange differs in two Blechnum species (Pteridophyta, Blechnaceae) with contrasting ecological breadth
- Author
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Alfredo Saldaña, Eduardo Navarrete, and Cristian Atala
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stomatal index ,Blechnaceae ,Ecology ,stomatal size ,fungi ,gas exchange ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Blechnum ,stomatal density ,evergreen temperate forest ,Humanities - Abstract
En el bosque templado de Chile, el helecho Blechnum chilense se encuentra principalmente en lugares abiertos y soleados, mientras que el helecho Blechnum mochaenum esta restringido a lugares sombrios. En este estudio se evalua si ambas especies de Blechnum, de lugares abiertos y sombreados, se comportan de manera similar respecto de sus rasgos anatomicos y fisiologicos, y si existe diferencia en la correlacion entre estos rasgos. Se midio la tasa fotosintetica maxima (Amax), conductancia estomatica (gs), evapotranspiracion (E) y SLA (area foliar especifica) in situ en 20 individuos de cada especie de helecho. Adicionalmente, se estimo la densidad estomatica (SD), el indice estomatico (SI) y el tamano de los estomas en hojas de cada individuo muestreado. Blechnum mochaenum, la especies sombra-tolerante, presento menor SD, SI, Amax y E, y mayor tamano de estomas y SLA que B. chilense. Una frecuencia estomatica mayor podria resultar en una mayor tasa de intercambio de gases en los sitios abiertos para B. chilense. La fisiologia de las hojas de estas especies de helechos parece depender, en parte, de las caracteristicas estomaticas.
- Published
- 2012
29. Biometry of stomata in Blechnum species (Blechnaceae) with some taxonomic and ecological implications for the ferns
- Author
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Cristina Martínez-Calvo, Carmen Prada, Cristina Hilda Rolleri, Rafael Lahoz-Beltra, and Jose María Gabriel y Galán
- Subjects
Blechnaceae ,helechos ,Biometry ,stomatal size ,selection ,SELECCIÓN ,FRECUENCIA ESTOMÁTICA ,Blechnum ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Ciencias Biológicas ,Altitude ,tamaño estomático ,Genus ,ferns ,autoecología ,Botany ,Ecosystem ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Ciencias de las Plantas, Botánica ,biology ,Ecology ,BLECHNUM ,HELECHOS ,autoecology ,biology.organism_classification ,TAMAÑO ESTOMÁTICO ,Habitat ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,selección ,Botánica ,Plant Stomata ,AUTOECOLOGÍA ,Habit (biology) ,frecuencia estomática ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,stomatal frequency ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS - Abstract
Los caracteres morfológicos estomáticos, tales como tamaño, forma y frecuencia, han sido objeto de abundante investigación, incluyendo su relación con los factores ambientales. Sin embargo, poco esfuerzo se ha realizado en esta materia en helechos y menos todavía en el género Blechnum. En este trabajo se midieron la longitud, anchura y frecuencia (como índice estomático) de estomas de pin-nas adultas de un número de individuos en catorce especies de Blechnum neotropicales. El objetivo fue encontrar rela-ciones biométricas entre los caracteres estomáticos, y entre los caracteres estomáticos y el hábito, hábitat y ecosistema de las plantas. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos como Análisis Exploratorios de Datos y Métodos Estadísticos Multivariantes. La longitud y la anchura de los estomas mostraron una muy fuerte correlación, sugiriendo un control genético endógeno que otorga a estos caracteres un considerable valor diagnóstico. Con respecto a las relaciones entre los caracteres estomáticos y el ambiente, encontramos una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la altitud y el índice estomático. También se incluyen interpretaciones de la significación ecológico-selectiva de un conjunto de caracteres estomáticos en diferentes conjun-tos de hábitos, hábitats y ecosistemas. Morphological stomatal traits, such as size, form and frequency, have been subject of much literature, including their relationships with environmental factors. However, little effort have focused on ferns, and very few in the genus Blechnum. Stomatal length, width and frequency (as stomatal index) of a number of specimens of fourteen Neotropical species of Blechnum were measured in adult pinnae. The aim of the work was to find biometrical relationships between stomatal traits and between stomatal traits and habit, habitat and ecosystem of the plants. Statistical analyses of data were conducted using Exploratory Data Analysis and Multivariate Statistical Methods. Stomatal length and width showed a very high correlation, suggesting an endogenous, genetic control, thus giving these traits a considerable diagnostic utility. With respect to the relationships between stomatal traits and environment, we found significant statistical relationships between altitude and stomatal index. We also addressed the interpretation of the ecological-selective significance of various assemblages of stomatal traits in a diverse conjunction of habits, habitats and ecosystems. Fil: Gabriel y Galán, José María. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; España Fil: Prada, Carmen. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; España Fil: Rolleri, Cristina Hilda. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Estudios de Anatomía Vegetal Evolutiva y Sistemática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina Fil: Lahoz Beltrá, Rafael. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; España Fil: Martinez Calvo, Evangelina Cristina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Biología; España
- Published
- 2011
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30. One forgotten name, and another misinterpreted, in Lomariocycas (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida)
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Sonia Molino, Jose María Gabriel y Galán, and María Vicent
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Blechnaceae ,Genus ,Botany ,Blechnum yungense ,Lomariocycas ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Blechnum ,Pteridophyte - Abstract
Blechnaceae Newman (1844: 8) is a subcosmopolitan family of leptosporangiate ferns (Polypodiopsida), which comprises around 250 species (Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016). Until recently, most of this diversity fell under one, large genus Blechnum Linnaeus (1753: 1077), but after the accumulation of strong evidence of its non-monophyletic status (Shepherd et al. 2007, Gabriel y Galán et al. 2013, Perrie et al. 2014, Gasper et al. 2017), it was split into several entities. Thus, in its current conception, Blechnaceae is formed by 24 genera (Pteridophte Phylogeny Group 2016).
- Published
- 2018
31. Estudios esporales en especies del grupo Blechnum penna-marina (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta)
- Author
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Lilian Mónica Passarelli
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Blechnaceae ,biology ,Botánica ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,biology.organism_classification ,Humanities ,Blechnum - Abstract
Study of the spores of species of the Blechnum penna-marina group (BlechnaceaePteridophyta). The spores of eleven taxa of the Blechnum penna-marina group, B.asperum, B. blechnoides, B. corralense, B. fernandezianum, B. microphyllum, B. mochaenum subsp. achalense, B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum, B. mochaenum subsp. squamipes, B. penna-marina, B. spicant, and B. stoloniferum were studied with light, and scanning electron microscopes . Spores are monolete and ellipsoidal in all taxa, with macro-ornamentation predominantly among muriform types. Sporoderm consists of a psilate, rugulate, or more or less supperficially granulate exospore, and a rugate, rugulate, venulose-rugulate, fossulate-rugulate, cristate-reticulate perispore. An exception are B. fernandezianum spores, with psilate perispores that bear orbicules. The perispore is a stratified, rather complex wall formed by three strata of different thickness and morphology: an outer continuous stratum, which bears the elements of the sculpture, a middle stratum which is alveolate, foliose or bear pillar-like elements, and a very thin, not clearly defined inner stratum. Blechnum mochaenum subsp. mochaenum and B. penna-marina showed larger spores in some specimens, a condition that may be related with different ploidia. Macro-ornamentation and morphology of the perispore of some taxa is also found in species of other groups of Blechnum. Performed studies suggest that spore characters do not define a particular group but the taxa, which is considered a new promising perspective for the systematic of the whole genus.Key words. Blechnaceae, Blechnum, B. penna-marina group, spores, morphology, systematicsRESUMEN. Estudios esporales en especies del grupo Blechnum penna-marina (BlechnaceaePteridophyta). Las esporas de once taxones del grupo B. penna marina, B. asperum, B. blechnoides, B. corralense, B. fernandezianum, B. microphyllum, B. mochaenum subsp. achalense, B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum, B. mochaenum subsp. squamipes, B. penna-marina, B. spicant y B. stoloniferum se estudiaron con microscopio de luz y electrónico de barrido. Las esporas son monoletes y elipsoidales en todos los taxones, con macro-ornamentación predominantemente muriforme. El esporodermo consiste de un exosporio psilado, rugulado o con superficie granular y un perisporio rugado, rugulado, venuloso-rugulado, fosulado-rugulado o crestado-reticulado. Una excepción son las esporas de B. fernandezianum, con perisporios psilados con orbículas. El perisporio es estratificado, con capas de diferente morfología y espesor: una capa externa continua, que soporta los elementos de la escultura, una media, alveolar, foliosa o con elementos columnares y una interna muy delgada que no siempre se distingue claramente. Algunos ejemplares de B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum y B. penna-marina mostraron esporas más grandes en algunos ejemplares, lo que podría relacionarse con diferentes niveles de ploidía. La macro-ornamentación de las esporas y la morfología de las capas observadas en algunos taxones se encuentra también en esporas de otros grupos del género. Los estudios llevados a cabo sugieren que los rasgos esporales no definen un grupo particular sino taxones, una conclusión que abre perspectivas prometedoras para la sistemática del género.Palabras clave. Blechnaceae, Blechnum, grupo B. penna-marina, esporas, morfologia, sistemática
- Published
- 2007
32. Ten New Species and Two New Combinations of Blechnum (Blechnaceae, Pteridophyta) from Bolivia
- Author
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Alan R. Smith, Marcus Lehnert, and Michael Kessler
- Subjects
Smilodon ,Blechnaceae ,biology ,Genus ,Botany ,Key (lock) ,Blechnum gracilipes ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Repens ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Blechnum - Abstract
We describe ten new species of Blechnum (Blechnaceae, Pteridophyta) from Bolivia and provide a key to the Bolivian species of the genus. The new species are: B. bicolor, B. bolivianum, B. bruneum, B. cochabambense, B. pazense, B. reflexum, B. repens, B. smilodon, B. squamatum, and B. vallegrandense. Blechnum gracilipes and B. squamipes are elevated to species rank.
- Published
- 2007
33. Morfogénesis de la fase sexual de Blechnum chilense y Blechnum cycadifolium (Pterophyta: Blechnaceae)
- Author
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Pérez-García, B., Mendoza, A., and Ricci, M.
- Subjects
gametophytes ,blechnaceae ,morphogenesis ,sexual phase ,pteridophyta ,Chile ,blechnum ,South- America - Abstract
The results of morphogenetic studies of the sexual phase of Blechnum chilense and B. cycadifolium are presented in this paper. In both species the spores are monolete, ellipsoidal, non-chIorophyllous, and the germination is of the Vittaria-type. The development pattern of the prothallia is of the Aspidium-type in B. cycadifolium for the unicellular, papilated and secretory trichomes, and the Adiantum-type in B. chilense, whose prothallia are naked. The adult gametophyte of B. cycadifolium is cordate-spatulate and with trichomes and in B. chilense, it is cordate-reniform and naked. The gametangia of B. chilense are of the common type of the leptosporangiate ferns. The first leaves appeared after 4'/2 months in B. chilense and in B. cycadifolium after 7 months of culture. Se presentan los estudiosrnorfogenéticos de la fase sexual de Blechnum chilense y B. cycadifolium. Las esporas de ambas especies son monoletas, elipsoidales, no clorofílicas y su germinación es déltipo Vittaria. El patrón de desarrollo protálico de B. cycadifolium es del tipo Aspidium por presentar tricomas unicelul&"es, papilados y secretores y el de B. chilense es del tipo Á;{iiantum por carecer de tricomas. El gametofito adulto de B. cycadifolium es cordiforme- espatulado y piloso y el de B. chilense es cordiforme- reniforme y glabro. En E. chilense los gametangios son del tipo común presente en los helechos leptosporangiados y las primeras hojas se formaron a los 4 meses y medio en B. chilense y a los 7 meses en B. cycadifolium.
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- 2015
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34. Una nueva especie de Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) en el neotrópico
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Alexander Francisco Rojas Alvarado
- Subjects
Blechnaceae ,Blechnum ,biology ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Humanities ,región neotropical ,Pteridophyta - Abstract
A new species, Blechnum fuscosquamosum A.Rojas (Blechnaceae) from the Neotropics is here described. It is distinguished from B. fragile (Liebm.) C.V.Morton & Lellinger by its shorter (5-10 mm vs. 8-15 mm), brown to dark brown (vs. brown-yellowish) rhizome scales with acute apex (vs. long attenuate apex), lanceolate to linear-lanceolate (vs. long attenuate) blade, 25-35 pinna pairs [vs. (35-) 40-80 pairs], relatively longer (4-6.5 cm vs. 2.8-5.0 cm) pinnae, 1.5-3.0 mm wide [(vs. 1.0-1.5 (-2.0) mm] fertile pinnae and distribution at higher elevations (2400-3000 m vs. 800-2100 m). Se describe la nueva especie B. fuscosquamosum A.Rojas (Blechnaceae) de la región neotropical. La especie más cercana es B. fragile (Liebm.) C.V.Morton & Lellinger, con la cual se compara.
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- 2015
35. Revisión de los grupos de especies del género Blechnum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta): el grupo B. penna-marina
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Carmen Prada and Cristina Hilda Rolleri
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,biology ,Botánica ,estatus nuevos ,caracteres diagnósticos ,Helechos ,biology.organism_classification ,Blechnaceae ,Blechnum ,Esporas ,Ciencias Naturales ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,grupos de especies ,Humanities - Abstract
Revisión de los grupos de especies del género Blechnum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta): el grupo B. penna-marina. Blechnum asperum, B. penna-marina, B. spicant y B. stoloniferum (grupo B. penna-marina) se estudian aquí conjuntamente con‘B. blechnoides, B. corralense, B. fernandezianum, B. lehmannii, B. microphyllum, B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum, B. mochaenum subsp. achalense y B. mochaenum subsp. squamipes. Los esporófitos de estos taxones son pequeños a medianos, con rizomas postrados a erectos y frondas dimórficas. Los caracteres analizados fueron: tipo de rizoma, indumento de ejes y lámina, arquitectura de las frondas, todas con segmentos adnatos y estípites con tres haces vasculares, venación, morfología interna de los segmentos, tales como estructura marginal, modelos epidérmicos de la lámina, estomas, hidatodos, secciones transversales de los estípites, modelos epidérmicos de los indusios y esporas. Esos caracteres resultan‘diagnósticos para distinguir los taxones. Se encontraron protuberancias intercelulares pécticas (PIP) en forma de verrugas y filamentos cortos en el mesofilo y tejidos parenquimáticos del estípite y raquis de algunas especies. En el parénquima de los estípites se acumula a menudo almidón de granos simples, elipsoidales. Las esporas son monoletes, aclorofílicas, con esporodermo formado por un exosporio psilado y un perisporio cuya ornamentación varía en los niveles específico e infraspecífico. Tres especímenes de B. penna-marina y tres de B. mochaenum subsps. mochaenum presentaron esporas, células epidérmicas y estomas más grandes que el resto, lo que sugiere diferencias de ploidía, aunque esos ejemplares no muestran variaciones morfológicas externas o internas. Se ha cambiado el estatus de las variedades de B. mochaenum como sigue: B. mochaenum var. fernandezianum es reconocido con el rango de especie, mientras que B. mochaenum var. squamipes y B. mochaenum var. achalense son elevadas al rango de subespecie. Blechnum microphyllum se trata aquí como una especie bien caracterizada y no una subespecie de B. penna-marina. Las plantas de B. penna-marina de Argentina, Brasil y Chile varían algo en el tamaño, pero los rasgos de la morfología interna son muy constantes y no se han reconocido subespecies en el área. Se presenta una descripción completa de los taxones, se actualizan aspectos nomenclaturales, sinonimia, tipos, distribución geográfica, ecología, se da una clave para su determinación y se discute la importancia de los caracteres analizados para redefinir el grupo., Laboratorio de Estudios de Anatomía Vegetal Evolutiva y Sistemática
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- 2006
36. Two new species of Blechnum (Blechnaceae) from the neotropics
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Alexander Fco Rojas-Alvarado
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Plant ecology ,Blechnaceae ,biology ,Ecology ,Botany ,Plant Science ,Fern ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Blechnum - Abstract
Blechnum moranianum is a new species similar to B. loxense, and B. nigrum is segregated from the B. fragile complex. Both are described and illustrated as result of the author's taxonomic fern work in Costa Rica.
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- 2006
37. Samambaias e licófitas do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil: Blechnaceae
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Augusto César Pessôa Santiago, Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich, and Iva Carneiro Leão Barros
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Blechnaceae ,biology ,Blechnum polypodioides ,Floresta Atlântica ,Pteridófitas ,Blechnum brasiliense ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Salpichlaena ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Geographic distribution ,Pteridophytes ,Geography ,Blechnum ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:Botany ,Atlantic Forest ,Salpichlaena volubilis ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 - Abstract
O presente trabalho visa dar continuidade a série de monografias das famílias de samambaias e licófitas no estado de Pernambuco, apresentando o estudo da família Blechnaceae. São registradas cinco espécies, distribuídas em dois gêneros (Blechnum brasiliense, B. occidentale, B. polypodioides, B. serrulatum e Salpichlaena volubilis). Blechnum polypodioides é registrado pela primeira vez para o estado. São apresentados chave de identificação, descrições e ilustrações, bem como comentários taxonômicos e sobre a distribuição geográfica das espécies. This work aims to continue the series of monographs of the families of ferns and lycophytes in the state of Pernambuco, and is concerned with the family Blechnaceae. Five species in two genera are recorded for Pernambuco (Blechnum brasiliense, B. occidentale, B. polypodioides, B. serrulatum, and Salpichlaena volubilis). Blechnum polypodioides is recorded for the first time to the state. Identification keys, descriptions and illustrations are provided, as well as taxonomic remarks and comments about geographic distribution of the species.
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- 2014
38. The family Blechnaceae (Polypodiopsida) in Brazil: key to the genera and taxonomic treatment of Austroblechnum, Cranfillia, Lomaridium, Neoblechnum and Telmatoblechnum for southern and southeastern Brazil
- Author
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André Luís de Gasper, Reinaldo Monteiro, Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich, and Alexandre Salino
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010506 paleontology ,Cranfillia ,Blechnaceae ,biology ,Eupolypods II ,Ecology ,Austroblechnum ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Blechnum ,Key (lock) ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Fern ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A taxonomic study of the fern genera Austroblechnum, Cranfillia, Neoblechnum, Lomaridium, and Telmatoblechnum, formerly Blechnum s.l. (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida), was conducted in southern and southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul) and 11 species were recognized (six of Austroblechnum, two of Cranfillia, one of Neoblechnum, one of Lomaridium, and one of Telmatoblechnum). One species has a circum-Antarctic distribution (plus Mexico), three species have a broadly Neotropical distribution, six species are restricted or almost restricted to South America and one is endemic to Brazil. New records are presented for six species in states from southeastern Brazil, in other regions of the country, as well as in other countries. Taxonomic descriptions, synonymies, lectotypifications, geographical distributions, and comments are presented for all genera and species occurring in the study area. We also give keys for the identification of Brazilian genera of Blechnaceae and for species of the genera treated here.
- Published
- 2017
39. New combinations in Struthiopteris spicant for the European flora
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Rubén Pino Pérez, Jose María Gabriel y Galán, and Pawel Wasowicz
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0106 biological sciences ,Blechnaceae ,biology ,Zoology ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Blechnum ,Genus ,Phylogenetic relation ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Fern ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Delimitation of genera in Blechnaceae Newman (1844: 8), a subcosmopolitan fern family with ca. 250 species, has remained uncertain for a long time. During the last decade, evidence has been accumulating about the polyphyletism within Blechnum Linnaeus (1753: 1077) (e.g. Shepherd et al . 2007, Rothfels et al . 2012, Gabriel y Galan et al . 2013, Perrie et al . 2014). Recent molecular studies (Gasper et al . 2016a) lead to an updated classification attempting to put morphological characters into a natural, phylogenetic relation (Gasper et al . 2016b). Because of these changes, the species most people associate with the genus Blechnum , B. spicant (Linnaeus 1753: 1066) Roth (1794: 56), is now treated under Struthiopteris Scopoli (1754: 25).
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- 2017
40. Parablechnum roraimense and P. paucipinna spp. nov. (Blechnaceae: Polypodiopsida), lectotypification of P. stuebelii, and citation corrections in the family
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André Luís de Gasper, Alan R. Smith, and Vinícius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich
- Subjects
Blechnaceae ,Herbarium ,biology ,Botany ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Citation ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Blechnum - Abstract
We describe here two new species of Parablechnum from the Neotropics. One of them, P. roraimense, was discovered as a result of visits to the herbaria BM, K, P, PR, and S, as part of the Reflora Project, by the first author. The other new species, P. paucipinna, is from eastern Venezuela. Additionally, we lectotypify a very distinctive Parablechnum, P. stuebelii described from Colombia, now known also from Ecuador and Peru. Finally, we correct five combinations in the family.
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- 2017
41. Las Blechnaceae de la selva de neblina de monte Zerpa, Mérida, Venezuela
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Akirov, Iván
- Subjects
Pteridofita ,Pittieria ,Blechnum ,Selva de neblina ,Medio Ambiente ,Revistas ,Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales ,Mist-forest ,Departamento de Botánica ,Artículos [Pittieria] ,Mérida ,Venezuela ,Blechnaceae - Abstract
Bastante bien definida como familia, la Blechnaceae es un grupo constituido por unas 250 especies en el mundo y probablemente relacionado a Dryopteridaceae y a Onocleaceae. Blechnum es el género representativo y más numeroso de la familia, con hasta unas 200 especies. En Venezuela sólo unas 26 especies pueden ser halladas, repartidas en los géneros Blechnum y Salpichlaena, existiendo en Mérida 13 de éstas. Pueden encontrarse especies terrestres como escandente-epífitas, caracterizadas por lo general por rizomas dictiostélicos, frondes dimórficas, con venación libre furcada, soros lineales próximos a la costa, indusiados y esporas monoletes. En la selva de neblina de Monte Zerpa ocurren cinco especies circunscritas al género Blechnum, notándose que B. werckleanum es un registro nuevo para la entidad. Con base en el material colectado se elaboraron descripciones morfológicas e ilustraciones de cada una de estas especies y una clave para su identificación. Well defined as a family, Blechnaceae is a group of about 250 species worldwide, likely related to Dryopteridaceae and Onocleaceae. Blechnum is the most representative and rich genus in the family, comprising up to 200 species. In Venezuela occur 26 species of Blechnum and Salpichlaena, while 13 in Mérida. There are terrestrial and scandentepiphytic species, generally characterized by dictyostelic rhizoms, dimorphic fronds, free furcate veins, lineal indusiated sori next to costae, and monolete spores. At Monte Zerpa mist-forest occur five species circumscribed into Blechnum, being B. werckleanum a new record for the state. Based on collected material, morphological descriptions and illustrations of each species are made and a key for identification is given. 43-57 iakirov@gmail.com Anual
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- 2014
42. Blechnum xiphophyllum C. Chr
- Author
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Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie, and Reeb, Catherine
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Blechnum xiphophyllum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum xiphophyllum (Baker) C.Chr. (Figs 21 C-E, B; 25; Tableau 2) Index Filicum: 161 (1905); Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: 107 (1932). — Blechnum simillimum (Baker) Diels var. xiphophyllum (Baker) Tardieu, in Humbert (éd.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, fam. 5 (11): 11, fig. 3, 3 (1960). — Lomaria xiphophylla Baker, Journal of Botany, British and Foreign: 142 (1884). — Type: Madagascar, Humblot 442 (lecto-, K000435909 -photo!; isolecto-, P [P01632134, P01632135, P01632136, P01632137, P01632138, P01632139]!), lectotype désigné par Christensen in Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: légende de la planche 40 (1932). AUTRES SPÉCIMENS DE MADAGASCAR EXAMINÉS. — [MORamanga], forêt d’Analamazaotra, Imra (Boiteau) 151 (P); Ambatondrazaka, Onibe, Sahalampy, 700 m, XI.1938, Cours 1047 (P); [Ambositra], Ambohimitombo forest, 27.XII.1894, Forsyth Major 196 (G); « Ambanivolo », ann. 1833, Goudot s.n. (G); Lac Alaotra, chutes du Maningory, XII.1944, Homolle 559 (P); S.loc., s.d., Humblot 257 (syn-, P); Localité illisible, Jardin Botanique 2995 (P); au sud de Moramanga, entre Sandrangato et Anosibe, 800-1100 m, 03-07.XI.1952, Leandri 1562 (P), 1660 (P), 1667 (P), 1697 bis (P); Centre-Est, forêt d’Analamazaotra, 800 m, s.d., Perrier de la Bâthie 6095 (P); Forêt d’Analamazaotra, ann. 1980, Proisy et al. 180 (P); La Mandraka, VI.1980, Proisy et al. 291 (P); Fianarantsoa, Ikongo, 680 m, Rabarimanarivo 130 (P); Toamasina, Moramanga, Périnet, 09.XII.1982, Rakotondrainibe 300 (P); Fianarantsoa, Vohitrafeno, Forêt de Vinanitelo, 1000 m, 26-28.X.2000, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6124 (P), 6135 bis (P); Antsiranana, Doany, réserve du Marojejy, partie occidentale, 800 m, 17.X.1001, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6280 (P); Tolanaro, forêt d’Ankarambilo au dessus du domaine St Jacques, 500 m, 27.XI.2004, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6984 (K, P, MO, TAN), 6984 bis (P, TAN), 6984 ter (P, TAN); Ambatondrazaka, réserve de Zahamena, 1107 m, 27.I.2001, Rasolohery 214 (P); Toamasina, Vavatenina, réserve de Zahamena, 650- 13. VI.2001, Rasolohery 531 (P); Toamasina, Vavatenina, réserve de Zahamena, 1100 m, 31.I.2002, Rasolohery 589 (P); Ambatondrazaka, Manakambahiny-Est, 900 m, 19.IX.2002, Ratovoson et al. 676 (P); Antsiranana, Andapa, Anjialavabe, Ankiakabe, forêt d’Antsahaberaoka, 952 m, 11.II.2007, Razakamalala et al. 3222 (P); Moramanga, réserve spéciale d’Analamazaotra, 09.XI.2011, Rouhan et al. 1368 (P); Andasibe, forêt de Mantadia, 900-1200 m, 04-09.XI.1994, van der Werff et al. 13656 (P), 13761 (P). DISTRIBUTION GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET ÉCOLOGIE. — Endémique de Madagascar; du nord au sud de l’Île entre (500)700 et 1100 m d’altitude; forêt dense humide plus ou moins anthropisée, souvent sur les berges des rivières; assez fréquente, terrestre ou épiphyte, plus rarement épilithe. DESCRIPTION Rhizome dressé, subdressé ou courtement rampant, portant des écailles étroitement lancéolées, à marge entière ou munie de quelques prolongements courts, ténus, certaines bicolores, brun clair avec une pseudonervure brun foncé ou noire, d’autres unicolores, brun clair. Frondes en touffe ou peu espacées, les stériles et les fertiles dimorphes. Fronde stérile avec un pétiole long de 23-29 cm, nu ou auriculé, portant à l’extrême base les mêmes écailles que celles du rhizome. Limbe stérile lancéolé, subcoriace, glabre, long de 40-50 cm, 1-penné sur presque toute sa longueur; 5-34 paires de pennes latérales; les moyennes entières, elliptiques, non contiguës, de 8-15,5 × 1-2,1 cm, partiellement adnées ou libres, sessiles, à base cunéiforme; généralement 1-2 paires subapicales largement adnées, à base élargie, contiguë; les proximales peu ou pas réduites ou brusquement transformées en auricules minuscules. Nervures latérales des pennes simples ou bifurquées, hydathodes légèrement proéminents, apparents sur la face adaxiale du limbe. Fronde fertile de même longueur ou plus courte que la stérile, rarement plus longue; limbe 1-penné; pennes fertiles linéaires, large de 0,1-0,3 cm, entièrement recouvertes par les sporanges. Sores linéaires, continus; indusie à marge entière à maturité., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie & Reeb, Catherine, 2013, Révision synoptique du genre Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) à Madagascar, pp. 151-193 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on pages 187-188, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5206321, {"references":["CHRISTENSEN C. 1932. - The Pteridophyta of Madagascar. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: [i] - xv, [1] - 253, 80 pls.","TARDIEU- BLOT M. - L. 1960. - Blechnacees, in HUMBERT H. (ed.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, famille 511. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 1 - 19."]}
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- 2013
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43. Blechnum ivohibense var. hirsutum C. Chr
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Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie, and Reeb, Catherine
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ivohibense c.chr. var. hirsutum c.chr ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnum ivohibense ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
LECTOTYPIFICATION DE BLECHNUM IVOHIBENSE C.CHR. VAR. HIRSUTUM C.CHR. Dans sa publication originale, Christensen cite trois récoltes représentées chacune par deux parts: Humbert 3299 (BM001066247 in herbier Christensen; P01625808), Perrier 7550 [p.p.] (BM in herbier Christensen; P00835613) et Perrier 7625 (P01625803; P01625802). Nous choisissons comme lectotype la récolte Humbert 3299 dont les deux parts sont homogènes et représentées par des spécimens dont la morphologie est conforme à la diagnose. Ces spécimens possèdent un rachis et des nervures hirsutes. Les deux autres récoltes sont hétérogènes avec chacune un spécimen à rachis et nervures hirsutes (pour Perrier 7550, la part de BM et pour Perrier 7625, la part P01625803) et une autre avec rachis et nervures glabres ou subglabres (P01625804 et P01625802)., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie & Reeb, Catherine, 2013, Révision synoptique du genre Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) à Madagascar, pp. 151-193 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on page 163, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5206321
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- 2013
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44. Blechnum xiphophyllum x attenuatum
- Author
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Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie, and Reeb, Catherine
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Blechnum xiphophyllum x attenuatum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum xiphophyllum × B. attenuatum MATÉRIEL EXAMINÉ. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Andapa, forêt de Betaolana, à 8,5 km au nord-ouest du village d’Ambodiangezoka, 800-950 m, 08.X.1999, Rakotondrainibe et al 4847 (P00179408, P00835617 [2 parts]); Centre, Bassin du haut Bemarivo, plateau d’Amberimay, vers 1000 m, ann. 1907, Perrier de la Bâthie 7695 p.p. (P). DESCRIPTION (Ne concerne que le spécimen Rakotondrainibe et al. 4847, le spécimen Perrier 7695 étant trop fragmentaire) Rhizome grimpant de 1-1,3 cm de diamètre portant de nombreuses écailles étroitement lancéolées, longues de 10-21 mm, bicolores, à pseudonervure épaisse, noire, marge claire munie de quelques prolongements courts, épars, apex plus ou moins vrillé, et quelques écailles plus petites, membraneuses, unicolores, brun roux. Frondes stérile et fertile dimorphes. Pétiole de la fronde stérile long de 27 cm portant à l’extrême base les mêmes écailles que le pétiole et sur toute leur longueur trois paires d’auricules minuscules, très espacées. Limbe stérile subcoriace, elliptique, progressivement rétréci vers la base et le sommet, long de 82 cm, pinnatiséqué dans la moitié distale, 1-penné dans la moitié proximale,50 paires de pennes;les moyennes de9,5-10,5 ×0,8-1,0 cm, adnées, à base plus ou moins rétrécie, espacées d’au moins leur largeur; les proximales libres, sessiles, espacées d’environ deux fois leur largeur; les distales adnées, à base élargie, contiguë. Rachis, et costae glabres; nervures latérales des pennes simples ou bifurquées. Spécimen stérile. REMARQUES Le spécimen Rakotondrainibe et al. 4847 présente une morphologie intermédiaire entre celle des deux parents présumés Blechnum attenuatum et B. xiphophyllum (Tableau 4). Comme chez B. attenuatum, la moitié supérieure du limbe est pinnatiséquée avec des segments à base élargie et contiguë et les pennes proximales sont progressivement décroissantes.Comme chez B. xiphophyllum, la base des pennes moyennes et proximales est rétrécie. Les écailles du rhizome de l’hybride et de ses parents présumés sont identiques. Cet hybride présumé est, dans ce cas aussi, plus grand que ses parents présumés. Parents et hybride ont été observés et récoltés dans la forêt de Betaolana, près de la ville d’Andapa (N-E de Madagascar), dans la strate altitudinale 750-1350 m d’altitude(Rakotondrainibe et al. 2003: 36, tableau 2-3). Le spécimen Perrier de la Bâthie 7695 p.p. a été récolté à 1000 m d’altitude, dans la Province d’Antsiranana mais dans une autre région, sur les contreforts du Tsaratanana. Il s’agit d’un individu jeune, sans rhizome, plus difficile à décrire, mais présentant aussi une juxtaposition de caractères partagés avec les deux parents., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie & Reeb, Catherine, 2013, Révision synoptique du genre Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) à Madagascar, pp. 151-193 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on pages 190-191, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5206321, {"references":["RAKOTONDRAINIBE F., RASOLOHERY A., RAHARIMALA- LA F. & FLORENS D. 2003. - Les Pteridophytes des forets denses humides au nord et a l'ouest de la cuvette d'Andapa (Nord-Est de Madagascar): composition floristique et densite des peuplements, gradients de distribution des taxons, in GOODMAN S. M. & WILME L. (eds), Nouveaux resultats d'inventaires biologiques faisant reference a l'altitude dans le complexe des massifs montagneux de Marojejy et d'Anjanaharibe- Sud. Recherches pour le Developpement, Serie sciences biologiques 19: 27 - 68."]}
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- 2013
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45. Blechnum australe L
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Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie, and Reeb, Catherine
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnum australe ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum australe L. (Fig. 4) Systema Naturae, éd. 12, 2: 688 (1767); Sim, The ferns of South Africa, éd. 2: 188, fig. 84 (1915); Christensen, Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: 105 (1932); Tardieu-Blot, in Humbert (éd.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, fam. 5 (11): 4, fig 1, 3-4 (1960); Schelpe, in Flora Zambesiaca: 240 (1970); Burrows, Southern African Ferns and Fern Allies: 335, fig. 80, 336 (1990); Parris, in Flora of Tropical East Africa, Blechnaceae: 5, fig. 1, 2 (2006); Badré, in Flore des Mascareignes, 1, Ptéridophytes: 361, fig 60, (2008). — Type: Afrique du Sud, Cap de Bonne Espérance, Herb. Linn (lecto-, LINN 1247.3, désigné par Schelpe, Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 53, 355: 508 (1952). Lomaria australis (L.) Link, Filicum species: 75 (1841). Blechnopsis australe (L.) Trevis, in Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, ser. 2: 166 (1851). Spicanta australis (L.) Kuntze in Revisio generum plantarum 2: 821 (1891). AUTRES SPÉCIMENS DE MADAGASCAR EXAMINÉS. — Forêt de Maritampona, près de Miarinarivo, Colin s.n. (P); Antsapandrano, massif de l’Ankaratra, 1900 m, 09.II.1942, Decary 17581 (P); Fianarantsoa, réserve d’Andringitra, forêt de Riambava, 1550-1650 m, 17.XI.2004, Janssen et al. 2588 (P, TAN); La Mandraka, Jardin Botanique s.n. (P); Centre, versant est du massif de l’Andringitra, env. 1200 m, IV.1921, Perrier de la Bâthie 13657 (P); Antananarivo, Manjakandriana, Angavokely, 11.V.1986, Rakotondrainibe 586 (P); Fianarantsoa, réserve du Pic d’Ivohibe, 1500-1650 m, 24.X.1997, Rakotondrainibe et al. 4216 (P); Fianarantsoa, Ihorombe, Réserve Spéciale du Pic d’Ivohibe, versant ouest du Pic, 1200 m, 18.XI.2011, Rouhan et al. 1416 (P); Manjakatompo, massif de l’Ankaratra, vers 2000 m, Service Forestier 82 RC (P); Tsinjoarivo, au sud-est d’Ambatolampy, près des chutes de l’Onive, env. 1750 m, 11-28.III.1968, Stone 7874 (P); Antananarivo, Manjakandriana, montagne de l’Angavo, X.1922, Waterlot 578 (P). DESCRIPTION ET ILLUSTRATION. — Tardieu-Blot (1960: 4, figs 1, 3-4). DISTRIBUTION GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET ÉCOLOGIE. — Afrique du Sud, Afrique de l’Est, Madagascar et la Réunion. À Madagascar, présente dans les forêts denses humides du centre, entre 1200 et 2000 m d’altitude; fougère peu fréquente, hémi-sciaphile; berge de ruisseau, lisière forestière, fourré de montagne ou vestige forestier. REMARQUE Les deux espèces Blechnum australe et B. punctulatum sont parfois confondues dans les collections du fait de la variabilité morphologique des pennes de B. australe qui peuvent être oblongues, à base obtuse ou ailée, ou de forme triangulaire. L’apex mucroné des pinnules stériles et les indusies membraneuses, brun roux, caractérisent sans ambiguïté l’espèce B. australe., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie & Reeb, Catherine, 2013, Révision synoptique du genre Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) à Madagascar, pp. 151-193 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on pages 160-161, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5206321, {"references":["CHRISTENSEN C. 1932. - The Pteridophyta of Madagascar. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: [i] - xv, [1] - 253, 80 pls.","TARDIEU- BLOT M. - L. 1960. - Blechnacees, in HUMBERT H. (ed.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, famille 511. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 1 - 19.","BURROWS J. E. 1990. - Southern African Ferns and Fern Allies. Frandsen Publishers, Sandton, 359 p.","PARRIS B. S. 2006. - Blechnaceae, in BEENTJE H. J. & GHAZANFAR S. A. (eds), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 1 - 11."]}
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46. Blechnum punctulatum Sw
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Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie, and Reeb, Catherine
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Blechnum punctulatum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum punctulatum Sw. (Fig. 20) Journal für die Botanik 1800 (2): 74 (1801); Christensen, Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: 107 (1932); Tardieu-Blot, in Humbert (éd.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, fam. 5 (11): 6, fig 1, 1-2 (1960); Schelpe, in Flora Zambesiaca: 239 (1970); Burrows, Southern African Ferns and Fern Allies: 332, fig. 81, 335-335a (1990); Parris, in Flora of Tropical East Africa, Blechnaceae: 6, fig. 1, 4 (2006). — Type: Cap de Bonne Espérance, Thunberg s.n. (holo-, S). AUTRES SPÉCIMENS DE MADAGASCAR EXAMINÉS. — [Antananarivo, Ambatolampy], massif de l’Ankaratra, Manjakatompo, 1200 m, 30.VII.1956, des Abbayes 2323 (P); Manjakatompo, Ankaratra, 2200 m, III.1961, Bosser 15224 (P); [Fianarantsoa],picd’Ivohibe, 1500-1900 m, 23.IX.1926, Decary 5343 (P); Centre-Sud, massif de l’Ivakoany, 1250- 1550 m, XI-XII.1933, Humbert 12155 (P), 12245 bis (P); [Fianarantsoa, Ihosy], mont Tsitondroina, vers 1800 m, 16.IV.1941, Jardin Botanique 4808 (P); Centre, massif de l’Ankaratra, 2400 m, IX.1913, Perrier de la Bâthie 7615 (P); Au sud d’Ambositra, ann. 1980, Proisy et al. 118 (P); [Antananarivo, Ankazobe], forêt d’Ambohitantely, ann. 1980, Proisy et al. 214 (P); Antananarivo, Ambatolampy, Manjakatompo, 2000 m, 23.I.1982, Rakotondrainbe 131 (P); Tolanaro, à 15 km au nord-ouest d’Eminiminy, réserve d’Andohahela, parcelle 1, massif du trafon’omby, 1500 m, 25.XI.1995, Rakotondrainibe 3182 (P, TAN); Ambatondrazaka, Antanandava, forêt d’Ambavala, près de la rivière Manambato, 1250 m, 01.XII.2002, Rasolohery et al. 835 (P); Fianarantsoa, réserve spéciale du pic d’Ivohibe, 1700 m d’altitude, 16.XI.2011, Rouhan et al. 1405 (P); Massif de l’Ankaratra, versant est, environs du sommet de l’Ampasanandriandihitokana, au nord de Manjakatompo, vers 2000 m, VII.1953, Service Forestier 62R.C. (P). DESCRIPTION ET ILLUSTRATION. — Tardieu (1960): 6, fig. 1, 1-2. DISTRIBUTION GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET ÉCOLOGIE. — Afrique du Sud et Afrique de l’Est. À Madagascar, espèce présente dans le Centre et le Centre-Sud, entre 1250 et 2400 m d’altitude, dans des biotopes semi-ombragés: fourré éricoïde de montagne, bord des pistes, forêt claire, sentier ou lisière forestières, vestige de forêt; terrestre, plus rarement épilithe, peu fréquente mais localement abondante, couvrante dans les sous-bois. REMARQUE Les deux espèces Blechnum punctulatum et B australe sont parfois confondues. L’apex atténué, non mucroné, des pennes stériles, et l’indusie coriace, de couleur brun-rouge à maturité caractérisent sans ambiguïté l’espèce B. punctulatum., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie & Reeb, Catherine, 2013, Révision synoptique du genre Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) à Madagascar, pp. 151-193 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on page 180, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5206321, {"references":["CHRISTENSEN C. 1932. - The Pteridophyta of Madagascar. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: [i] - xv, [1] - 253, 80 pls.","TARDIEU- BLOT M. - L. 1960. - Blechnacees, in HUMBERT H. (ed.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, famille 511. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 1 - 19.","BURROWS J. E. 1990. - Southern African Ferns and Fern Allies. Frandsen Publishers, Sandton, 359 p.","PARRIS B. S. 2006. - Blechnaceae, in BEENTJE H. J. & GHAZANFAR S. A. (eds), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 1 - 11."]}
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47. Blechnum bakeri C. Chr
- Author
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Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie, and Reeb, Catherine
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Blechnum bakeri ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum bakeri C.Chr. (Fig. 5) Index Filicum: 151 (1905), nom. nov. pour Lomaria pubescens Baker (1876); Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 15: 415 (1876), non Kunze (1843); nec Blechnum pubescens Desv. (1827), nec Hooker (1837). — Type: Madagascar, Antananarivo, Pool s.n. (lecto-, K000424011, K000424012 désigné par Schelpe in British Fern Gazette 9 (8): 348 (1967). Blechnum polypodioides (Sw.) Kuhn var. holstii Hieron., in Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete 1, C: 81 (1895). — Type: “Usb., Mbaramu ”, Holst 2479 (lecto-, B20 0031479; isolecto-, P [P00113566]!); lectotype désigné par Parris in Flora of Tropical East Africa, Blechnaceae: 4 (2006). Blechnum bakeri C. Chr. var. glabrum Bonap., Notes Ptéridologiques 7: 210 (1918), “glabra”. — Type: Madagascar. Mandraka, d’Alleizette 82 (holo-, P[P00483198]!; iso-, P[P00483199]!); Blechnum bakeri C.Chr. var. glabrum Bonap. ex Tardieu, in Roux, Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria (2009). Blechnum ivohibense C. Chr., Archives de Botanique(Caen), Bulletin Mensuel 2: 211 (1928); syn. nov. — Type: Madagascar. Pic d’Ivohibe, Bara, Humbert 3300 p.p. [holo-, BM001066246 photo!; iso-, B20 0031506 photo! exclus les deux petits spécimens à droite et à gauche de la part (voir remarque)]. Blechnum umbrosum Peter, Feddes Repertorium, Beiheft 40, 2: 9, fig.3, 5-8 (1929). — Type: Tanzanie, West Usambara, Kisimba above Mazumbai, IV.1916, Peter 16489 (lecto-, B[B20 0034334]; isolecto-, BM, BR, GOET007151 photo!, K, P[P00483201]!, US00135471 photo!), désigné par Parris in Flora of Tropical East Africa, Blechnaceae: 4 (2006). Blechnum ivohibense C.Chr. var. hirsutum C.Chr. in Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: 106 (1932). — Type: Humbert 3299 (lecto-, B[BM001066247] photo!; isolecto-, P[P01625808]!), lectotype désigné ici. AUTRES SPÉCIMENS DE MADAGASCAR EXAMINÉS. — La Mandraka, VIII.1906, d’Alleizette s.n. (P); Province d’Antananarivo, Tsinjoarivo, forêt d’Ankilahila, à 19,2 km au sud-est de Tsinjoarivo, 1400-1560 m, I.1999, Borie 525 (P,TAN); Ankazobe, forêt d’Ambohitantely, II.1959, Bosser 12770 (P); Vallée de la Mandraka, X.1948, Corréard s.n. (P); Forêt entre Vohémar et Ambilobe, 29.VII.1939, Decary 14700 (P); Tampoketsa d’Ankazobe, 10.VIII.1939, Decary 14956 (P); Tampoketsa d’Ankazobe, 28-29.IV.1943, Decary 19297, 19357 (P); Région de Fort-Carnot, ann. 1934-1935, Heim s.n. (P); Sud-Est, massif de Beampingaratra, 800-1500 m, 31.X-01.XI.1928, Humbert 6327 bis (P); Sud-Est, Befotaka, mont Papanga, 1000-1600 m, 02-03.XII.1928, Humbert 6876 (P); Lac Alaotra, massif de l’Andrangovalo, réserve de « Zakamena » [Zahamena], 1200-1400 m, X.1937, Humbert et al. 17944 (P); Centre-Nord, montagnes au nord de Mangindrano, vers 1900 m, 19.I.1950 - 12.II.1951, Humbert et al. 25045 (G, P); Nord-Est, partie occidentale du massif de Marojejy, 1300-1400 m, 09.XI-02.XII.1959, Humbert et al. 31762 (P); Antsiranana, massif du Manongarivo, cuvette de la Haute Antsahakolana, 1467 m, 29.IX.2004, Janssen et al. 2424 (P); Manjakatompo, 25.VII.1937, Jardin Botanique 2511 (P); [Vohémar], Ambondrombe, 12.IV.1941, Jardin Botanique 4665 (P); Tsiroanomandidy, mont Ambohiby, env. 1600 m, 11-16.XI.1952, Leandri et al. 1807 (P); Centre-Est, forêt d’Analamazaotra, 800 m, Perrier de la Bâthie 7550 p.p. (P); Massif du Manongarivo, 1700 m, V.1909, Perrier de la Bâthie 7623 (P); Centre, Haut Bemarivo, Analamahitso, 800 m, Perrier de la Bâthie 7625 (P); Centre, massif du Tsaratanana, 2000 m, ann. 1912, Perrier de la Bâthie 7961 (P); Centre, massif du Tsaratanana, 1800 m, I.1923, Perrier de la Bâthie 15638 (P); Antananarivo, Ankazobe, Manankazo, réserve d’Ambohitantely, 1200-1650 m, 28.IV.1981, Rakotondrainibe 126 (P,TAN); R éserve du Manongarivo, massif d’Antsatrotro, 09.X.1981, 1600 m, Rakotondrainibe 1303 (P), 1304 (P), 1305 (P); Antsiranana, Andapa, Befingotra, réserve d’Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1260 m, 02.XI.1994, Rakotondrainibe et al. 2286 (P, TAN); Fianarantsoa, Ambalavao, réserve de l’Andringitra, 790-1280 m, 20.V.1995, Rakotondrainibe 2665 (P,TAN), 2709 (P); Tolanaro, Eminiminy, réserve d’Andohahela, versant est, parcelle 1, 800-1300 m, 30.X.-15.XI.1995, Rakotondrainibe, 2997 (P,TAN), 3058 (P), 3102 (P;TAN); Antsiranana, Andapa, réserve de Marojejy, à 11 km au nord-est de Manantenina, 1250 m, Rakotondrainibe 3566 (P); Antananarivo, Anjozorobe, forêt d’Andranomay, 1300- 1450 m, 15-17.XII.1996, Rakotondrainibe 3717 (P), 3770 (P); Fianarantsoa, Ambalavao, réserve du Pic d’Ivohibe, 1100-1250 m, 16.X.1997, Rakotondrainibe et al. 4157 (MO, P); Fianarantsoa, Ambalavao, corridor forestier entre les réserves d’Andringitra et du Pic d’Ivohibe, 880-950 m, Rakotondrainibe et al.4372 (MO, P); Antananarivo, Ankazobe, Manankazo, réserve d’Ambohitantely, 1400-1450 m, 06.XII.1997, Rakotondrainibe et al. 4406 (P); Antsiranana, Andapa, Forêt de Betaolana, 1200 m, 16.X.1999, Rakotondrainibe et al. 4953 (P, TAN); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana-Ifanadiana, forêt de Vatoharanana, 1000 m, Rakotondrainibe et al. 5893 (K, MO, P, TAN, WAG), 5893 bis (P); Massif du Tsaratanana, 1600 m, 22.IV.2001, Rasolohery 351 (P); Toamasina, Ambatondrazaka, réserve de Zahamena, 100-1351 m, 14.IX.2002, Rasolohery et al. 669 (P); Antsiranana, Doany, réserve de Marojejy, 1150 m, Rasolohery 566 (P); Toamasina, Ambatondrazaka, Forêt d’Ambavalava, 1250 m, 29.XI.2002, Rasolohery et al. 816 (P); Forêt de la Mandraka, 17.VIII.1906, Rotereau s.n. (P); Prov. de Fianarantsoa, Ivohibe, réserve spéciale d’Ivohibe, 1700 m, 16.XI.2011, Rouhan et al. 1401 (P); Angavokely, VI.1953, Service Forestier 28 RC (P), 30 RC (P); Massif de l’Ankaratra, Manjakatompo, Service Forestier 73 RC (P). DESCRIPTION ET ILLUSTRATION. — Tardieu-Blot 1960: 7-8, fig. 2, 1-4. DISTRIBUTION GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET ÉCOLOGIE. — Afrique de l’Est et Madagascar. À Madagascar, espèce présente du nord au sud de l’Île, entre 800 et 2000 m d’altitude; fougère terrestre, plus rarement épilithe mais souvent en terrain rocailleux; fréquente; forêt dense sempervirente, peu ou moyennement anthropisée; sol latéritique, gneissique ou basaltique. REMARQUES Dans la littérature (Christensen 1932; Tardieu-Blot 1960; Roux 2009), la référence de la description originale de Blechnum bakeri C.Chr. var. glabrum Bonap. est erronée. Bonaparte a décrit la variété nouvelle de B. bakeri, dans les Notes Ptéridologiques, numéro VII (1918: 210). Le type désigné est Alleizette 82. La référence « Notes Ptéridologiques XVI: 72 (1925) », souvent citée comme référence de la diagnose originale, correspond à une simple citation du taxon et les récoltes mentionnées dans cette citation, Perrier 7550, 7625, 7623 et 7961 ne sont donc pas des syntypes de B. bakeri var. glabrum pour « glabra ». De même, le taxon Blechnum bakeri C.Chr. var. glabrum Bonap. ex Tardieu (Roux 2009: 103) cité dans la Flore de Madagascar (Tardieu-Blot 1960: 8) est un nom superflu. Comme l’indique Christensen dans le protologue de B. ivohibense, la récolte type Humbert 3300, est hétérogène. Elle est constituée de trois parts. Deux d’entre elles ont été vues par Christensen: la part holotype BM001066246 avec un seul spécimen conforme au protologue et la part B20 0031506 avec un spécimen adulte central conforme au protologue et deux spécimens jeunes que nous rattachons à Blechnum attenuatum et non, comme Christensen, à B. penna-marina (Poir.) Kuhn. La troisième part P01625371, non vue par Christensen, est constituée de deux spécimens, un adulte fertile et un jeune stérile, tous deux à rattacher à B. attenuatum. SYNONYMIE La synonymie entre Blechnum bakeri et B. ivohibense est établie ici sur la base d’observations morphologiques (1) et biogéographiques (2): – 1) La seule différence morphologique entre ces deux espèces réside dans le fait que le rachis et les nervures de B. bakeri sont hirsutes et ceux de B. ivohibense sont glabres (Tardieu-Blot 1960; Schelpe 1967; Parris 2006). Or, la densité des poils est variable et tous les intermédiaires existent entre les formes très hirsutes et celles complètement glabres. (Tardieu-Blot 1960 pers. obs.). Les spécimens Bosser 12790 (P01625786) et Decary 19357 (P01625819), par exemple, ont des nervures glabres et le rachis subglabre avec quelques poils épars; Rakotondrainibe 4406 (P00134482) possède une fronde entièrement glabre et une autre avec le rachis glabre dans sa partie proximale, hirsute dans sa partie distale. Sous le même numéro de récolte et parfois la même part d’herbier, il n’est pas rare de trouver des spécimens à frondes glabres et d’autres à frondes hirsutes. C’est le cas entre autre des récoltes types Perrier 7550 et Perrier 7625 (voir au paragraphe « lectotypification »). – et 2) Les deux espèces B. ivohibense et B. bakeri sont sympatriques: B. ivohibense est fréquent du nord au sud de Madagascar; B. bakeri est assez fréquent sur les trois quarts sud de l’Île, de Tolanaro jusqu’à la région du lac Alaotra, plus rare mais présent dans les forêts septentrionales., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie & Reeb, Catherine, 2013, Révision synoptique du genre Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) à Madagascar, pp. 151-193 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on pages 161-163, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5206321, {"references":["SCHELPE E. A. C. L. E. 1967. - The identity of two madagascan species of Blechnum. British Fern Gazette 9 (8): 348 - 349.","PARRIS B. S. 2006. - Blechnaceae, in BEENTJE H. J. & GHAZANFAR S. A. (eds), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 1 - 11.","ROUX J. P. 2009. - Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neihhbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria: iii-xiv, 1 - 296.","CHRISTENSEN C. 1932. - The Pteridophyta of Madagascar. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: [i] - xv, [1] - 253, 80 pls.","TARDIEU- BLOT M. - L. 1960. - Blechnacees, in HUMBERT H. (ed.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, famille 511. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 1 - 19."]}
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48. Blechnum L
- Author
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Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie, and Reeb, Catherine
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Genre Blechnum L. Species Plantarum: 1077 (1753). — Copeland, Genera Filicum: 155 (1947). — Kramer et al. in Kubitzki et al., The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 1: 63 (1990). DESCRIPTION Plantes terrestres, hémi-épiphytes ou épiphytes. Rhizome épais, écailleux, grimpant le long des troncs ou court et dressé, parfois subarborescent. Ecailles du rhizome étroitement lancéolées, unicolores et brunes, ou bicolores avec une pseudonervure brun foncé ou noire et une marge plus claire. Frondes stériles et fertiles plus ou moins dimorphes; jeunes frondes souvent rougeâtres. Pétiole non articulé au rhizome. Limbe entier, pinnatifide, pinnatiséqué ou 1-penné; pennes proximales semblables aux pennes moyennes ou réduites, parfois transformées en petites auricules ou en appendices courts, épineux; penne apicale le plus souvent semblable aux latérales, libre ou confluente avec la subapicale. Face adaxiale du pétiole et du rachis canaliculée; nervures latérales des pennes ou segments stériles libres, parallèles, simples ou bifurquées. Sores linéaires, proches de la costa, protégés par des indusies s’ouvrant vers l’intérieur, à marge entière, sinueuse, lacérée ou fimbrillée à maturité. Spores monolètes avec ou sans périspore. Genre cosmopolite, d’environ 200 espèces, plus diversifié dans l’hémisphère sud; 16 espèces et variétés à Madagascar. CLÉ D’ IDENTIFICATION DES ESPÈCES ET VARIETÉS DE BLECHNUM L. 1. Fronde stérile simple.............................. B. integrifrons Bonap. ex Rakotondr., sp. nov. — Fronde stérile pinnatiséquée ou 1-pennée................................................................... 2 2. Limbes stérile et fertile ± dimorphes, base des pennes fertiles élargie........................... 3 — Limbes stérile et fertile très dimorphes, base des pennes fertiles non élargie................ 4 3. Pennes stériles à apex mucroné; indusies membraneuses, brun-roux......... B. australe L. — Pennes stériles à apex atténué; indusies coriaces à subcoriaces, brun rouge...................................................................................................................... B. punctulatum Sw. 4. Pennes stériles à apex obtus ou arrondi....................................................................... 5 — Pennes stériles à apex aigu, atténué ou caudé............................................................... 6 5. Pennes moyennes sessiles; pennes proximales décroissantes, souvent auriculiformes; écailles du rhizome membraneuses à subcoriaces, brun roux à brun foncé....................................................................................................................... B. tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn — Pennes moyennes pétiolulées; pennes proximales peu ou non décroissantes, jamais auriculiformes; écailles du rhizome coriaces, noires....................... B. longepetiolatum Tardieu 6. Pennes moyennes libres ou partiellement adnées........................................................ 7 — Pennes moyennes adnées sur toute leur largeur......................................................... 13 7. Pennes moyennes à base cordiforme; pétiole portant de larges écailles membraneuses, pâles, planes, à marge entière; apex des pennes caudé, serrulé...................................................................... Blechnum montbrisonis C.Chr. var. humbertii (Tardieu) Rakotondr., comb. nov. — Pennes moyennes à base cunéiforme ou tronquée; pétiole glabre ou avec des écailles différentes; apex des pennes différent............................................................................. 8 8. Pétiole et rachis densément écailleux; écailles brun-foncé.... B. decrescens Rakotondr., sp. nov. — Pétiole et rachis glabre ou modérément écailleux avec des écailles brun clair à brun roux.... 9 9. Indusies des sores matures à marge lacérée; rhizome dressé, subarborescent.............. 10 — Indusies des sores matures à marge entière ou sinueuse; rhizome rampant ou grimpant, si subdressé, non subarborescent (B. xiphophyllum)................................................... 12 10. Pennes moyennes stériles libres, à base cunéiforme; pennes proximales non ou peu décroissantes; sores n’atteignant pas la base des pennes fertiles............................................ 11 — Pennes moyennes stériles partiellement adnées, à base tronquée; pennes proximales régulièrement décroissantes; sores recouvrant entièrement la penne fertile.......................................................................................................... B. tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn 11. Pennes stériles moyennes longues de 10-22 cm, à apex longuement atténué; écailles du rhizome brillantes, certaines à pseudonervure étroite noire et marge brun ocre; frondes fertile et stérile de même longueur........................ B. longipinnum Rakotondr., sp. nov. — Pennes stériles moyennes longues de 4,5-5,5 cm, à apex courtement caudé; écailles du rhizome ternes, toutes à pseudonervure large brune et marge étroite straminée; fronde fertile plus longue que la stérile.......................................... B. madagascariense Tardieu 12. Pennes moyennes linéaires ou étroitement triangulaires, larges de 0,5-0,9 cm; pennes proximales progressivement décroissantes, les dernières réduites à de petites auricules............................................................................................... B. biforme (Baker) H.Christ — Pennes moyennes elliptiques, larges de 1,1-2,3 cm; pennes proximales peu ou pas décroissantes ou brusquement réduites à de petites auricules ou des appendices courts, spinescents.................................................................. B. xiphophyllum (Baker) C.Chr. 13. Rhizome longuement rampant; fougère le plus souvent épiphyte............................. 14 — Rhizome dressé; fougère terrestre............................................................................. 16 14. Limbe elliptique ou lancéolé; segments proximaux progressivement décroissants, les plus proches du rhizome réduits à de petites auricules...................................................... 15 — Limbe le plus souvent triangulaire; segments proximaux non décroissants ou brusquement transformés en petites auricules......................................... B. simillimum (Baker) Diels 15. Pennes moyennes et proximales à base élargie....................... B. attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. — Pennes moyennes et proximales à base droite ou rétrécie....... B. biforme (Baker) H.Christ 16. Fronde stérile longue de 100-140 cm................................................................................................................... B. attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. var. giganteum (Kaulf.) Bonap. — Fronde stérile longue de 30-80 cm........................................................................... 17 17. Segments moyens obliques, longuement décurrents sur le rachis; écailles du rhizome brun roux à brun moyen.................................................. B. bonapartei Rakotondr., sp. nov. — Segments moyens horizontaux; non décurrents; écailles du rhizome noires.............................................................................................................................. B. bakeri C.Chr.
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49. Blechnum tabulare Kuhn
- Author
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Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie, and Reeb, Catherine
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnum tabulare ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn (Figs 23 A-D; 24; Tableau 2) Filices africanae: 94 (1868); Sim, The Ferns of South Africa, éd. 2: 187, fig. 83 (1915); Christensen, Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: 107 (1932); Alston, The Ferns and Fern-Allies of West Tropical Africa, éd. 2, supplement: 74 (1959); Tardieu-Blot, in Humbert (éd.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, fam. 5 (11): 3 (1960); Schelpe, in Flora Zambesiaca: 237 (1970); Burrows, Southern African Ferns and Fern Allies: 331, fig. 79, 334-334a (1990); Parris, in Flora of Tropical East Africa, Blechnaceae: 5, fig. 1,6 (2006); Badré, in Flore des Mascareignes, 1, Ptéridophytes: 359, fig 59, 4-6 (2008). — Pteris tabularis Thunb., Prodromus plantarum capensium: 171 (1800). — Type: Afrique du Sud, province du Cap, sommet de la montagne de la Table, Thunberg s.n. (holo-, UPS- Thunb. 24965; iso-, BM000785536!, S). Pteris osmundoides Bory, Voyage dans les quatre principales îles des mers d’Afrique 2: 194, fig. 32 (1804). — Type: Réunion, « le long des vieux courants de lave dans l’intérieur du Brullé, aux pieds du volcan brulant de Mascareigne, an X » Bory de St. Vincent s.n. (holo-, P [P02140129]!). Onoclea boryana Sw., Synopsis filicum: 111 (1806) nom. superfl.; Lomaria boryana (Sw.) Willd., Species plantarum éd. 4, 5 (1): 292 (1810); Blechnum boryanum (Sw.) Schltdl., Adumbrationes plantarum 4: 35, fig. 19 (1827). — Type: « Insula Borboniae, supra Scorias Vulcani » Bory (?holo-, B-W 19845-01 0!). AUTRES SPÉCIMENS DE MADAGASCAR EXAMINÉS. — Emirne, Tananarive, près d’Alarobia, V.1905, d’Alleizette s.n. (P); Manjakandriana, XII.1905, d’Alleizette 34. (P); Manjakandriana, IV.1906, d’Alleizette 58 (P); Ilafy, IV.1906, d’Alleizette 136 (P); Environs de Tananarive, VIII.1906, d’Alleizette 215 m (P); S.loc., Baron 4291 (P); Ambatolampy, II.1953, Bosser 4773 (P); Ambatofinandrahana et Itremo, IX.1956, Bosser 9877 (P); Itremo, 1700 m, IX.1956, Bosser 9997 (P); [Antananarivo], route d’Arivonimamo, PK 40, V.1962, Bosser 16011 (P); Centre, environ d’Ambohibeloma, 1200-1300 m, Camboué s.n. (P); Antananarivo, Ambohipo, 14.IV.1889, Catat 132 (P); Ankaratra, 1400 m, 03.V. [1889 ou 1890], Catat 330 (P); Andraraty, 04.V.1889, Catat 387 (P); Sarobaratra, s.d., Catat 450 (P); Route de Tananarive à Miarinarivo, km 55, forêt à Uapaca bojeri, 1300 m, 14.XII.1989, Cevrard 11297 (P); Forêt d’Ambololondrano, près d’Isambaina, Colin s.n. (P); Forêt d’Ankaramandinika, Colin s.n. (P); Anjozorobe, 1200 m, 22.I.1944, Cours 1772 (P); Route de Lakato, près de Périnet, 16.II.1971, Cremers 1446 (P); Tsimbazaza, 18.I.1917, Decary s.n. (P); [Antananarivo, Manjakandriana], Ambatolaona, 21.I.1917, Decary s.n. (P); Antanjobato, 25.II.1917, Decary s.n. (P); Ambohimanambola, Decary s.n. (P); [Antananarivo], Arivonimamo, IV.1921, Decary s.n. (P); [Antananarivo], Ambohimanga, 27.III.1921, Decary 491 (P), 492 (P), 493 (P), 505 (P); Arivonimamo, III.1921, Decary 546 (P); Massif de l’Ankaratra, versant est du mont Tsiafajavona, 1700-2000, 15.VII.1928, Decary et al. 4517 (P); Farafangana, Befotaka, 13.VIII.1926, Decary 4766 (P); Massif de l’Ikongo, 17.X.1926, Decary 5688 (P); Environs d’Ambatofinandrahana, 1600-1800 m, 16.II.1938, Decary 13003 (P); [Ambatolampy, Ankaratra], massif du Tsiafajavona, 2200-2600 m, 16.V.1938, Decary 13419 (P); Ambositra, 28.V.1939, Decary 14073 (P); [Antananarivo], Tampoketsa d’Ankazobe, 29.IV.1943, Decary 14334 (P); Massif de l’Isalo, 01.I.1940, Decary 16374 (P); R.N. 1, 50 km à l’ouest d’Antananarivo, 13.II.1985, Dorr et al. 457 (P); Fianarantsoa, réserve de l’Andringitra, I.2005, Goodman s.n. (P); [Fianarantsoa], haute vallée de l’Iantara, 500-800 m, 16-17.XI.1924, Humbert 3432 (P); Massif de l’Andringitra, 2000-2500 m, 27.XI-08.XII.1924, Humbert 3799 (P); Sud-Est, massif de l’Andohahelo » [Andohahela], 1200-1800 m, 18-26.X.1928, Humbert 6143 (P); Mont Ankaroka, au sud-est du lac Alaotra, 1200-1400 m, Humbert et al. 17535 (P); Massif de l’Andrangovalo, au sud-est du lac Alaotra, réserve de Zahamena, 1500-1580 m, X.1937, Humbert et al. 17821 (P); Ranohira, réserve de l’Isalo, 800-1250 m, 02.II– 08-10. IV.1955, Humbert 28767 (P); Ouest Betsileo, montagnes à l’ouest de l’Itremo, 1500-1700 m, 1955, Humbert 30105 (P); Nord-Est, partie occidentale du massif de Marojejy, 1400 m, Humbert et al. 31709 (P); Fianarantsoa, réserve de l’Andringitra, 2100 m, 18.IV.2005, Janssen et al. 2778 (P); Ankazobe, tampoketsa Antokonana, 76 km au nord d’Ankazobe, 1500 m, 19.V.2005, Janssen et al. 2968 (P); EntreTananarive et Fianarantsoa, 22.X.1970, Keraudren-Aymonin et al.25106 (P); Bois de Tapia entre Tananarive et Fianarantsoa, ann. 1970, Keraudren-Aymonin et al. 25122 (P); Entre Tananarive et Fianarantsoa, PK 213, 23.X.1970, Keraudren-Aymonin et al. 25130 (P); Entre Ambatolampy et Tananarive, PK 30, 23.X.1970, Keraudren-Aymonin et al. 25167 (P); Ouest d’Ankilizato, 07.XII.1970, Keraudren-Aymonin et al.25977 (P); Antsiranana,montagne d’Ambre, 1300 m, Nusbaumer et al. 2399 (P); Entre Sandranvahy et Fiadanana, 29-30.I.1966, Peltier 5636 (P); Anjozorobe, route nationale 3, vers Anony, 09.III.1966, Peltier 5691 (P); Centre, Ankazobe, Manankazo, 1500 m, ann. 1913, Perrier de la Bâthie 7588 (P); Massif de l’Andringitra, 2500 m, Perrier de la Bâthie 7930 (P); Centre, Antsirabe, 1500 m, IV.1912, Perrier de la Bâthie 11529 (P); Fianarantsoa, II.1922, Petit 44 (P); S.loc., IV.1876, Pool?24 (P); La Mandraka, ann. 1980, Proisy et al. 97 (P); Colline boisée d’Ambohimanga, à 20 km de Tananarive, ann. 1919, Raharijaona s.n. (P); Tolanaro, Eminiminy, réserve d’Andohahela, massif du Trafon’omby, 1300- 1900 m, 17-28.11.2.1995, Rakotondrainibe 3206 (P); Antsiranana, Andapa, Manantenina, réserve de Marojejy, 1300 m, 26.X.1996, Rakotondrainibe 3522 (P); Antananrivo, Anjozorobe, forêt d’Andranomay, 1300-1450 m, 15.XII.1996, Rakotondrainibe 3706 (P); Antsiranana, Andapa, Forêt de d’Analabe, 1240 m, 26.X.1999, Rakotondrainibe et al. 5054 (P, TAN); Fianarantsoa, forêt de Vinanitelo, 1200 m, 29.X.2000, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6162 (K, P, TAN), 6162 bis (P); Antsiranana, Andapa, Doany, réserve de Marojejy, 1100-1180 m, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6362 (MO, P, TAN), 6362 bis (P, TAN); Fianarantsoa, réserve de l’Andringitra, lieu dit Anjavidilava, 1990 m, 05-12.III.1997, Randriambololona et al. 06 (P); Tolanaro, réserve d’Andohahela, mont Trafon’omby, 1000-1957 m, 07.IV.1994, Randriamanpionona 762 (P); Massif de Tsaratanana, 1600-2063 m, Rasolohery 362 (P); Antsirabe, Ibity, 1748 m, 08.II.2003, Rasolohery et al. 882 (P); Forêt de la Mandraka, 10.I.1906, Rotereau s.n. (P); Emyrne, 15.VII.1906, Rotereau s.n. (P); Massif de l’Ankaratra, ann.1899, Rousson s.n. (P); Imerina, environs de Mahereza, [à l’ouest d’Antananarivo], III.1902, Rusillon 27 (G); Ambositra, vers 1300 m, 16.XII.1959, Schlieben 8169 (G); Antanananarivo, Carion, massif d’Angavokely, ann. 2011, Totondrabeza 125 (P); Moramanga, Andovoranto, le Mangoro (Ankarifo), 09.XI.1912, Viguier et al. 1193 (P); Tananarive, VII.1914, Waterlot s.n. (P); Tananarive, IV.1917, Waterlot s.n. (P); Tananarive, Ambohimanga, Waterlot 111. (P); Antananarivo, massif de l’Itremo, 1500m, 27.X.1994, van der Werff et al. 13587 (P). DESCRIPTION Rhizome dressé, subarborescent, jusqu’à 100 cm de hauteur et 12 cm de diamètre portant des écailles linéaires, de 20-30 × 0,4-0,8 mm, les unes unicolores, brun roux, les autres bicolores, avec une pseudonervure étroite brun foncé ou noire et une marge brun roux. Frondes en touffe, la stérile et la fertile très dimorphes. Fronde stérile longue de 36-120 cm; limbe coriace, 1-penné; pennes moyennes linéaires, de 6-16 × 0,5- 1,7 cm, à base partiellement adnée, dissymétrique (base acroscopique libre, base basiscopique soudée au rachis), apex arrondi, obtus ou aigu, marge entière; penne apicale semblable aux latérales, plus ou moins confluente avec la subapicale; pennes proximales décroissantes, les plus proches du rhizome réduites à de petites auricules. Nervures peu apparentes; axes et surface du limbe subglabres à hirsutes, portant parfois un indument caduc formé d’écailles piliformes, contortées, rousses. Frondes fertiles de même longueur que la stérile; limbe 1-penné; pennes sessiles, larges de 0,2-0,3 cm, entièrement recouvertes à maturité par les sporanges. Sores jeunes linéaires, continus; indusies à marge lacérée à maturité. DISTRIBUTION GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET ÉCOLOGIE. — Espèce très répandue en Afrique de l’Est, Afrique australe, Cameroun et dans les Mascareignes (Réunion et Maurice). À Madagascar, présente du nord au sud de l’Île, entre (800)1200 et 2500 m d’altitude; terrestre, fréquente dans les ravins, en lisière forestière, dans les forêts résiduelles et dans la brousse éricoïde des crêtes et des sommets. REMARQUE Les spécimens disponibles actuellement à Paris étant beaucoup plus nombreux que ce dont disposait Tardieu-Blot en 1960 pour son traitement des Blechnaceae dans la Flore de Madagascar, nous avons jugé utile de proposer ici une nouvelle description de l’espèce qui tienne compte de la variabilité de l’ensemble des spécimens examinés. Les variations morphologiques au sein de Blechnum tabulare sont notables et concernent essentiellement la taille et la forme des pennes. Les traits morphologiques constants qui caractérisent cette espèce sont les suivants: un rhizome puissant, dressé, subarborescent, parfois entièrement enfoncé dans la mousse ou le sol; des pennes moyennes sessiles, partiellement adnées au rachis, à base dissymétrique, des pennes proximales décroissantes, les plus proches du rhizome étant réduites à de petites auricules et des indusies à marge lacérée à maturité. Le limbe des jeunes individus est d’abord entier puis 1-penné avec des pennes latérales orbiculaires régulièrement décroissantes vers la base et un apex linéaire, entier. La possibilité d’hybridation entre B. tabulare et B. xiphophyllum est suggérée (voir la rubrique «Discussion » sous ce dernier taxon)., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie & Reeb, Catherine, 2013, Révision synoptique du genre Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) à Madagascar, pp. 151-193 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on pages 185-187, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5206321, {"references":["CHRISTENSEN C. 1932. - The Pteridophyta of Madagascar. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 7: [i] - xv, [1] - 253, 80 pls.","TARDIEU- BLOT M. - L. 1960. - Blechnacees, in HUMBERT H. (ed.), Flore de Madagascar et des Comores, famille 511. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 1 - 19.","BURROWS J. E. 1990. - Southern African Ferns and Fern Allies. Frandsen Publishers, Sandton, 359 p.","PARRIS B. S. 2006. - Blechnaceae, in BEENTJE H. J. & GHAZANFAR S. A. (eds), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 1 - 11."]}
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50. Blechnum integrifrons Rakotondr., sp. nov
- Author
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Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie, and Reeb, Catherine
- Subjects
Tracheophyta ,Blechnum ,Polypodiales ,Biodiversity ,Polypodiopsida ,Plantae ,Blechnum integrifrons ,Blechnaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Blechnum integrifrons Bonap. ex Rakotondr., sp. nov. (Figs 12 A-D; 13) Blechnum integrifrons Bonap., in sched. Rhizome suberect to short creeping; rhizome scales light brown. Adult and young fronds always simple, dimorphic: the stipe of fertile ones longer than sterile ones, fertile lamina shorter and much contracted. Sterile lamina linear to narrowly elliptic, 5.0-25.6 × 0.8-1.7 cm, apex more often caudate, base decurrent on the stipe. Sori unbroken; indusium entire. TYPE. — Madagascar, Centre, forêt d’Analamaitso, Haut Bemarivo, env. 16°11’30”S -48°08’30”E (coordonnées calculées), env. 900 m, VIII.1907, Perrier de la Bâthie 7859 (holo-, P [P00835433]; iso-, P [P00835434, P00835435, P00835436], 3 parts). AUTRES SPÉCIMENS DE MADAGASCAR EXAMINÉS. — Province d’Antsiranana, Ampasindava, forêt de Bongomihiravavy, 184 m, 24.XI.2008, Nusbaumer et al. 2969 (P); Moramanga, Ampitambe, Analamay, le long de la rivière Sakalava, 1000 m, 26.XI.1997, Rakotomalaza et al. 1592 (P), 1594 (P); Antananarivo, Ankazobe-Manankazo, réserve d’Ambohitantely, 27.IV.1984, Rakotondrainibe 508 (P00835437, TAN); Fianarantsoa, parc national de Ranomafana, forêt de Vohipara, 26.XI.1991, Rakotondrainibe 1496 (TAN); Antananarivo, Anjozorobe, forêt d’Andranomay, 1300-1450 m, 20.XII.1996, Rakotondrainibe 3835 (P); Antananarivo, Ankazobe-Manankazo, réserve d’Ambohitantely, 1300-1400 m, 07.XII.1997, Rakotondrainibe 4412 (P); Fianarantsoa, forêt d’Andrambovato, au bord de la rivière Tatamaly, 1000 m, 17X.2000, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6047 (P, TAN); Fianarantsoa, forêt de Vinanitelo, à 15,5 km au sud-est du village de Vohitrafeno, 1000 m, Rakotondrainibe et al. 6122 (P); Toamasina, Ambatondrazaka, Antanandava, forêt d’Ambavala, près de la rivière Manambato, 1250 m, 29.XI.2002, Rasolohery et al. 817 (P). DISTRIBUTION GÉOGRAPHIQUE ET ÉCOLOGIE. — Endémique de Madagascar, essentiellement sur les hauts plateaux du centre de l’Île, entre 900 et 1450 m d’altitude; une seule récolte connue à ce jour en provenance de l’extrême Nord, dans la baie d’Ampasindava, à 184 m d’altitude; forêt dense humide; espèce terrestre ou épilithe, peu fréquente, en colonie au bord ou dans le lit des torrents et ruisseaux, à la limite de la zone inondable. ÉTYMOLOGIE. — Blechnum integrifrons Bonap. ex Rakotondr., sp. nov. est la seule espèce de la Région africanomalgache qui possède des frondes jeunes, adultes, stériles et fertiles, toutes simples et entières d’où le choix de l’épithète « integrifrons ». La combinaison des caractères suivants – écailles du rhizome unicolores, brunes à brunroux; frondes dimorphes; limbe stérile glabre, à apex caudé – la sépare des autres espèces à frondes simples telles Blechnum lanceola Sw. du Brésil dont les frondes sont isomorphes ou peu dimorphes, B. difforme Copel., endémique de Fidji, et B. nukuhivense E. Brown, endémique des îles Marquises, dont les écailles du rhizome sont brun foncé ou brun rouge et l’apex des frondes stériles longuement atténué ou aigu. DESCRIPTION Rhizome courtement rampant à subdressé portant des écailles lancéolées à triangulaires, de 2,8-3,5 × 0,5-0,6 mm, membraneuses, unicolores, brun roux à brun moyen, marge entière ou munie de quelques prolongements de forme et taille irrégulières.Frondes alignées, espacées de 0,1-0,5 cm, dimorphes: la fertile plus longuement pétiolée, à limbe plus court et plus étroit que la stérile. Pétiole de la fronde stérile profondément canaliculé, long de 1-9,5 cm, portant le même type d’écailles que le rhizome, de 3,2-4,2 × 0,6-1,1 cm, nombreuses à la base, éparses au-dessus. Limbe de la fronde stérile subcoriace, glabre, simple, linéaire à étroitement elliptique, de 5,0-25,6 × 0,8-1,7 cm, marge entière à sinueuse, légèrement enroulée, apex le plus souvent caudé, base étroitement décurrente sur le pétiole. Rachis saillant sur les deux faces; face adaxiale profondément canaliculée, face abaxiale arrondie. Nervures latérales simples ou bifurquées; hydathodes apparents sur la face adaxiale. Limbe fertile, linéaire, large de 0,1-0,4 cm; sores linéaires, continus; indusies à marge entière. REMARQUES La récolte Perrier de la Bâthie 7859 est constituée de quatre parts (P00835433-P00835436) déposées dans l’Herbier de Paris et nommées par Bonaparte « Blechnum integrifrons R. Bonap. sp.nov. » en date du 26 août 1923. Bonaparte est décédé le 14 avril 1924 sans avoir publié ce taxon. La mention «Original » écrite de sa main figure sur trois des quatre parts (P00835433, P00835435 et P00835436). La part P002835433 est désignée ici comme holotype de B. integrifrons Bonap. ex Rakotondr., sp. nov.; les trois autres parts de l’herbier de Bonaparte constituent des isotypes et sont conservées à Paris., Published as part of Rakotondrainibe, France, Jouy, Alain, Meyer, Sylvie & Reeb, Catherine, 2013, Révision synoptique du genre Blechnum L. (Blechnaceae) à Madagascar, pp. 151-193 in Adansonia (3) (3) 35 (2) on pages 171-173, DOI: 10.5252/a2013n2a1, http://zenodo.org/record/5206321
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