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Introduction: Bladder leiomyomas (LM) are uncommon, non-cancerous growths that originate from the smooth muscle cells of the bladder and constitute 0.5% of bladder tumor cases. This review aims to compile existing data and present a summary of bladder leiomyomas' characteristics, management, and related outcomes. Method: We conducted systematic review of studies that investigated bladder leiomyoma. Case studies or series describing individuals with bladder leiomyoma who underwent surgery and the outcomes were included. Four databases were used in our literature search, which was carried out until January 2024: PubMed, Proquest, EBSCOHost, and Google Scholar. We utilized MeSH terms such as "leiomyoma," "urinary bladder," and looked for synonyms of "bladder leiomyoma" in free text. Results: A total of 99 studies with 119 patients were included. Most reported bladder leiomyoma cases were female, accounting for 79.0% of all cases. While symptomatic patients primarily presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (59.7%), hematuria (24.4%), acute urine retention (11.8%), and about 16.8% of cases were incidentally detected. Storage-related symptoms were the most common LUTS (37.0%). Different diagnostic techniques were used, frequently combining CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), USG (Ultrasonography), and/or cystoscopy. Bladder leiomyomas were commonly found on the left lateral wall (26.9%) and the bladder neck (17.6%). In more than half of the cases (52.1%) the treatment techniques used were transurethral resection (TURBt/TUR). Fifteen out of 119 cases (12.6%) had recurrence or remain symptomatic. Symptomatic symptoms at first presentation and extended location are frequently found among recurrent or symptomatic cases after first management. Conclusion: Management of bladder leiomyoma should focus on the relief of symptoms and recurrence and be personalized based on the tumor characteristics, patient symptoms, and surgeon's expertise. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the best course of treatment and long-term results for bladder leiomyomas. In particular, prospective trials with bigger participant pools and meticulously controlled factors should be the main emphasis of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bladder leiomyomas are rare benign growths in the bladder, comprising less than 0.5% of bladder tumors with only 250 cases reported globally. They are more common in women. This case involves a 70-year-old woman with recurrent leiomyoma, presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms and painless hematuria. A recurrent bladder leiomyoma is rarely reported, making its presence exceptionally rare. Case presentation: A 70-year-old Pakistani woman with hypertension and diabetes presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and painless hematuria. She had a history of similar symptoms in 2010, leading to a diagnosis of bladder leiomyoma via cystoscopy and biopsy. Imaging studies revealed a substantial 3.7 × 4 × 4.0 cm isodense mass with calcifications at the bladder base, along with bladder wall thickening and diverticula. Pathological examination during Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) confirmed the presence of bladder tissue with smooth muscle, ruling out malignancy. Immunohistochemical studies supported the diagnosis. A successful TURBT was performed, and the patient recovered well. Discussion: Recurrent bladder leiomyoma is a rarely-discussed topic in medical literature. This article primarily aims to review existing studies and present a detailed case study, shedding light on this rare phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Leiomyomas are benign mesenchymal tumours that rarely arise in the bladder. We present a case of a 53-year-old female who was incidentally diagnosed with a bladder leiomyoma identified on CT imaging performed for investigation of a urachal remnant. We discuss the investigation and management of this lesion in the context of modern urology practice. An awareness of this unusual tumour is important for urologists, who may encounter similar cases in their general urology practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder leiomyomas (BLs) are extremely rare benign tumors of mesenchymal origin. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to their appearance remain unclear including hormonal disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and fetal remnants in the bladder. They usually remain asymptomatic for a long period of time. Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are also rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin with malignant potential usually affecting the pleura. The pathogenesis of SFTs remains unclear. We report the case of a 28-year-old male presenting with SFT of the pleura and synchronous BL. The patient presented with persistent cough as a sole symptom. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax revealed a pleural mass, which was surgically removed and proved to be a SFT. At an early follow-up, abdominal CT scan revealed a bladder wall mass that proved to be a BL. This is the first report of BL with synchronous SFT of the pleura. Synchronous BLs and SFTs may be incidental, but the coexistence of two mesenchymal tumors at different sites, in a young patient, may raise the suspicion of a new clinical syndrome that warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that have low malignant potential (0.1%) and can arise in nearly any area of the body. Genitourinary involvement is very rare and represents only 0.05% of all bladder tumors (Mendes et al., 2017; GÖK, 2017). The most common presenting symptoms of bladder leiomyomas are obstructive voiding (49%), irritative voiding (38%), and hematuria (11%) (Goluboff et al., 1994). Treatment involves complete excision, in this case transurethral resection (TUR), and generally results in complete cure with no recurrences noted in the 250 cases reported in the literature for open resection and 18% recurrence rates after TUR which were successfully treated with a repeat TUR in all cases. Herein, we report a case of leiomyoma of the bladder which was refractory to four visually complete transurethral resections and ultimately required radical cystoprostatectomy with ileal conduit urinary diversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: Leiomyomas of the urinary bladder are rare tumors. Submucosal leiomyomas, when small and easily accessible, can be treated with transurethral resection, while unfavorably positioned or larger leiomyomas may be treated through an abdominal approach. In these cases, a laparoscopic approach for intravesical surgery is an alternative that may be considered. We aim to demonstrate a novel transvesical laparoscopic approach to bladder leiomyoma excision with a video. Methods: A 45-year-old woman with urinary symptoms and a 40-mm submucosal bladder leiomyoma located at the interureteric ridge was referred to our hospital (tertiary referral hospital). Due to the location and size of the leiomyoma, and to increase the probability of complete resection, a transvesical laparoscopic approach was decided. A step-by-step video is presented to describe the surgical technique. Results: There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The patient was discharged 48 h after the surgery. At 60 months' follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic. Conclusions: Transvesical laparoscopy may be considered for excision of bladder leiomyomas. This approach is feasible for trained surgeons as it requires a small working space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]