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Introduction: Pre-election surveys are one of the campaign instruments that political parties use so much to orient their strategies as to build speeches about one's own strength and that of rivals (Aira, Curto and Rom, 2009). In this sense, the polls' forecasts and the interpretation made by political and media actors can have an impact on the decision to vote for citizens. Thus, bandwagon effects have been described (vote by the candidate survey placed in the first position to feel part of the social majority), underdog (vote for a candidate whose surveys predict a bad result, considering that the predictions are unfair), or lethargic (do not go to vote because the surveys give very clear results, with a winning option far from the others), among others. However, the determination of whether the press, with its treatment of pre-electoral surveys, influenced the decision to vote the citizens in the elections to the Parliament of Catalonia in 2015 goes beyond the objectives of this chapter, as this would require an analysis empirical reception. Instead, it proposes a detailed study of the presence and treatment that the press gave to pre-election surveys during the campaign and during the days after the elections, with the aim of offering a global vision on the way like polls, turned into a political actor more than the electoral fight, were conceptualized by the newspapers. The analysis of the treatment given by the press in the surveys, in addition, is of great interest if one takes into account that the campaign of the elections to the Parliament of Catalonia of 2015 takes place in a context of loss of credibility of the surveys, by Having offered electoral forecasts finally not fulfilled (as happened, for example, in the same elections in the Parliament of 2012, in which Convergència i Unió (CiU) ended up being far from the absolute majority and obtained much worse results than the Predicted by any survey, or later, in cases such as Brexit's or the US presidential election, with results that most surveys did not predict1). Therefore, what is intended is to determine to what extent the polls continue to be a relevant actor in the election campaign (evaluating it from their presence in the press), and also how credible they are given from the Press, especially if the treatment changes once the results of the elections are known. In this sense, we want to observe whether the hypothesis is confirmed that pre-election surveys, due to the competitive logic inherent in them and their ability to move ahead to events (Aira, Curto and Rom, 2009) remain a This element is widely present in the press's discourse, although once the elections are held the press "discovers it" and diminishes the credibility that is granted to them, especially if the forecasts are not confirmed or if it is about other people's surveys , and regardless of whether mismatches between forecasts and final results can be explained and justified or not.

The chapter that here presents analyses the electoral surveys during the campaign at the Parliament of Catalonia of 2017. The survey centres at how the media written (digital and at paper) published, legitimate and characterise the electoral polls. The surveys become notable and have a paper at the moment at what enter fully at the modification of the political sand at the decisive processes, that is to say, at the electoral campaign. Besides, the elections that analyse were special for being the first that convened a president of the Generality, Carles Puigdemont, how was prescriptive legally. And this made to augment the necessity to meet for part of the political actors, but also of the citizens, the electoral prognoses.

Twitter because of its immediacy, horizontality and simplicity in the publication and dissemination of content has meant a change in the way in which the three actors of political communication (public, media and citizen actors) interact with each other. This change has occurred in all communicative areas, including those of great social impact such as communication in emergency situations. In the field of emergency communication on Twitter we present the analysis of a relevant case: the contagion of Ebola by nursing assistant Teresa Romero (October, 2014). The study was carried out by means of a mixed methodology and 1,088,749 tuits have been analyzed, a fact that in itself emphasizes the great magnitude and social relevance of this emergency in Spain. The conversation about the Ebola case was organized around the hashtags: #SalvemosaExcalibur and #AnaMatoDimision, mainly. This highlights the main themes on which the conversation surrounding the emergence on Twitter (political criticism, and the case of the dog sacrifice of Teresa Romero).

Twitter because of its immediacy, horizontality and simplicity in the publication and dissemination of content has meant a change in the way in which the three actors of political communication (public, media and citizen actors) interact with each other. This change has occurred in all communicative areas, including those of great social impact such as communication in emergency situations. In the field of emergency communication on Twitter we present the analysis of a relevant case: the contagion of Ebola by nursing assistant Teresa Romero (October, 2014). The study was carried out by means of a mixed methodology and 1,088,749 tuits have been analyzed, a fact that in itself emphasizes the great magnitude and social relevance of this emergency in Spain. The conversation about the Ebola case was organized around the hashtags: #SalvemosaExcalibur and #AnaMatoDimision, mainly. This highlights the main themes on which the conversation surrounding the emergence on Twitter (political criticism, and the case of the dog sacrifice of Teresa Romero).

Twitter because of its immediacy, horizontality and simplicity in the publication and dissemination of content has meant a change in the way in which the three actors of political communication (public, media and citizen actors) interact with each other. This change has occurred in all communicative areas, including those of great social impact such as communication in emergency situations. In the field of emergency communication on Twitter we present the analysis of a relevant case: the contagion of Ebola by nursing assistant Teresa Romero (October, 2014). The study was carried out by means of a mixed methodology and 1,088,749 tuits have been analyzed, a fact that in itself emphasizes the great magnitude and social relevance of this emergency in Spain. The conversation about the Ebola case was organized around the hashtags: #SalvemosaExcalibur and #AnaMatoDimision, mainly. This highlights the main themes on which the conversation surrounding the emergence on Twitter (political criticism, and the case of the dog sacrifice of Teresa Romero).

This chapter accosts the digital communicative crises in Spain, analysing the communicative management of the sanitary emergency in Spain as a result of the contagion of ébola the year 2014 and the derivative crisis of the chemical outburst at Igualada, Barcelona at 2015, at one of the social meshes with main repercussion at the public diary and with main possibilities of impact at situations of emergency: Twitter.