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Objective: To evaluate the association between the dietary patterns (DPs) of pregnant women with GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus ) and the birth weight (BW) of the infants., Methods: Cross-sectional study with 187 adult pregnant women with GDM attended at a maternity in Rio de Janeiro from 2011 to 2014. Dietary intake was assessed in the third trimester using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The outcomes were BW and weight adequacy for gestational age (GA). Reduced Rank Regression (RRR) was used to explain the following response variables: density of carbohydrates, fibres, and saturated fatty acids. Statistical analyzes included multinomial logistic regression models., Results: The mean BW was 3261.9 (± 424.5) g. Three DPs were identified, with DP 3 (high consumption of refined carbohydrates, fast foods/snacks, whole milk, sugars/sweets, and soft drinks and low consumption of beans, vegetables, and low-fat milk and derivatives) being the main pattern, explaining 48.37% of the response variables. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis no statistically significant association was found between the tertiles of DPs and BW or the adequacy of weight for GA, even after adjustments of confounding covariates., Conclusion: No significant associations were found between maternal DPs in the third trimester of pregnancy and infant BW or adequacy of weight for GA., Competing Interests: Conflicts to interest: none to declare.

This study aimed to identify the determinants of low birth weight (LBW) amongst children of adolescent mothers through a hierarchical approach in a cross-sectional study of 751 adolescents attended at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Sociodemographic data, prenatal care, and biological and maternal obstetric conditions were analyzed. Possible determinants of LBW were identified in the bivariate analysis and then hierarchical logistic regression models were tested, considering as taggered hierarchy of distal, intermediate, and proximal levels. Variables with p < 0.05 at each level of analysis were kept in the model, and the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. The prevalence of low birth weight was 10%. The determinants of LBW were: distal level - non-acceptance of pregnancy (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 1.09 to 39.53); intermediate level - having fewer than six prenatal consultations (OR = 4.29; 95% CI = 1.55 to 11.83) and not having standardized nutritional care (OR = 3.18; 95% CI = 1.18 to 8.55); and proximal level - preterm delivery (OR = 10.19, 95% CI = 2.12 to 49.01). The determinants of LBW were maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and birth conditions, which contain certain modifiable social characteristics.

Aims: To evaluate the predictive factors of birth weight (BW) of newborns of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)., Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among pregnant women with GDM treated in a public maternity unit, Brazil. We selected 283 pregnant women, with nutritional follow-up initiated till the 28th gestational week, singleton pregnancy, without chronic diseases and with birth weight information of the newborns. The predictive factors of BW were identified by multivariate linear regression., Results: Mean maternal age was 31.2 ± 5.8 years; 64.4% were non-white; 70.1% were pre-gestational overweight or obese. Mean BW was 3234.3 ± 478.8 g. An increase of 1 kg of weight in the first and third trimesters increased BW by 21 g (p = 0.01) and 27 g (p = 0.03), respectively. Similarly, the other predictive factors of BW were pre-gestational body mass index (β = 17.16, p = 0.02) and postprandial plasma glucose in the third trimester (β = 4.14, p = 0.008), in the model adjusted by gestational age at delivery (β = 194.68, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: The best predictors of BW were gestational age at birth, and maternal pre-gestational and gestational anthropometric characteristics. Maternal glycaemic levels may also influence BW. The results may contribute to a review of prenatal routines for pregnant women with GDM., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

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Objective: To evaluate vitamin A status and its relationship with serum zinc concentrations among pregnant women who had previously undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), correlating these measures with anthropometric maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes.Methods: An analytical prospective longitudinal study was conducted at a clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between March 3, 2008, and March 30, 2012, among women with singleton pregnancies who had previously undergone RYGB. Participants received daily oral supplementation with 5000 IU retinol and 15 mg zinc. Variables assessed included vitamin A status (serum retinol and β-carotene; gestational night blindness), serum zinc concentration, maternal anthropometry, complications during pregnancy, and perinatal outcomes.Results: Overall, 30 women participated. In all trimesters, more than 60% had inadequate serum levels of retinol or β-carotene. Night blindness was reported by 17 (57%) women in each trimester. Only 6 (20%) women had zinc inadequacy in the first and third trimesters. No significant association was observed between serum retinol or zinc and maternal anthropometry and birth weight. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with urinary tract infection (first trimester, P=0.020) and dumping syndrome (third trimester, P=0.013).Conclusion: Despite RYGB and nutritional deficiencies (especially of vitamin A and zinc) increasing risks during pregnancy, there was no apparent fetal compromise when considering the analysis of birth weight and length of pregnancy at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify predictive factors of birth weight (BW) of newborns of women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM). Retrospective observational study with data from pregnant women who started prenatal nutritional monitoring up to 28 weeks, single pregnancy, and BW information. Quantitative variables were analyzed, and mean and standard deviation (SD) measures or medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) were calculated. Predictive factors were identified using multivariate linear regression. Eighty-six pregnant women were analyzed, 50% were diagnosed with type 1 DM, 46.5% with type 2 DM, and 3.5% with unclassified DM; 41% were mixed black and white, 35.6% had overweight and 33.3% had pregestational obesity. The mean BW was 3313.93 g (SD = 696.08). The predictive factors identified were: gestational weight gain (GWG) at the 3rd trimester (ß=60.42; p = 0.04), and gestational age at delivery (ß=194.03; p < 0.001); adjusted by time of diagnosis of DM (p = 0.07) and 1st-trimester glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.71). The best predictors of BW were gestational age at birth and maternal anthropometric gestational characteristics, which are modifiable variables. The results may contribute to a review of the prenatal routines of pregnant women with DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]