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The recent panzootic of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) has affected hundreds of thousands of wild birds around the world. Here, we analyze the outcomes of the first H5N1 outbreak in wild birds of Peruvian protected areas. The first detection of H5N1 was confirmed in dead Peruvian pelicans (Pelecanus thagus) on 13 November 2022; the outbreak then rapidly spread to diverse areas along the Peruvian coast. By mid-March 2023, the species affected and number of dead individuals found was alarming: we found at least 100,485 wild birds belonging to 24 species (some of them threatened), which died due to this virus. The number of bird species and individuals affected by this disease in Peru is of conservation concern due to the severe effect of this virus on these populations and the ecosystem services they provide. This emerging pathogen killed, for instance, around 20 % of the pelican population inhabiting marine protected areas in Peru. We call on authorities and conservation managers in South America to be alert and implement actions such as rapid removal of infected carcasses and epidemiological surveillance to limit the spread of this virus and its consequent impact on wildlife. We must prevent this pathogen spreading to other regions in South America and Antarctica, where many potentially susceptible species live and need to be preserved. Since this emerging pathogen has produced high bird mortality worldwide, it should be addressed as a new threat to the survival of several bird species around the world. • H5N1 is causing a severe disease in wild bird species globally. • We evaluated the outcome of H5N1 outbreak in wild birds in Peruvian protected areas. • In a few months H5N1 killed >100,000 birds of 24 different species only in protected areas. • This virus has severely affected bird populations and the ecosystem services they provide. • H5N1 should be included as a new threat to the conservation of several bird species [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus that spread through the Holarctic region in 2022, affecting millions of birds has reached South America and threatens marine and terrestrial birds, including endangered species. Topics include Realtime information gathering and steps to prevent the spread of disease will be required to mitigate the outbreak; and bird conservation status minimizing risks will give bird populations a better chance against emerging pathogens.