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In the policy discourses of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and European Commission (EC), modern biotechnology and the life sciences are represented as an emerging „bioe-conomy“ in which the latent value underpinning biological materials and products offers the opportunity for sustainable economic growth. This articulation of modem biotechnology and economic development is an emerging scholarly field producing numerous „bio-concepts!' Over the last decade or so, there have been a number of attempts to theorize this relationship between biotechnologies and their capitalization. This article highlights some of the underlying ambiguities in these conceptualizations, especially the fetishism about any,,bio“-item We offer an alternative view of the bio-economy by rethinking the theoretical importance of several key economic and financial processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]