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UFSMFW 2202 is an early black oat cultivar with high dry matter and grain yield potential. When used in rotation systems, the early cycle has the immediate advantage of allowing anticipated sowing of subsequent crop. Initially, the cultivar is recommended for the North and Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul.

The black oat cultivar UFSMFW 2101, recommended for Northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, is very early and can produce high dry matter and grain yields. In rotation systems, an immediate advantage is the very early cycle, with the possibility of anticipated sowing of the subsequent crop.

The objective of this work was to assess the breeding influences in different agronomic and physiological traits in Brazilian soybean cultivars, released between 1965 and 2011, to identify traits associated with modern cultivars. A total of 29 cultivars were evaluated in two locations in the 2016/17 crop season. Genotype selection based on agronomic and physiological traits was determined using GYT (Grain Yield*Trait) methodology, which uses the Superiority Index to rank genotypes by mean of all traits. Grain Yield is combined with other target traits and shows the strengths and weaknesses of each genotype. Soybean breeding improved desirable traits during the 46 years of evaluation. Superiority index can be a powerful tool for breeders to obtain high genetic gains in the future. The cultivars DMario 58i, TMG 7161RR and TMG 7262 RR stand out as the best cultivars but present different sets of desirable traits. The traits grain yield, harvest index, number of pods per plant, reproductive-vegetative ratio, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate are core traits which can be evaluated in soybean breeding programs.

In this study, we summarized the evolution of scientific research about fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. We retrieved research articles from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science database that reported studies of the Asian soybean rust (ASR) from 1945 to 2018. We applied the scientometric analysis of the temporal trends of authors, journals, research partnerships, and resistance genes to ASR. Several studies aiming to understand fungal etiology, testing, or improve strategies to control the pathogen were developed. The temporal trends in publications showed an increase in the number of publications between 2005 and 2013. This is directly related to the dissemination of ASR in South and later North America, which facilitates field research and an increase in grant opportunities. The USA had the highest number of published articles (42%), followed by Brazil, Germany, Japan, and Argentina. The leading organizations associated with these publications are from Brazil and the USA. 19% of articles pertaining to ASR were published in the journal Plant Disease. Our results also showed that among the seven dominant genes identified for resistance to ASR, Rpp1, and Rpp2 are the most studied. Several countries, institutions, and plant scientists are deeply involved in ASR research and have been making efforts to control this disease and ensure food security worldwide.

The wheat cultivar UTF 25 is recommended for wheat-growing regions 1 and 2 of Paraná and Santa Catarina states. It has a good disease resistance, early cycle, and high grain yield potential, with an average yield of 3.511 kg ha-1. It is classified as bread wheat with white flour.

Experimental design without replication, such as Federer's augmented block design, allows us to determine productivity, adaptability and stability in multi-environment trials. This work aimed to select productive wheat lines with high adaptability and stability in preliminary trials. The grain yield of 140 homozygous wheat lines was measured in 2015 at three locations. The cultivar TBIO Mestre was used as a check. Genetic parameters were evaluated by mixed models, and selection was based on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of the genetic values (HMRPGV) using models 74 (individual analysis) and 75 (joint analysis) of Selegen software. In the joint analysis, 33 wheat lines stood out in terms of productivity, adaptability and stability. These lines have the potential to be evaluated in Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials for future release of new wheat cultivars.

This work aimed to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters, the selection gain, and the cause and effect relationships among traits in order to identify important traits for direct and indirect selection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines. Three strategies were used to obtain selection gains: direct and indirect selection, an index based on “ranks,” and the Smith and Hazel index. In the 2017 crop season in Brazil, 420 wheat lines from the F5 generation were conducted in families with intercalary controls. High heritability of spike weight, number of kernels, and total kernel weight resulted in the best direct selection gains. The selection of plants with a high number of tillers resulted in grain yield improvement. The use of selection indexes is important in advanced wheat lines; they promote genetic gains distributed among agronomic traits.