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Worldwide concern about the energy security and search for alternate energy source as fuel has created attention because of increased demand and fast depleting nonrenewable resources of fuel. In order to meet the increasing energy demand, we need to approach the sustainable, cost-effective alternates which should be able to cater unlimited resource utilization potential. Among the next-generation biofuels, butanol is the one which shows the ability to meet both the current and upcoming future energy crisis over the existing biofuels, for its distinguished merits; high energy density, high air-fuel ratio and lower hygroscopicity which make butanol superior over the other. In this review, we summarized all the methods attempted to screen out a high-stress tolerant strain through the various approach like; variation in sampling methods, media optimization, manipulation in physiochemical parameters etc. and then adapting them to high butanol environment. Secondly, the possible techniques involved in the identification of butanol tolerant gene and its overexpression in heterologous host or butanol tolerant microbes through genetic engineering, manipulating the metabolic pathway through engineering synergistically integrated with other disciplines such as synthetic biology as well as systems biology, has been discussed in detail. Apart from this, the present review also highlights the various bottlenecks, achievements and prospects for the commercialization of the butanol as the next generation of biofuel.

Lipase based formulations has been a rising interest to laundry detergent industry for their ecofriendly property over phosphate-based counterparts and compatibility with chemical detergents ingredients. A thermo-stable Anoxybacillus sp. ARS-1 isolated from Taptapani Hotspring, India was characterized for optimum lipase production employing statistical model central composite design (CCD) under four independent variables (temperature, pH, % moisture and bio-surfactant) by solid substrate fermentation (SSF) using mustard cake. The output was utilized to find the effect of parameters and their interaction employing response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic regression with R2¼0.955 established the model to be statically best fitting and a predicted highest lipase production of 29.4IU/g at an optimum temperature of 57.5oC, pH 8.31, moisture 50% and 1.2mg of bio-surfactant. Experimental production of 30.3IU/g lipase at above conditions validated the fitness of model. Anoxybacillus sp. ARS-1 produced lipase was found to resist almost all chemical detergents as well as common laundry detergent, proving it to be a prospective additive for incorporation.

An efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro plant regeneration was developed for Lawsonia inermis L. using cotyledonary node explant derived from axenic seedlings. Highest shoot proliferation frequency (ca 96.6%) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog’s, 1962 (MS) basal medium supplemented with 8.88 μM 6-Benzyladenine (BA) + 2.68 μM Napthalene acetic acid (NAA). Up-scaling of shoots was carried out using in vitro nodes on MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM BA. So overall, an average of 238 shoots was produced at 75 days. Of the four different forms of cotyledonary node explants evaluated, highest shoot multiplication was observed in cotyledonary node explant with two whole cotyledons. In vitro regenerated shoots were best rooted (ca 34.3 roots / shoot) on ½ MS medium devoid of any growth regulator. The plantlets were successfully acclimated in sand:soil:: 1:1and established in the garden soil. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis revealed a homogeneous amplification profile for all micropropagated plants validating the genetic fidelity of the in vitro-regenerated plants and supporting the regeneration protocol for economic commercial exploitation.

Oral biofilm formation is the defense mechanism exhibited by oral pathogens against antimicrobial agents responsible for causing several oral infections. Lipase mediated catalytic degradation of biofilm formed in-vitro by oral pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans is attempted in the present approach. Lipase was produced from sesame oil cake biomass using thermophilic Pseudomonas formosensis TB5 isolated from sediment of Tarabalo hot spring, Odisha. The experiment was designed by using Design-Expert (v.6.0.7). The statistical method central composite design and response surface methodology was carried out to study the interaction between various parameters (pH, temperature, moisture and biosurfactant) on lipase production in a solid-state fermentation process. A quadratic regression model with (R2 = 0.8642), was found to be best fitting and predicted maximum lipase production to be 47.2IU/g at an optimum pH (8.34), temperature (51.63 °C), moisture (52.51%) and biosurfactant (1.36 mg) using sesame oil cake. Experimentally, lipase was produced at a concentration of 50.78IU/g at above predicted optimum conditions which validated the fitness of model, the value being very close to the predicted one. Lipase from P. formosensis was found to degrade biofilm of oral pathogens, proving to be scope of its use a prospective biological agent for dental biofilm treatment after undertaking further analysis.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome has great demand in food and pharmaceutical industry. Odisha is the second largest ginger-cultivating state, and considered as best suitable after Kerala, in India. Forty-eight germplasm from 10 agro-climatic zones of Odisha were genetically characterized and potential duplicates were identified employing 25 polymorphic markers (RAPD, ISSR, SSR). These markers together amplified 170 polymorphic, 136 monomorphic, and 2 unique bands. SSR markers were the most efficient in generating highest primer resolving power (44.85), primer index (10.28), and number of polymorphic bands (67). Genotype–environment interaction was clearly demonstrated from UPGMA dendrogram based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficients and SAHN clustering which divided 48 samples into 8 sub-clusters (showing 80 % congruence with their places of geographical origin). H (0.211), I (0.38), and Gst (0.239) indices revealed genetic diversity within and genetic differentiation among 10 populations. AMOVA showed higher genetic variability among populations (64 %) than within populations (36 %). Ginger accessions having a mean genetic distance less than 0.21 (threshold average genetic distance) were considered redundant. Forty-eight samples could be reduced to 11 genetically diverse groups (each group contains duplicates but is different from each other) which confirmed 77 % of the collection to be redundant. Identification of duplicates can be useful to eliminate confusion regarding synonyms among farmers, help selection of suitable ginger seed material, and facilitate judicious management of germplasm in conservatory. Genetic diversity analysis unraveled the scope of genetic improvement and breeding program. Clustering analysis showed grouping of majority of samples to respective agro-climatic zones and established the possible interaction between genotype and environment.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), a well-known member of family Zingiberaceae, is bestowed with number of medicinal properties which is because of the secondary metabolites, essential oil and oleoresin, it contains in its rhizome. The drug yielding potential is known to depend on agro-climatic conditions prevailing at the place cultivation. Present study deals with comparative transcriptome analysis of two sample of elite ginger variety Suprabha collected from two different agro-climatic zones of Odisha. Transcriptome assembly for both the samples was done using next generation sequencing methodology. The raw data of size 10.8 and 11.8GB obtained from analysis of two rhizomes S1Z4 and S2Z5 collected from Bhubaneswar and Koraput and are available in NCBI accession number SAMN03761169 and SAMN03761176 respectively. We identified 60,452 and 54,748 transcripts using trinity tool respectively from ginger rhizome of S1Z4 and S2Z5. The transcript length varied from 300bp to 15,213bp and 8988bp and N50 value of 1415bp and 1334bp respectively for S1Z4 and S2Z5. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative transcriptome analysis of elite ginger cultivars Suprabha from two different agro-climatic conditions of Odisha, India which will help to understand the effect of agro-climatic conditions on differential expression of secondary metabolites.

Zingiber officinale Rosc., known as ginger, is an Asian crop, popularly used in every household kitchen and commercially used in bakery, beverage, food and pharmaceutical industries. The present study deals with de novo transcriptome assembly of an elite ginger cultivar Suruchi by next generation sequencing methodology. From the analysis 10.9GB raw data was obtained which can be available in NCBI accession number SAMN03761185. We identified 41,969 transcripts using Trinity RNA-Seq from ginger rhizome of Suruchi variety from Odisha. The transcript length varied from 300bp to 8404bp with a total length of 3,96,40,526bp and N50 of 1251bp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first transcriptome data of an elite ginger cultivar Suruchi released for Odisha state of India which will help molecular biologists to develop genetic markers for identification of cultivars.