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The economic viability of enzyme-based lignocellulosic biomass biorefineries depends on the low cost of holocellulose-degrading enzymes necessary for decomposing biomass into fermentable sugars and other value-added products. The high costs of commercial enzymes and the high enzyme loadings required for biomass hydrolysis motivates the use of lignocellulose as feedstock for on-site, integrated production of holocellulases in biorefineries. However, due to high recalcitrance, raw lignocellulose limits fungal growth and enzyme production. Pretreatment technologies can enhance enzyme production when employing lignocellulosic materials as substrate. This review provides a brief description of currently available pretreatment technologies and illustrates the potential of pretreating lignocellulosic wastes for enzyme production with filamentous fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]