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Various nanomaterials have been studied for their biomedical application in recent years. Among them, nanocomposites have a prominent medical application in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases. Nanocomposites are made up of polymeric matrix layers composed of synthetic or natural polymers like chitosan, polyethylene glycol, etc. Polymer nanocomposites are inorganic nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix. There are two types of polymeric nanocomposites which include natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites. These nanocomposites have various biomedical applications, such as medical implants, wound healing, wound dressing, bone repair and replacement, and dental filling. Polymeric nanocomposites have a wide range of biomedical applications due to their high stability, non-immunogenic nature, sustained drug delivery, non-toxic, and can escape reticuloendothelial system uptake along with drug bioavailability improvement. In this review, we have discussed various types of natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites and their biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cascade molecules are nearly uniform-sized macromolecules of small molecules or linear polymer cores built around symmetric branching units. A wide range of biological properties can be achieved with phosphorus-containing dendrimers, depending on their terminal functions, ranging from biomaterials to imaging, drug delivery, and acting as a drug by themselves. This feature article presents significant examples of phosphorus-containing dendrimers used to develop biochips, support cell cultures, carry or deliver biomacromolecules and drugs, bioimaging, and combinational benefits. Because of the thermal stability, ferrocene function, and physical and chemical properties of phosphorus, dendrimers show greater rigidity, mobility, and strength. These dendrimers will be discussed as having a favorable effect on cell growths, especially on neuronal cells, as well as human immune cells like natural killer cells and monocytes, which have a crucial part in preventing cancerous and viral infections. Several phosphorus dendrimers are effective as drugs by themselves (drug per se) and show their activity against neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, ocular hypertension, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in both in vivo and in vitro. The present review discusses the synthetic route, fabrications, and biomedical applications of phosphorus-containing dendrimers. The toxicity of these dendrimers was also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The domain of Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) has seen a surge in research and development during the last decade. JNPs are anisotropic composite innovations with remarkable characteristics that depict a peculiar class of particles, which integrate the features and functions of multiple materials into a single unit. Janus particles are superior prospects for several high-end applications due to their possible modifications by "click chemistry". JNPs offer new possibilities by combining the features of components. Janus nanoparticles can pack multiple pharmaceuticals and imaging contrast agents simultaneously since they have a distinct chemical configuration on different sides. As a result, they become ideal for administration and bioimaging at once. They have sparked interest due to their exceptional architecture and their potential implications in science and engineering, biological application, and most notably, theranostics. The emphasis of this review is on the latest advancement in the fabrication and implementation of innovative Janus nanoparticles, along with their spectacular performance in therapeutic delivery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]