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Energy demand has been overgrowing in developing countries. Moreover, the fluctuation of fuel prices is a primary concern faced by many countries that highly rely on conventional power generation to meet the load demand. Hence, the need to use alternative resources, such as renewable energy, is crucial in order to mitigate fossil fuel dependency, while ensuring reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. Algeria—being the largest county in Africa—has experienced a rapid growth in energy demand over the past decade due to the significant increase in residential, commercial, and industry sectors. Currently, the hydrocarbon-rich nation is highly dependent on fossil fuels for electricity generation, with renewable energy only having a small contribution to the country's energy mix. However, the country has massive potential for renewable energy generation, such as solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower. Therefore, the government aims to diversify away from fossil fuels and promote renewable energy generation through policies and renewable energy-related programs. The country's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Development Plan focuses on large scale solar, wind generation as well as geothermal and biomass technologies. This paper provides an update on the current energy position and renewable energy status in Algeria. Moreover, this paper discusses renewable energy (RE) policies and programs that aim to increase the country's renewable energy generation and its implementation status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biology and dynamics of sardina pilchardus and sardinella aurita from the east coast of Algeria were studied to compensate the lack of data concerning the exploitation of their stocks in this area. The von Bertalanffy growth equations were as follows: Lt = 21.58 [1-e-0.39 (t +0.086)] for S. pilchardus and Lt = 26.68 [1-e-0.41 (t +0.085)] for S. aurita. The equations of the length - weight relationship were TW = 0.0039 TL3.236 for S. pilchardus and TW = 0.005 TL3.134 for S. aurita. The lengths at first maturity (Lm50) were 11.61 and 13.54cm for S. pilchardus and S. aurita, respectively. The natural mortalities (M) were 0.46 year-1 for both species, while those of fishing mortality coefficients (F) were 1.49 year-1 for S. pilchardus and 1.41 year-1 for S. aurita. The results of the virtual population analysis (VPA) showed the existence of an overfishing status for both species. To limit the risk of stock collapse, we recommended adjusting the Fcurrent fishing effort factor to F0.1, it should be reduced by 65% for S. pilchardus and 60% for S. aurita; this would allow for resources renewal. as well as increasing the exploitable biomass of both stocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The quality of life and safeness of the present and future generations are strongly intertwined with the availability of energy sources and the sustainability of the energy infrastructure. Energy consumption in developed countries grows at a rate of approximately 1% per year, and that of developing countries, 5% per year (Muneer et al., 2005 ). Present reserves of oil and natural gas can only cover consumption at this rate for the next 50 years in the case of oil, and for the next 70 years in the case of natural gas. Therefore, one of the fundamental priorities for a country such as Algeria is to use several renewable energies (RE) sources and environmentally friendly energy conversion technologies. Algeria is endowed with large reserves of energy sources, mainly hydrocarbons and a considerable potential for the utilisation of RE sources especially with respect to solar energy. Algeria has the potential to be one of the major contributors in solar energy and become a role model to other countries in the world. RE are now one of the major elements of Algeria''s energy policy and in view of boosting the national effort in terms of RE beyond 2011, Algeria has developed a national programme for the period 2011–2030 to promote concrete actions in the fields of energy efficiency and RE in line with the approach adopted by the government on February 3, 2011. Besides, it confirms Algerian''s ambition to become an international hub for industrial and energy production and exportation in the solar sector. With this in mind, along with the environmental responsibility issues, public awareness gradually increased over the last seven years and alternative energy resources have become a new area of interest. As a tangible target, the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM) strategic plan aims to reach a 40% share of RE (mainly solar) in electric energy production by 2030. The various future projects are all factors that will undoubtedly give Algeria an important role in the implementation of RE technology in North Africa, the capacity for providing sustainable supply of cost-effective electricity from RE sources for the needs of the population, and the possibility of even exporting 10,000MW to neighbouring and European market. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the existing renewable energy sector and a forecast for demand growth, additional capacity, investment requirements and Algeria''s ambitious objectives of use of RE and environment protection. The paper also discusses the current energy scenario and explores the alternative energy like solar and wind to ensure energy security supply, reliability, greater efficiency in energy conversion, transmission and utilisation. Particular attention is paid to Algeria''s global and sustainable solutions of the environmental challenges and the problems of conservation of fossil energy resources under the clean development mechanism (CDM) structure. The report also provides a detailed analysis of the existing renewable energy sector and a forecast for demand growth, additional capacity, and investment requirements [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Biological Reference Points are values of the level of fishing mortality or of the biomass of the stock which seek a long-term sustainable exploitation of the stocks, with the best possible catch. Von Bertalanffy's growth parameters: L∞ = 39.64 (cm), K = 0.36 (year-1), t0 = -0.22 (year), W∞ = 454.85 (g), and the monthly monitoring of size frequencies, allowed to identify the size of first sexual maturity L50, total mortality (Z = 2.11), natural mortality (M = 0.57) and fishing mortality (F = 1.54), all these values were evaluated in the objective to estimate the biological reference points. The assessment was performed using length cohort analysis (LCA) and biomass and yield per recruit's analyses as implemented in VIT4Win software, the program reconstructs the population using mortality vectors and the production per recruit analysis is based on fishing mortality (F). The values of mortality determined seem concentrated on individuals with a size between 22 and 26 cm Lt, Maximum Sustainable Yield MSY 43.25g,the total balanced biomass was estimated at 3.84 t and the yield per recruit analysis (Y/R = 27.87 g) based on current fishing effort showed that the stock is at its minimum operating limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the population distribution and some biological aspects for fish stock assessment of the greater forkbeard Phycis blennoides along the Algerian basin. The distribution of P. blennoides (3418 individuals) was studied using data collected between 170–779 m depth during two bottom trawl surveys developed on 2003 and 2004. Additionally, some biological parameters were obtained from 1050 individuals sampled from commercial fisheries in Algerian ports (i.e. Annaba, Azeffoun, Dellys, Cap Djinet, Zemmouri, Bouharoun, Algiers, La Madrague, Cherchell, Tenes and Mostaganem) during the period 2013–2017. P. blennoides sampled from bottom trawl surveys showed a depth related distribution with the largest individuals being found at 600–800 m depth and the smallest at shallower depths. Density and biomass varied with depth and density also with longitude, while biomass showed no pattern with longitude. Recruitment was recorded in the eastern sector of Algeria during winter, for individuals sampled by bottom trawl surveys. Young P. blennoides entered commercial fisheries in summer, with an overall sex ratio skewed towards males (1F:2.18M). The size at first maturity (L50) was 24.30 cm and 30.39 cm for males and females, respectively. The age at 50% maturity was 2–3 years for specimens collected by a bottom trawl survey in 2003 and commercial fisheries, but 3–4 years for the bottom trawl survey in 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diet of the Greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula has been studied for the first time in the native range of the species. In 15 stomach contents collected in the Bouzeguène massif (Grande Kabylie, Algeria) a total of 155 items of seven main taxa were identified: insects (129 specimens), plants (nine fragments), arachnids (seven specimens), centipedes (four), lizard and geckos (three), isopods (two) and land snail (one). In terms of biomass insects are still the major taxon (48.9%), then centipedes (29.7%) and lizards (14.9%). Most prey are small-sized, with a mode at 3 mm (31%) and few large animals (over 10 mm) are also preyed. Despite this usual selection for size in shrews, this diet, quite different from the diet reported in Europe according to prey availability, denotes a generalist and opportunistic insectivore species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along the Algerian coasts, studies on the effect of the Atlantic water current on the ecology, biomass, and abundance of mesozooplankton were scarce during the last decade. Following several multidisciplinary oceanographic cruises (1990, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2008), the Algerian basin has been shown to be characterized by the presence of a frontal area (surface chlorophyll a concentrations more than 1 mg.m-3). This front is situated between 1° and 4°E. It results from the contact between the Modified Atlantic Water and the Mediterranean Surface Water. The front is marked by a sharp horizontal salinity gradient between the inshore (S = 36.6) and the offshore (S = 36.8) waters. MAW and MSW ecosystems are known for their oligotrophy (surface chlorophyll a concentrations less than 1 mg.m-3). Small species like Paracalanus parvus and Clausocalanus sp. dominate the community in the frontal zone. In the offshore Mediterranean Surface Water zone, carnivores like Oithona, Oncaea, and Pontella dominate both omnivores and herbivores (Temora stylifera, Euterspina acutifrous), predation appears to be more often a characteristic of oligotrophic systems. The species cited above appeared as promising populations for studying the hydrological features and their effects on mesozoplankton communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which investigated the biomass and production of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in relation to the mesoscale structures in the Algerian Current. Materials and methods; Results; Discussion of the results.