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Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, highly prevalent worldwide and nationally, it is characterized by decreased glomerular filtration and is the product of pathophysiological mechanisms that generate changes at the micro and macroscopic level at the kidney, causing irreparable damage in advanced stages. The objective of this review is to describe the risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in adults, based on updated literature, referring to evidence-based medicine. A bibliographic review was carried out, using data bases like Pubmed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Medigraphic. The results of this research showed that the main risk factors are poorly controlled hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension, evolving to chronic renal failure, with significant morbidity and mortality, so its early diagnosis is of vital importance to avoid its appearance. The most used biomarkers for its detection are serum creatinine, microalbuminuria and glomerular filtration rate. Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, highly prevalent worldwide and nationally. It is characterized by a decreased in glomerular filtration rate and is the product of pathophysiological mechanisms that generate changes at the micro and macroscopic level at the kidney, causing irreparable damage in advanced stages. The objective of this review is to describe the risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in adults, based on updated literature, referring to evidence-based medicine. A bibliographic review was carried out, using the Pubmed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Medigraphic databases. The results of this research showed that the main risk factors are uncontrolled hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension, evolving to chronic renal failure, with significant morbidity and mortality, so its early diagnosis is of vital importance to avoid its appearance. The most used biomarkers for its detection are serum creatinine, microalbuminuria and glomerular filtration rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]