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The essential oil (1.83% yield, w/w) of Amomum tsao-ko was obtained by hydrodistillation method in Clevenger apparatus. 38 constituents were detected in essential oil of Amomum tsao-ko by GC-MS analysis. 32 compounds representing 98.393% were identified, of which 1,8-cineole (40.891%), α-phellandrene (9.769%), 4-propyl-benzaldehyde (6.988%), and (E)-citral (4.949%) were major compounds. In particular, 1,8-cineole (48.03%) was quantified accurately by GC-FID using external standard method. As a reference to penicillin sodium, antibacterial activity of the essential oil and 1,8-cineole were evaluated against the bacteria and fungi using agar disc diffusion respectively. The order of antimicrobial activitiy of the essential oil against the bacteria was as follows: Bacillus subtilis.> Staphylicoccus albus.> Escherichia coli. The order of antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against the fungi was: Aspergillus oryzae> Rhizopus sp.> Penicillium sp.The 1,8-cineole showed weak inhibiting effect to the bacteria and ineffective against the fungi.

The essential oil was obtained from the white Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) grown in Heilongjiang by hydrodistillation in a clevenger apparatus with 0.28% yield. Then the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 25 constituents were detected, 24 compounds representing for 98.99% were identified, of which the most abundant compound was β-linalool (64.421%). The antibacterial activities of oil were tested against 3 different general of bacteria and were compared with that of the Penicillin sodium, using the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The result showed that the oil has powerful inhibitory effects against Staphylicoccus albus, followed by Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli.

The essential oil (yield 1.46%, w/w) of Monarda citriodora flowers obtained by hydrodistillation was analysed by GC-MS, Totally 30 constituents were detected. 26 compounds representing 97.23% were identified, of which thymol (44.599%), 1,8-cineole (23.613%), α-phellandrene (4.815%) and β-cymene (4.019%) were major compounds. Thus, the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the predominant portions of the oil. Antibacterial ability of Monarda citriodora essential oil was tested by disc agar diffusion against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylicoccus albus. Antibacterial properties were compared to penicillin. Higher antibacterial activity was observed.

A new monoterpene glucoside (1) was isolated from a methanol extract of the dried aerial parts of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), together with known 2- and 5-beta-D-glucopyranosylthymoquinols (2 and 3, respectively), and (-)-angelicoidenol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). The structure of 1 was elucidated to be (R)-p-cymen-9-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside by spectral evidence and enantioselective synthesis from (R)- and (S)-p-cymen-9-ol derived from p-cymen-8-ol.