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In this study, we attempted to use amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in combination with selective genotyping to detect loci that affected shank length and body weight at 10 weeks of age in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). A total of 88 primer pairs were used in AFLP analyses of 10 and 13 males with the longest and shortest shank lengths, respectively, from an F2 intercross population derived from lines differentiated by large and small body size (LL and SS, respectively). Ten AFLP bands differed strikingly in frequency between the two groups (P 0.05), but did show a significant association with female body weight (P

The electrophoretic variation in bovine hemoglobin-beta (HBB) is one of the most investigated genetic markers. The presence of a unique HBB variant, HBB(X), in Southeast Asian cattle has been reputed as a sign of gene-flow from wild bovine species. In this study, we analyzed the DNA sequences of HBB genes in domestic and wild bovine species to verify this belief. Isoelectric focusing of HBB chain revealed that the HBB(X) in domestic cattle had dimorphism and was separated into HBB(X1) and HBB(X2). The HBB(X1) had the same DNA sequence of the common HBB variant in gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis), while some of the HBB(X2) were identical with that of Cambodian banteng (Bos javanicus birmanicus). As a result, we confirmed that the bovine HBB variants can be a good indicator of introgression between wild and domestic cattle. The HBB(X1) was always predominant to HBB(X2) in the continental populations, suggesting that the gaur had contributed to the gene pool of domestic cattle in this region much more than the banteng. On the other hand, the mitochondrial DNA analysis could not detect gene-flow from wild species. Autosomal markers that can trace the phylogeny between alleles are suitable for the assessment of bovine interspecific introgression.

Six polymorphic sites of the bovine prion protein gene (PRNP) were genotyped in 569 animals of Asian native cattle, Japanese breeds, purebred mythun (Bos frontalis), and mythun x cattle composite animals. At the 23-bp indel site, a deletion (23-) allele was a major allele in all populations except mythun. At the 12-bp indel site, an insertion (12+) allele was a major allele in all populations. The 14-bp indel site was polymorphic in all Asian native cattle. In the octapeptide repeat region, a six-repeat allele was a major allele in all populations, and 5/5 and 4/6 genotypes were detected in Japanese Black and Mongolian cattle and in mythun, respectively. Two nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (K3T and S154N) were detected in Asian native cattle and mythun. Haplotype analysis using the genotypes of the six sites estimated 33 different haplotypes. The haplotype 23- 12- K 6 S 14+ was found in all populations.

The musk shrew (Suncus murinus) is an insectivore species that inhabits tropical and subtropical Asia widely. To clarify the genetic relationship among wild musk shrew populations, we examined the electrophoretic variants of biparentally inherited genetic markers at 10 loci coding for eight blood proteins/enzymes in a total of 639 animals and compared the results obtained from the mitochondrial DNA data. The principal-component analysis performed using the allele frequency data revealed that the 17 populations could be divided into two major groups, a South Asian group and a Southeast Asian group that includes several island populations bound by Myanmar. The degrees of genetic divergence among populations were higher within the Southeast Asian group than within the South Asian group. This finding was incongruent with the mtDNA diversity. Analysis conducted at the individual level showed that a shrew from the central region in Myanmar that carries a South Asian type of mtDNA showed the electrophoretic variants specific to the Southeast Asian group, suggesting that this region is a contact zone between the two major groups.

The gene constitution of polymorphisms of the four calpain genes (µ-calpain, m-calpain, p94, and µ/m-calpain) were analyzed in South-East Asian native chickens, White Leghorn and Broiler commercial chickens, and Red and Green jungle fowl. Polymorphisms were detected at all loci in chickens and Red jungle fowl, but only for CAPN1 (µ-calpain gene) in Green jungle fowl. CAPN2 and CAPN1.5 are linked on chicken chromosome 3, and the genotype for these loci were treated as haplotype. Some combinations of calpain loci were tested using principal component analysis, and the best combination (CAPN1, CAPN3, and CAPN1.5) was determined. The proportion of polymorphic loci (Ppoly) and heterozygosity ( ) were 1.00 and 0.316‐0.465 in domestic chickens and red jungle fowl, and 0.33 and 0.137 in Green jungle fowl, respectively. GST values suggested that the degree of subdivision among native chickens was relatively low except for Thailand, which was highest. Pair-wise FST testing, dendrogram and principal component analysis from the results of calpain loci showed that the four South-East Asian native and commercial chicken populations were close genetically.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is essential for the signalling of growth. In this study, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection in the Japanese quail IGF1R coding region and an association study between SNPs and body weight in two lines (SS and LL) selected for large and small body weight. Of 21 SNPs obtained, a SNP at position AB292766:c.2293G>A led to the replacement of a valine with an isoleucine (V765I). The two lines were fixed for alternate alleles, with allele encoding valine fixed in the LL line. A significant effect of the SNP genotype was found on 10-week body weight (P < 0.01) and on 4- to 10-week and 6- to 10-week average daily gain (P < 0.05) in the F(2) family obtained from lines LL and SS. In six populations maintained in Japan or France, the frequency of allele encoding valine was higher than the allele encoding isoleucine.

The present study was done to evaluate and compare the genetic variability at initial generation in an experiment which was conducted to evaluate the heterosis effect in lines under different modes of selection for egg production using Jouy and Tours strains maintained in INRA. Genetic variability was analyzed for 6 lines (lines 1, 2, 3, 4, C and D) of the both strains by 10 protein loci (Hb-1, Alb, Tf, Es-D, Es-2, 6PGD, ADH, Acp, Prt and Amy). The values of Ppoly were calculated as 0.500-0.600 in Jouy strain and 0.70 in Tours strain. The values of H varied from 0.182 to 0.193 in Jouy strain and from 0.220 to 0.232 in Tours strain. Coefficients of gene differentiation (GST) among line was calculated as 0.019. This values suggests that genetic differentiation among the 6 lines is small. Based on genetic distance data, dendrograms were drawn by unweighted pair group method. Six lines were clustered in two groups. One group is composed of line 1, line 3 and line C, and the other group is composed of line 2, line 4 and line D. Based on 9 loci except Prt locus, genetic relationship among 6 lines in INRA and 6 laboratory populations in Japan was investigated. Genetic distances were calculated as 0.001-0.009 within INRA, 0.029-0.089 within Japanese stock and 0.081-0.184 between INRA stock and Japanese stock. GST calculated from gene frequency of 12 quail lines in INRA and Japan was estimated as 0.191 which is higher than the value among lines within INRA. This results suggest this genetic differentiation between INRA and Japan is larger than between lines in INRA stock and between laboratory lines in Japan. A dendrogram composed of the 12 quail lines showed two different clusters of six lines of INRA and 6 laboratory lines in Japan. These results suggest that gene constitution between quail lines in France and in Japan widely different.

The present study was conducted to know the correlation between both the calpain and calpastatin activities in the skeletal muscle and fractional growth rate (FGR) in normal growth condition using male Satsuma native fowl. FGR was expressed as the ratio of daily gain calculated by the daily gain during 2-3 weeks of age to body weight at 2 weeks of age. The 14 experimental birds with same initial body weight at 2 weeks of age (110g/bird) were selected from 175 birds.The mean of body weight at 3 weeks of age (g) and FGR (%/day) were 207.5±11.9 and 12.66±1.54, respectively. Calpain activities in units/g muscle and units/mg extractable muscle protein were 1.023±0.093 and 0.024±0.004, respectively. The calpastatin activities in units/g muscle and units/mg extractable muscle protein were 0.287±0.027 and 0.013±0.003, respectively. The correlation coefficient between calpain activity in units/g muscle and FGR was -0.66. But, there was no significant correlation between either activities of calpain (units/mg extractable muscle protein) and calpastatin (units/g muscle and units/mg extractable muscle protein) and FGR.

The origin of the domestic fowl and its relationship to the jungle fowl is a continuing interest to the scientists working with poultry. The present study was conducted in order to clarify the relationships among the domestic and jungle fowls using DNA fingerprinting (DFP). These DFP analyses were carried out by mixing equal amounts of DNA from several individuals of a particular population, resulting in a DFP parttern characteristic of the population. Similarities of DFP pattern between breeds or species of fowl were estimated using band sharing (BS) value. From the BS values, the Japanese native stocks and Chinese native stocks were found to form two separate groups, respectively. BS values between Green Jungle Fowl and all other stocks were generally low. Genetic distance among the domestic and jungle fowls was estimated as the mean number of nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site. The results indicated that Red Jungle Fowl was relatively close to the domestic fowls. On the other hand, Green Jungle Fowl was found to be related most remotely to the domestic fowls. Thus, DFP analysis with mixed DNA could be effectively used to assess the genetic relationship among the stocks of fowls.

Lysozyme is one of the best characterized antimicrobial proteins in egg white. Three phenotypes of egg white lysozyme in Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, (namely fast; slow; and the combination, FS) were observed by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The fast phenotype showed faster mobility on Acid-PAGE than the slow phenotype. Comparison of the coding sequences for lysozyme derived from the slow and fast phenotypes revealed a nonsynonymous SNP at nucleotide position 115 from the translation initiation site, which alters AA sequence of lysozyme. This nonsynonymous SNP converted glutamine (Q) in the slow phenotype to lysine (K) in the fast phenotype at AA residue 21 of mature lysozyme (Q21K). Here, we investigated the effect of these phenotypes on muramidase activity, antibacterial activity, and hatchability. Muramidase activity toward isolated cell walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticus was in the order: fast allozyme > slow allozyme > chicken (Gallus gallus), but no significant difference was found among the 3 (P > 0.05). Antibacterial activity against live Staphylococcus aureus cells was significantly greater for the fast allozyme than the slow allozyme from 20 h after incubation (P < 0.05). For the antibacterial effects against live Escherichia coli cells, the activity of fast was significantly higher than that of slow at 16 h after incubation (P < 0.05). Hatchability was estimated for reciprocal crosses of Japanese quail with the FF (fast) and SS (slow) genotypes. Hatchability was 92.5% in FF male × SS female crosses and 87.2% in SS male × FF female crosses. A Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test revealed a significant difference between the crosses (P < 0.05) and indicated that the female-derived slow phenotype led to improved rates of hatching. Our results suggest that the nonsynonymous SNP in Japanese quail lysozyme influences the electrophoretic migration, muramidase activity, and antibacterial activity of the protein, in addition to the hatchability of the eggs. These results demonstrate, for the first time, a significant difference in antibacterial activity and hatchability between 2 lysozyme phenotypes in Japanese quail.

本研究は63世代にわたって体重の大(LL)および小(SS)の2方向へ選抜したウズラ系統ならびにそれらの対象群として維持してきた無作為交配集団(RR)について,血液中のパラサイロイドホルモン(PTH)およびCa++の濃度を測定し,その系統間差について検討を行った.血中PTH濃度はNichals Institute, co. Ltd.のintact PTHキットにより,またCa++濃度は原子吸光法により測定した.ウズラの血中Ca++濃度では雄で274,304および323ppm/ml,雌では868,891および949ppm/mlであり,系統間(P

体重について大小2方向に選抜されたウズラの系統を用いて,骨格筋におけるm-calpainおよびactin遺伝子のm-RNAの発現量の系統間の違いについて分析を行った.供試個体は幼若期の23日齢に屠殺され,ただちに胸筋を採取し,液体窒素で凍結した.全RNAはguanidinium thiocyanateで拙出し,またpoly (A) +RNAはoligo (dT) -cellulose columnで分離した.プローブとして,ヒトβ-actinのPst I断片(2.0kb)とニワトリm-calpainのPst I断片(1.1kb)を用いた.actinとm-calpainのm-RNAは,いずれも体重大系統(LL),対照系統(RR)および体重小系統(SS)の順に高いシグナルを示した,これらの結果から,ウズラの筋肉組織におけるm-calpainおよびactinのいずれの遺伝子においてもm-RNAの発現量には系統間で違いが存在することが明らかとなった.また,いずれの系統においても,actinの発現量がm-calpainの発現量に比べて高かった.

This study was conducted in order to estimate the genetic parameters of Calcium Activated Neutral Protease (CANP) activity in the skeletal muscle of Satstuma native fowl (a Japanese native chicken stock). The CANP activity was measured at three weeks of age with alkali-denatured casein as substrate. Genetic parameters of CANP activity in the crude extract of breast muscle were estimated from sib-analysis. Variations among sire families of the CANP activity were both statistically significant (P

体重大小選抜(LLおよびSS)ならびに無作為交配(RR)のウズラ系統を用いて,それらの系統の筋肉蛋白質代謝回転速度を明らかにし,さらに筋肉蛋白質代謝回転速度と関連を有すると思われる筋肉内のカルシウム依存性中姓プロテアーゼ活性値およびそのインヒビター活性値について分析を行なった.LL, RRおよびSS系統の筋肉蛋白質の分解速度は3週齢で2.1,4.0および9.5%/day,また8週齢で1.4,2.1および3.7%/dayと評価された.筋肉蛋白質の合成速度は3週齢で4,4,7.3および12.3%/day,また8週齢で3.2,2.8および3.9%/dayと計算された.これらの結果から,体重の小さい個体は大きい個体に比べて,相対的に高い代謝速度を有することが示唆された.LL, RRおよびSS系統のm-CANP活性値(unit/mg extractable muscle protein)は3週齢で0.503,0.788および1.146,また,8週齢で0.134,0,224および0.275と評価された.一方,CANPインヒビター活性値を測定すると,LL, RRおよびSSの各系統3週齢で0.196,0.150および0,098,また8週齢で0,157,0.120および0.079と評価された.これらの結果から,m-CANPおよびCANPインヒビター活性値は筋肉蛋白質の分解速度および体重と関連を有し,これらの活性値は体重の選抜に伴い変化したことを示唆している.

1. 1. A chymotrypsinogen from pancreas of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was purified by acid extraction, salt fractionation and chromatographic separation on CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-100, and gave a single protein band on SDS-PAGE. 2. 2. Quail chymotrypsinogen had a mol. wt of 26, 100 calculated from amino acid composition data, an isoelectric point of 7.68, a Km of 3.1 mM and K0 of 40.7 sec−1 for tyrosine ester substrate. 3. 3. The activated chymotrypsinogen of quail had a maximum activity at pH 7.0–8.0 and at 45°C, and was stable at pH 4.0–6.0 below 55°C. 4. 4. Comparison of quail and bovine chymotrypsinogens indicates that the activities of the enzymes from quail and bovine are more constant than their physical characteristics.

The musk shrew (Suncus murinus) is a small mammalian species belonging to Insectivora. It is widely distributed in Asia. To identify the genetic relationship among wild musk shrew populations and examine its migration route, we investigated the populations of Cambodia and Bhutan by using mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and compared them with other Asian populations previously described. Four haplotypes were detected in Cambodia and eight in Bhutan. A total of 53 haplotypes were detected in Asia and were classified largely into two groups, the Continental and Island types, based on a minimum spanning network. From the distribution of mtDNA types in wild musk shrews, three major population groups are identified in Asia: South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Malay. It is suggested that the Malay population group was a mix of South and Southeast Asian population groups and that this was a contact area of the two groups. In addition, other contact areas between the South and Southeast Asian groups exist in Myanmar, but unlike the Malay, the Myanmar area was the border of these groups.

Fractional rates (% X day-1) of synthesis and degradation were determined by measuring the output of N tau-methylhistidine (MeHis) in the excreta at 4 and 8 weeks of age in the chicken. At 4 weeks of age, the fractional rate of synthesis of the meat-type stock was twice that of the egg-type stock (White Leghorn), but the fractional rates of synthesis at 8 weeks of age were similar (4.1-5.1% X day-1) among stocks. The fractional rate of degradation (1.3-1.5% X day-1) of the meat-type stock at 8 weeks of age was less than half the rate of the egg-type stock (2.9% X day-1). The fractional rates of synthesis and degradation at 4 weeks of age in the Satsuma native fowl were relatively high compared with those in the other stocks. In particular, the rate of degradation (8.6% X day-1) at 4 weeks of age was approximately twice that of other stocks. These results show that fractional rates of synthesis and degradation of muscle protein in the chicken differ among genetically diverse groups. The effect of changes in rates of synthesis and degradation on the change in fractional growth rate also differed. From regression coefficients (bks . FGR and bKd . FGR) of these rates in skeletal muscle protein on the fractional growth rate, it was recognized that the change in growth rate accompanies the changes in both synthesis and degradation in White Leghorn and commercial broilers but only the change in synthesis in White Plymouth Rock (dw) and Satsuma native fowl.

The validation of the urinary excretion of N tau-methylhistidine (N tau-MH) by quail as an index of the muscle protein turnover rate was tested using the criterion of the rate of recovery of radioactivity in urine following an intraperitoneal dose of L-[3-14C] methylhistidine. A genetic study on muscle protein turnover in quail was conducted using three genetically diverse lines (LL, large body size; SS, small body size; RR, random-bred control line) selected for body size. When L-[3-14C] methylhistidine was administered to 20-week-old male and female coturnix quail by direct intraperitoneal injection, approximately 90% of the L-[3-14C] methylhistidine was recovered by 96 hr postinjection. Recoveries were low in the egg and muscle. These results show that N tau-MH released from myofibrillar protein is not reutilized and the excretion of N tau-MH is a satisfactory index of muscle protein breakdown. In all lines, the amount of urinary N tau-MH excretion and fractional synthesis (Ks) and degradation (Kd) rates at the high growing period were higher than those at the low growing period. The Ks and Kd are significantly different among selected lines at both 3 and 6 weeks of age. At 3 weeks of age, the fractional rate of synthesis of the LL line (13.2%/day) was higher than that of the RR line (11.5%/day), whereas the SS (8.1%/day) was lower than that of the RR line (11.5%/day). The fractional rates of degradation of both the LL line (4.1%/day) and the SS line (5.6%/day) were lower than that of the RR line (7.0%/day) at 3 weeks of age. From these results, it was recognized that selection for body size gave rise to the changes in the muscle protein turnover rate.

育成初期における日本ウズラの筋肉蛋白質代謝回転速度について遺伝的パラメータの分析を行なった。代謝回転速度はNτ-methylhistidine (Nτ-MH)の排せつ量により測定し,遺伝的パラメータは両親の分散共分散成分により推定した。ウズラの育成期におけるNτ-MH排せつ量,筋肉蛋白質の分解速度(Kd)および合成速度(Ks)は2週齢においては父内母家系間で,4週齢においては父家系間で有意差が見られ,両親の分散成分によるそれぞれの形質の遣伝率は2週齢で.49±.36, .55±.25および.60.26, 4週齢で.46±.25, .65±.16および.25±.21と推定された。各形質間の遺伝相関係数を計算した結果,Ksと平均一日増体量,成長速度および飼料効率との間は2週齢および4週齢共に正の高い相関を示し,KsがKdに比べて,成長や飼料効率と深い関連を有していることが示唆された。これらの結果から,筋肉蛋白質代謝回転速度は遺伝的支配を受けていることが明らかとなり,さらに,それらの代謝速度を選抜の指標として利用し得ることが示唆された。

Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the genetic variation in the liver lipid content of coturnix quail. In Experiment 1, the change of the liver lipid content with advancing age was studied. In Experiment 2, the genetic variation of the liver lipid content at 4 weeks of age was analyzed. Liver lipid was extracted with ethanol-ether solution and weighed. Genetic parameters of liver lipid content, body weight, and liver weight were estimated from sib analysis. The means of liver lipid content at 2 and 4 weeks of age were approximately 25% on a dry weight basis in both sexes. After 6 weeks of age, the liver lipid content of the female was higher than that of the male. The liver lipid content of the egg-laying female was slightly higher than that of the nonlaying female. Heritability (h2sire) of liver lipid content from 4-week-old coturnix quail was estimated as h2sire: .62 +/- .73.

By means of agar gel electrophoresis, acid phosphatase in various organs of the Japanese quail was separated into two polymorphic regions (Acp-1 and Acp-2), and it was found that there existed AA, AB and BB phenotypes in the slow mobility region (Acp-2) on the anode side. These phenotypes in Acp-2 region were shown to be controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles: Acp-2Aand Acp-2B. Gene frequencies in the total population were: Acp-2A, 0.42; Acp-2B, 0.58.Acid phosphatase activity of embryo is detectable from 5th day of incubation and increases as the days of incubation increase. From crossing experiment, it was recognized that gene controlling acid phosphatase of embryo is the same gene that controls acid phosphatase in various organs of adult (Acp-2).

Fractional rates (%/day) of degradation of muscle protein were determined by measuring the output of NT-methylhistidine (NT-MH) in the excreta at 2 and 10 weeks of age in three lines of quail, a random-bred line and two lines selected for body size, one for increased and the other for decreased size. In all lines, fractional rates of degradation of muscle protein at 2 weeks of age were higher than those at 10 weeks of age. The fractional rate of degradation at 2 weeks of age was highest for the RR line, 9.1-9.2%/day. However, at 10 weeks of age, the rank order changed, and the RR line showed the lowest rate, 1.8-1.9%/day. The SS line (5.8-6.2%/day at 2 weeks and 5.8-5.9%/day at 10 weeks of age) was significantly higher than the LL line (4.1-4.2%/day at 2 weeks and 2.1-2.2%/day at 10 weeks of age). Acid protease activities in supernatants of homogenized muscle of the three lines of quail at 2 and 10 weeks of age were measured. In all lines, the acid protease activities in supernatant of homogenized muscle decreased from 2 to 10 weeks of age. At 2 weeks, the protease activity of the RR line was significantly higher than that of the LL and SS lines, which did not differ significantly. However, at 10 weeks of age, the SS line had higher activity in both sexes than the LL and RR lines. The results suggest that selection for body size brings about significant changes in both fractional degradation rate and acid protease activity in the muscle.

1. A unique breed of fowls called Ingie, found on the Tanegashima Island of Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan, is characterised by the incomplete development of the tail feathers. 2. No abnormality of the caudal skeleton was found in the Ingie fowls but the structure of anterior and posterior barbules of the tail feathers differed from those of the normal fowl. 3. Genetical analysis indicated that the hypoplasia of the tail feathers is inherited as an autosomal dominant character: the symbol Hy is proposed for the gene.

In the present study, alkaline phosphatase isozyme of serum in Japanese quail was analyzed electrophoretically; and the relations among alkaline phosphatase activity, thyroidal function and sex hormone were examined.The results are summarized as follows:1) It was found that alkaline phosphatase activity (total activity) of serum in immature Japanese quail was higher than that of mature ones. In the male it continued to decrease with advancing age until 8 weeks of age and afterward it maintained a low activity in maturity. In the female it decreased with advancing age until 6 weeks of age; but at 7 weeks of age when the female reached the stage of egg-laying, serum alkaline phosphatase of the female increased somewhat and thereafter it declined again consistently. The activity of the female is slightly higher than that of the male at the mature stage.2) By means of agar-gel electrophoresis, serum alkaline phosphatase of Japanese quail was separated into two polymorphic regions, and it was found that there existed Fpattern appearing in the fast mobility region (Akp-1) and A, B and C-pattern in the slow mobility region (Akp-2) on the anode side.3) From the result of a comparative study on activities of the abovementioned patterns at each week, it was found that the activity of each pattern was higher in immature quail than in mature ones. Further, at the stage of sexual maturity, the activity of F-pattern of the female was higher than that of the male. These results suggest that the aforsaid difference between the male and female on alkaline phosphatase activity (total activity) at the mature stage is caused by the difference in F-pattern activity between the male and female.4) To elucidate the endocrine control of serum alkaline phosphatase isozyme pattern in the Japanese quail, the present authors undertook the experiments of administration of L-thyroxine, feeding of thiouracil, gonadectomy and administration of sex hormones. As a result, it is suggested that alkaline phophatase activity at the immature stage is resulted to thyroidal function and that F-pattern activity of the female at the adult stage is controlled by estrogen.

Serum amylase isozyme of various breeds of domestic fowl and four species of jungle fowl was studied from genetico-biochemical aspects. The results are summarized as follows:1) In respect of serum amylase isozyme of domestic fowl, 5 bands were detected on the anode side and among these bands, genetic variations were seen in the bands A and B and the existence of three phenotypes, AA, AB and BB was confirmed. From the results of various mating experiments, these bands A and B were found to be controlled by a pair of co-dominant alleles, Amy-1A and Amy-1B located on autosome.2) As to various breeds of domestic fowl classified per origin or use, frequency of phenotype and gene frequency of serum amylase isozyme were examined. As a result, distinct differences among breeds were observed in the frequency of occurrence. The above results seem to be suggestive of the possibility of studies of breed differentiation in domestic fowl with genes controlling amylase isozyme as markers.3) Serum amylase isozyme of four species of jungle fowl, Gallus gallus, Gallus sonneratii, Gallus varius and Gallus lafayetti was analyzed and compared with that of domestic fowl. As a result, coincidence of the phenotypes of serum amylase isozyme of these jungle fowl with those of domestic fowl was confirmed.

Taux de synthese et de degradation des proteines musculaires, poids corporel, taux de croissance et conversion de la nourriture etudies chez des hybrides heterotiques de la caille du japon obtenus par croisement entre 2 lignees endogames