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Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The dispersal and parasitism abilities of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, reared on the larval hosts Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus, were evaluated in a guava orchard. Eleven releases of approximately 3000 parasitoids were conducted in a 15-ha orchard and wasp dispersal was monitored from 6 to 272 m away from a central release point. At each monitoring point, larvae of C. capitata and A. fraterculus were offered as hosts for the parasitoids. In five releases, parasitoids were offered only one host species, and in six releases, they were given a choice. In total, 10,351 parasitoids were recovered from these hosts, all of which were D. longicaudata. Both parasitoid strains dispersed in all directions, but showed a slight bias towards the east. Both strains of the parasitoid survived and parasitized larvae of A. fraterculus and C. capitata for up to 15 days after release, with maximum activity during the first 7 days, but more individuals of the Anastrepha strain were recovered after 15 days. Although the highest rates of parasitism by both wasp strains occurred close to the release point, the Anastrepha strain parasitized more hosts at greater distances from the release point, whereas the Ceratitis strain parasitized more hosts close to release points. Releases of the Anastrepha strain of D. longicaudata are therefore recommended, as this strain yields high rates of parasitism further away from release points and appears to survive longer in the field. Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Dept Agr Sci, Reinaldo Viana St 2630, BR-39440000 Janauba, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Dept Biol, Univ Campus Prof Darcy Ribeiro,CP 126, BR-39401089 Montes Claros, MG, Brazil State Univ Sao Paulo, CENA, Lab Food Irradiat & Radioentomol, Centenario Ave 303, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil State Univ Sao Paulo, CENA, Lab Food Irradiat & Radioentomol, Centenario Ave 303, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil FAPEMIG: APQ-00977-09 CNPq: PQ-309676/2015-0

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T16:58:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-29 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies. It principally affects the skin, and the frequency of mucosal involvement is about 5% to 20%. Considering the rarity of leishmaniasis affecting the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa, we evaluated the characteristics of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and mucosal leishmaniasis and the diagnostic difficulty when the parasites are scarce in tissue samples. The clinical, histopathological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of 17 cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and mucosal leishmaniasis were assessed. Mucosal disease was principally found in the soft palate, oropharynx, and nose, manifesting mainly as a solitary ulcer. In hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, 10 cases revealed abundant amastigotes within the macrophages. Giemsa staining was not shown to be helpful to confirm the diagnosis in 6 cases with scarce or nondetectable amastigotes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed high sensitivity by positive staining in 14 out of 17 cases (82.3%). Polymerase chain reaction was shown to be more sensitive than IHC with 13 out of 14 (92.8%) positive cases, including the 3 IHC negative cases; however, this technique is not available in many endemic regions. In summary, we suggest that the IHC is a simple technique with rapid results and relatively low cost, when compared with other laboratorial procedures; thus, IHC is a helpful tool that should be implemented in the routine diagnosis of leishmania. Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil State Univ Sao Paulo USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil State Univ Sao Paulo USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil FAPEMIG: APQ01122/14

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:40:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The genus Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) includes insect egg parasitoids that are widely used throughout the world as control agents of pest insects. The aim of this study was to identify the species of Trichogramma naturally associated with the eggs of lepidopteran pests of the following agricultural and horticultural crops: collards, Brassica oleracea L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae); papaya, Carica papaya L. (Capparales: Caricaceae); tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanales: Solanaceae); cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae); banana, Musa sp. L. (Zingiberales: Musaceae); passion fruit, Passiflora sp. Degener (Malpighiales: Passifloraceae); sugarcane, Saccharum sp. L. (Poales: Poaceae); and corn (maize), Zea mays L. (Poales: Poaceae); and an invasive species (Sodom's apple milkweed, Calotropis procera Aiton; Gentianales: Apocynaceae) in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We report natural parasitism by Trichogramma in eggs of Agraulis vanillae vanillae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Antichloris eriphia F. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), Danaus sp. (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Erinnyis ello L. (Lepidopera: Sphingidae), and Protambulyx strigilis L. (Lepidopera: Sphingidae). In total, 2,242 specimens of Trichogramma were obtained, belonging to the species T. pretiosum Riley, T. manicobai Brun, Moraes & Soares, T. marandobai Brun, Moraes & Soares, and T. galloi Zucchi. These species of Trichogramma may be candidates for biological control programs of lepidopteran pests in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais and in other semiarid regions. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Protecao Vegetal, Fac Ciencias Agron, BR-18610307 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Montes Claros, BR-39440000 Janauba, MG, Brazil Embrapa Meio Norte, Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria, BR-64006220 Teresina, Piaui, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Protecao Vegetal, Fac Ciencias Agron, BR-18610307 Sao Paulo, Brazil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of ammonium chloride as a nitrogen source for sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) on the development of the crop’s shoot and roots during two consecutive cycles. The experiment was conducted on a Typic Hapludox in the first and second sugarcane ratoons. The treatments consisted of four N doses (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) applied as ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), besides a control, without the application of N. The increase in the NH4Cl dose increased in up to three times soil electrical conductivity in the layer of 0.0-0.2 m, with a consequent increase in the concentration of chlorine in leaves. In the second cycle, the contents of chlorine increased in 1,900 mg kg-1 in the leaf with the application of 200 mg kg-1 NH4Cl, when compared with the control. In the first cycle, the application of NH4Cl doses above 200 kg ha-1 N promoted a decrease in shoot productivity. In both cycles, there was no effect of the NH4Cl doses on root dry matter. High doses of NH4Cl, in consecutive sugarcane cycles, result in a decrease in the productivity of stalks for processing. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de cloreto de amônio como fonte de nitrogênio para cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum sp.) no desenvolvimento da parte aérea e radicular da cultura durante dois ciclos consecutivos. O experimento foi conduzido em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico nos ciclos de primeira e segunda soqueira. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro doses de N (50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1) aplicadas na forma de cloreto de amônio (NH4Cl), além do controle, sem aplicação de N. O aumento da dose de NH4Cl elevou em até três vezes a condutividade elétrica do solo na camada de 0,0-0,2 m, com consequente aumento na concentração de cloro nas folhas. No segundo ciclo, os teores de cloro aumentaram em 1.900 mg kg-1 na folha com a aplicação de 200 mg kg-1 de NH4Cl, em comparação ao controle. No primeiro ciclo, a aplicação de doses de NH4Cl acima de 200 kg ha-1 de N promoveu queda na produtividade de colmos. Em ambos os ciclos, não houve efeito das doses de NH4Cl na fitomassa seca de raízes. Elevadas doses de NH4Cl, em ciclos consecutivos da cana-de-açúcar, resultam em decréscimos na produtividade de colmos industrializáveis.