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Several lines of evidence indicate that agrin, or a protein very similar to it, directs the formation and maintenance of the postsynaptic apparatus at the neuromuscular junction. We discuss the results of studies involving immunohistochemical, biochemical and in situ hybridization techniques that support the hypothesis that agrin or agrin-like molecules active at the junction are produced by motor neurons.

Key message A locus on chromosome 13, containing multiple TIR-NB-LRR genes and SNPs associated with M. javanica resistance, was identified using a combination of GWAS, resequencing, genetic mapping and expression profiling. Abstract Meloidogyne javanica, a root-knot nematode, is an important problem in soybean-growing areas, leading to severe yield losses. Some accessions have been identified carrying resistance loci to this nematode. In this study, a set of 317 soybean accessions was characterized for resistance to M. javanica. A genome-wide association study was performed using SNPs from genotyping-by-sequencing, and a region of 29.2 kb on chromosome 13 was identified. An analysis of haplotypes showed that SNPs were able to discriminate between susceptible and resistant accessions, with 25 accessions sharing the haplotype associated with resistance. Furthermore, five accessions that exhibited resistance without carrying this haplotype may carry different loci conferring resistance to M. javanica. We also conducted the screening of the SNPs in the USDA soybean germplasm, revealing that several soybean accessions previously reported as resistant to other nematodes also shared the resistance haplotype on chromosome 13. Two SNP-based TaqMan® assays were developed and validated in two panels of soybean cultivars and in biparental populations. In silico analysis of the region associated with resistance identified the occurrence of genes with structural similarity with classical major resistance genes (NBS-LRR genes). Specifically, several nonsynonymous SNPs were observed in Glyma.13g194800 and Glyma.13g194900. The expression profile of these candidate genes demonstrated that the two gene models were up-regulated in the resistance source PI 505,099 after nematode infection. Overall, the SNPs associated with resistance and the genes identified constitute an important tool for introgression of resistance to the root-knot nematode by marker-assisted selection in soybean breeding programs. Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-25T13:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alekcevetch2021-Article-Genome-wideAssociationStudyFor.pdf: 2227971 bytes, checksum: 0a80ec688b7cbd982d08e766ff827702 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 Artigo de acesso aberto.

Euschistus heros is an important pest in many crops in Brazil, and different control strategies, mainly involving chemicals, have been evaluated; however, the side effects of these chemicals on the balance of inorganic element levels in the hemolymph are unknown. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the concentration of inorganic elements (focusing on macro-elements) in the hemolymph of female and male E. heros adults, after applying pyriproxyfen at a sublethal concentration (LC30 = 6.68 mL L−1 diluted in distilled water) to 4th instar nymphs, which were kept in controlled conditions. The hemolymph pool was removed 48 h after adult emergence, centrifuged and placed on an acrylic disk added with Gallium as internal standard for the analysis of total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Most of the elements in the control treatment did not differ between females and males. However, following insecticide application to females and males, respectively, there was a significant increase in sulfur (19 and 51%), chlorine (33 and 137%) and calcium (47 and 82%) in the hemolymph. The significantly higher increase in macro-elements in males' hemolymph indicates that the action of pyriproxyfen may be sex-specific. Phosphorus and potassium concentrations also differed between females and males in the control and treated groups. The observed variation in inorganic elements in the insect's hemolymph may be related to the unknown effects of pyriproxyfen, mainly on immune and reproductive performance.

The fungus Corynespora cassiicola causes target spot on soybeans in Brazil and one of the recommended controls for this disease involves the use of fungicides. Here, we evaluated the sensitivity of C. cassiicola isolates to fungicides, comparing the effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% of fungal growth (EC50) using a colorimetric microtiter method, with the EC50 determined by mycelial growth inhibition in a fungicide-amended medium obtained by Xavier et al. (2013), for 16 isolates for carbendazim and prothioconazole. The correlation between EC50 values for both methods were 0.90 and 0.88 for carbendazim and prothioconazole, respectively. After this, the sensitivities of 134 C. cassiicola isolates collected in soybean fields in Parana (PR) and Mato Grosso (MT) in the 2012/13 and 2013/14 crop seasons to carbendazim, prothioconazole, and pyraclostrobin fungicides were evaluated using microtiter method. The spores of the isolates were diluted in Yeast Bacto Acetate culture medium and added to fungicide solutions at concentrations of zero; 0.0032; 0.016; 0.08; 0.4; 2; 10; and 50 μg mL−1. A microplate reader with a 540 nm wavelength was used to estimate the EC50 values. Isolates showed growth inhibition at concentrations higher than 50 μg mL−1, showing a high frequency of resistant isolates, in total, 67% of the isolates from PR and 88% from MT (carbendazim); 99% from PR and 82% from MT (pyraclostrobin); and 11% from PR and 9% from MT (prothioconazole). The results showed that the lower control efficiency for target spot in soybeans in PR and MT to MBC and QoI fungicides could be associated with the presence of resistant isolates.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and factors associated with the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in sheep from Paraná state. The detection of antibodies for T. gondii and N. caninum was performed by homemade and commercial indirect ELISA, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to verify the factors associated with the seroprevalence. Antibodies anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum were observed in 42.7% and in 17.6% of the animals, respectively. The protective factors associated to seropositive were “some level of confinement” (full or semi-extensive confinement) (OR=0.53) for T. gondii and “use of skilled labor” (OR=0.64) for N. caninum. The risk factors were “presence of cats” (OR=1.75) for T. gondii and “feeding of dogs with sheep placental remains” (OR=1.79) for N. caninum. In addition, to presenting a significant and simultaneous seroprevalence for both agents (9.9% of the animals), the results also indicate that deficiencies in management and environmental sanitation, the presence of reservoirs, and types of exploitation enhance the seropositivity. Thus, studies like this might support sanitary programs and public policies for the prevention of T. gondii and N. caninum in the sheep herds of Paraná state. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a soroprevalência e os fatores de risco associados à presença de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em ovinos do Paraná. A detecção dos anticorpos para T. gondii e N. caninum foi realizada, usando-se testes de ELISA indireto caseiro e comercial, respectivamente. A análise de regressão logística múltipla foi usada para verificar os fatores de risco associados à soroprevalência. Anticorpos anti-T. gondii e anti-N. caninum foram observados em 42,7% e em 17,6% dos animais, respectivamente. Os fatores de proteção associados à soropositividade foram “algum nível de confinamento (confinamento ou semiextensivo)” (OR=0,53) para T. gondii e “presença de mão de obra especializada” para N. caminum (OR=0,64). Os fatores de risco foram “presença de gatos” para T. gondii (OR=1,75) e “alimentação de cães com resíduos placentários” (OR=1,79) para N. caninum. Além de apresentar uma significante e simultânea soroprevalência para ambos os agentes (9,9% dos animais), os resultados também indicam que as deficiências em gestão e saneamento ambiental, a presença de reservatórios e os tipos de exploração favorecem a soropositividade. Dessa forma, estudos como estes podem auxiliar em programas sanitários e políticas públicas para a prevenção de T. gondii e N. caninum nos rebanhos ovinos do Paraná.

The capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L. 1766) is the largest existing rodent in the world. This animal species, being synanthropic, may serve as a transmitter of different diseases and parasitic infections in animals and humans as well. Leptospirosis is a cosmopolitan infectious disease with a high prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions that can affect humans and other domestic and wild animals. Due to the absence of regional data and the importance of this animal species in transmitting diseases to animals and humans, the aim of this study was to analyze DNA and anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in free-living capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) from a university campus in the city of Araras in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 31 capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) were captured for collecting their blood samples. The collected sera were analyzed using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). For the detection of Leptospira spp. DNA, the serum samples were used to extract genomic DNA for the nested-PCR analysis. Out of the 31 serum samples, 29 (93.55%) were reactive for MAT, with titers ranging from 25 to 400. The antibody could be identified against the most probable serovar in 26 (89.65%) samples, namely: Grippotyphosa (69.23%), Autumnalis (26.92%), and Bratislava (3.85%). Presence of Leptospira via nested-PCR was found only in 3.22% of serum samples. This study revealed the presence of DNA and anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in free-living capybara. Characterization of these animals as possible carriers and disseminators of the etiological agent in the environment is necessary for identification of infection in other animals and campus visitors. A capivara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, L., 1766) é o maior roedor existente, pertencente a ordem Rodentia e família Hydrichaeridae. Esta espécie animal por ser sinantrópica pode ser transmissora de diferentes enfermidades infecto-parasitárias para animais e também para o homem. Entre as enfermidades, destaca-se a leptospirose, doença infecciosa cosmopolita com elevada prevalência em regiões tropicais e subtropicais que pode acometer o homem e outros animais domésticos e silvestres. Devido à ausência de dados regionais e a importância desta espécie animal para a saúde única o objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar DNA e anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em capivaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) de vida livre provenientes de um campus universitário da cidade de Araras em São Paulo, Brasil. Foram capturadas 31 capivaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris), as quais passaram por coletas de sangue, onde os soros colhidos foram analisados mediante a técnica de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). Para a detecção de DNA de Leptospira spp., as amostras de soro foram submetidas a extração de DNA e esses submetidos à técnica de nested-PCR. Das 31 amostras de soro, 29 (93,55%) foram reagentes na SAM com títulos variando de 25 a 400. Em 26 (89,65%) amostras foi possível identificar o anticorpo contra o sorovar mais provável sendo: Grippotyphosa (69,23%), Autumnalis (26,92%) e Bratislava (3,85%) e em uma amostra de soro (3,22%) evidenciou-se a presença de leptospiras através da nested-PCR. Este estudo evidenciou a presença de DNA e anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em capivara de vida livre, caracterizando estes animais como possíveis portadores e disseminadores do agente etiológico no ambiente, permitindo a infecção de outros animais e também de visitantes do campus.

Treatment of early seeds, using new combinations of chemicals has been increasingly adopted, however, its effects on seed quality during storage are still not completely understood. The aim was to evaluate the physiological seed quality of two soybean cultivars treated with different combinations of chemical products during the storage period. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized with four replications in a factorial 7x5 design for each cultivar, with seven seed treatments and five evaluation periods (times) during storage (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days). The treatments were: 1) fipronil + pyraclostrobin + methyl thiophanate; 2) imidacloprid + thiodicarb + carbendazin + thiram; 3) abamectin + mefenoxam + fludioxonil + thiamethoxam + thiabendazole; 4) carbendazin + thiram; 5) fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole; 6) carboxin + thiram and 7) control (no treatment). The physiological seed quality was evaluated by the following tests: germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand and shoot and root length of seedlings. The physiological quality of soybean seeds decreased during storage in all treatments (including the control). The treatment with the insecticides imidacloprid + thiodicarb associated with the fungicides carbendazin + thiram markedly reduces the physiological seed quality of the tested soybean cultivars.

Asian Soybean Rust (ASR), a disease caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, causing yield losses up to 90%. The control is based on the fungicides which may generate resistant fungi. The activation of the plant defense system, should help on ASR control. In this study, secondary metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV strain were applied on spore germination and the expression of defense genes in infected soybean plants. The F4A fraction and the pure metabolites were used. In vitro, 10 µg mL−1 of F4A reduced spore germination by 54%, while 100 µg mL−1 completely inhibited. Overexpression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), O-methyltransferase (OMT) and pathogenesis related protein-2 (PR-2, glucanases) defense-related genes were detected 24 and 72 h after soybean sprouts were sprayed with an organocopper antimicrobial compound (OAC). Under greenhouse conditions, the best control was observed in plants treated with 60 µg mL−1 of PCA, which reduced ASR severity and lesion frequency by 75% and 43%, respectively. Plants sprayed with 2 and 20 µg mL−1 of F4A also decreased severity (41%) and lesion frequency (32%). The significant reduction in spore germination ASR in plant suggested that the strain of these metabolites are effective against P. pachyrhizi, and they can be used for ASR control.

Abiotic stress, such as drought and flooding, are responsible for considerable losses in grain production worldwide. Soybean, the main cultivated oilseed in the world, is sensitive to both stresses. Plant molecular mechanisms answer via crosstalk of several signaling pathways, in which particular genes can respond to different stresses. Previous studies confirmed that overexpression of transcription factor AtAREB1 confers drought tolerance in soybean. However, plants containing this gene have not yet been tested under flooding. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize genetically modified (GM) soybean plants overexpressing AtAREB1 under drought and flooding conditions in comparison to its genetic background. Physiological and biochemical measurements were performed. In addition, the expression level of genes commonly activated under both stresses was evaluated. The results supported the role of the AtAREB1 gene in conferring tolerance to water deficit in soybeans. Furthermore, under flooding, the GM line was efficient in maintaining a higher photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency in water use, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, resulting in higher grain yield under stress. The GM line also presented higher protein content, lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and lower expression levels of genes related to fermentative metabolism and alanine biosynthesis. These results indicate that in addition to drought stress, plants overexpressing AtAREB1 exhibited better performance under flooding when compared to the non-GM line, suggesting a cross-signaling response to both abiotic factors.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the processing conditions of soybean tempeh on the contents of β-glycoside isoflavones and on their bioconversion into aglycones. Different times of soaking (6, 12, and 18 hours), cooking (15, 30, and 45 minutes), and fermentation (18, 24, and 30 hours) with Rhizopus oligosporus at 37°C were evaluated for tempeh preparation. Grains from the cultivar 'BRS 267' were used, and the experiment was carried out according to a central composite design (23). The response functions comprised the contents of genistin, malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin, daidzein, and genistein, quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Soaking, cooking, and fermentation times change the content, profile, and distribution of the different forms of isoflavones in tempeh. The highest bioconversion of glycoside isoflavones into aglycones occurred in 6-hour soaked soybean grains, whose cotyledons were cooked for 15 minutes and subjected to 18-hour fermentation. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito das condições de processamento do tempeh de soja sobre o conteúdo de isoflavonas β-glicosídeos e sobre sua bioconversão em agliconas. Diferentes tempos de maceração (6, 12 e 18 horas), cozimento (15, 30 e 45 minutos) e fermentação (18, 24 e 30 horas) com Rhizopus oligosporus a 37°C foram avaliados na preparação do tempeh. Foram utilizados grãos da cultivar 'BRS 267', e o experimento foi realizado de acordo com um delineamento composto central (23). As funções-respostas compreenderam o teor de genistina, malonildaidzina, malonilgenistina, daidzeína e genisteína, quantificadas por cromatografia líquida de ultraeficiência (CLUE). Os tempos de maceração, cozimento e fermentação alteraram o conteúdo, o perfil e a distribuição das diferentes formas de isoflavonas no tempeh. A maior bioconversão de β-glicosídeos em agliconas ocorreu em grãos de soja macerados por 6 horas, cujos cotilédones foram cozidos por 15 minutos e submetidos à fermentação por 18 horas.

Enterococcus faecium is a leading cause of health care-associated infections, with specific lineages circulating in hospital settings worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing E. faecium UEL170, sequence type 412 (ST412), isolated from an inpatient with a urinary tract infection., Enterococcus faecium is a leading cause of health care-associated infections, with specific lineages circulating in hospital settings worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing E. faecium UEL170, sequence type 412 (ST412), isolated from an inpatient with a urinary tract infection. This strain is a member of clonal complex 17 (CC17), a globally hospital-associated clone.

Soil productive capacity is related to levels of carbon (C) in aggregates of different sizes. The aim of this study was to assess total organic carbon levels in different size classes of water-stable aggregates in a Rhodic Eutrudox under different production systems. The cropping systems assessed were no-tillage (NT); no-tillage scarified every three years (NTS); disk plowing (DP) and heavy disking (HD). All systems were subjected to crop succession (S) (soybean - Glycine max / wheat - Triticum aestivum) and rotation (R) (soybean, maize (Zea mays), wheat) and cover and green manure (Lupinus albus, Raphanus sativus and Avena strigosa). Intact soil samples were collected in trenches at depths of 0–0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20–0.30 and 0.30-0.40 m. The highest levels of carbon were found under no-tillage, irrespective of the aggregate size class. In all treatments, the top layer (0.0–0,10 m) under crop succession showed the highest carbon content for all aggregate size classes. However, at depths below 0.10 m, crop rotation exhibited the highest carbon levels (between 12 and 20 g kg-1). After 29 years of trials, cropping systems with the lowest soil disturbance combined with crop rotation were found to contribute to raising the level of carbon in the soil and maintaining stable aggregates.

The objective of this work was to evaluate cold storage periods and postharvest longevity of the seedless table grape 'BRS Vitória' subjected to the application of the disease-resistance inducer acibenzolarS-methyl (ASM). Bunches were treated or not with 1% ASM, placed individually in plastic clamshell trays and stored in a cold chamber at 2±1ºC, at a high relative humidity, for three periods (30, 45, and 60 days), followed by a 5-day period of shelf life in plastic clamshells, at 22±2ºC. After each storage period, gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) incidence was evaluated, and the physicochemical analysis was performed. A completely randomized design, with four replicates, was used in two 2x3 factorial arrangements: one evaluating ASM application and cold storage periods; and another, ASM and cold storage + shelf-life periods. ASM did not change the physicochemical characteristics of the bunches, and the incidence of gray mold was lower than 1% in all treatments. Water loss from bunches increased with storage periods. Even without ASM application, 'BRS Vitória' grape can preserve its postharvest quality for up to 60 days of cold storage, plus five days of shelf life in plastic clamshells. Index terms: Botrytis cinerea, Vitis, disease-resistance inducer, gray mold incidence, postharvest conservation, shelf life. Longevidade pós-colheita da uva sem sementes 'BRS Vitória' submetida a armazenamento a frio e à aplicação de acibenzolar-S-metil O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar períodos de armazenamento em câmara fria e longevidade póscolheita da uva apirena 'BRS Vitória', submetida à aplicação do indutor de resistência a doenças acibenzolarS-metil (ASM). Os cachos foram tratados, ou não, com ASM a 1%, individualizados em bandejas de plástico e mantidos em câmara fria a 2±1ºC e à alta umidade relativa por três períodos (30, 45 e 60 dias), seguidos por cinco dias de avaliação da vida de prateleira, a 22±2ºC. Após cada período de armazenamento, avaliouse a incidência de mofo-cinzento (Botrytis cinerea), e realizaram-se as análises físico-químicas dos cachos. Utilizou-se o delineamento completamente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em dois arranjos fatoriais 2x3: um com avaliação de ASM e períodos de armazenamento em câmara fria; e outro, de ASM e períodos de armazenamento em câmara fria + vida de prateleira. O ASM não alterou as características físico-químicas dos cachos, e a incidência de mofo-cinzento foi inferior a 1% em todos os tratamentos. A perda de água dos cachos aumentou com os períodos de armazenamento. Mesmo sem a aplicação de ASM, a uva 'BRS Vitória' pode manter sua qualidade pós-colheita por até 60 dias de armazenamento em câmara fria, além de mais cinco dias de vida de prateleira em bandejas de plástico. Termos para indexação: Botrytis cinerea, Vitis, indução de resistência a doenças, incidência de mofo-cinzento, conservação pós-colheita, vida de prateleira. Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-03T23:38:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PostharvestlongevityofBRSVitoria.pdf: 328144 bytes, checksum: f0980141ba5b87fb3da163069e0b3589 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-03 Título em português: Longevidade pós-colheita da uva sem sementes 'BRS Vitória' submetida a armazenamento a frio e à aplicação de acibenzolar-S-metil.

This study aimed to evaluate the production performance, quantitative carcass characteristics, and economic viability of lambs of genetic group Pantaneiro finished under four production systems: 1) Stockpiled Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã pasture; 2) Consortium of sorghum intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã; 3) Feedlot based on sorghum silage and 2% body weight energyprotein supplementation, 4) Feedlot based on sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation. Were used one hundred Pantaneiro lambs with an average body weight of 17.85 ± 2.50 kg and at 70 ± 15 days of age, approximately. The average final body weight and total body weight gain of the animals finished on the consortium of sorghum intercropped with Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã were higher than those obtained with feedlot based on sorghum silage and 2% body weight energy-protein supplementation. However, when this system were compared with sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation, these characteristics did not differ (P > 0.05). Hot and cold carcass weights were lower when animals were fed sorghum silage and 2% body weight energyprotein supplementation as compared with the animals finished on the other systems. The greatest hot (48.20%) and cold (45.83%) carcass yields were observed in animals finished on sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation. For the carcass compactness index, animals that received sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation obtained higher values than those observed for 2% of supplementation. The economic evaluation showed a great return for the finishing systems, except for sorghum silage and 4% body weight energy-protein supplementation, and concluded that finishing lambs in a crop-livestock integration system presented a higher benefit/cost ratio (1.61). Therefore, based on the conditions under which this study was conducted, the croplivestock integration is the most viable system for finishing lambs. [Eficiência bioeconômica de sistemas de terminação de cordeiros]. Resumo: Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo, características quantitativas das carcaças e viabilidade econômica de cordeiros do grupamento genético Pantaneiro, terminados em quatro sistemas de produção: 1) Pastagem vedada de Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã; 2) Pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã em plantio consorciado com sorgo; 3) Confinamento a base de silagem de sorgo e suplementação energéticoproteica fornecida na proporção de 2% do peso corporal; 4) Confinamento a base de silagem de sorgo e suplementação energético-proteica fornecida na proporção de 4% do peso corporal. Foram utilizados cem cordeiros Pantaneiros com peso médio de 17,85 ± 2,50 kg e 70 ± 15 dias de idade, aproximadamente. O peso corporal médio final e o ganho de peso corporal total dos animais terminados em consórcio de sorgo com Brachiaria brizantha cv piatã foram superiores aos obtidos com o confinamento a base de silagem de sorgo e suplementação energético-proteica na razão de 2% do peso corporal. No entanto, quando comparados com o confinamento a base de silagem de sorgo e suplementação energético-proteica na razão de 4% do peso corporal, essas características não diferiram (P > 0,05). Os pesos de carcaça quente e fria foram inferiores para os animais alimentados com silagem de sorgo e suplementação energética-proteica na razão de 2% do peso corporal em comparação com os animais terminados nos outros sistemas. Os maiores rendimentos de carcaça quente (48,20%) e fria (45,83%) foram observados nos animais terminados com silagem de sorgo e suplementação energético-proteica na razão de 4% do peso corporal. Para o índice de compacidade da carcaça, os animais que receberam silagem de sorgo e 4% de suplementação energético-proteica com relação ao peso corporal obtiveram valores maiores do que os observados com 2% de suplementação. A avaliação econômica mostrou que houve um ótimo retorno econômico para os sistemas de terminação, exceto para o sistema de terminação com pasto vedado, e concluiu que a terminação de cordeiros em integração lavoura pecuária relação de benefício/custo superior (1,61). Portanto, baseado nas condições em que foi conduzido o estudo, a integração lavoura pecuária apresenta-se como o sistema mais viável para terminação de cordeiros. Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T00:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2018Bioeconomic.pdf: 325865 bytes, checksum: 2e28785c787265b5dceefb0689a4e8b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-16

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:31:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032013000300064.pdf: 1888301 bytes, checksum: 267f4719bf6adfaf748339817d32092f (MD5) O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar padrões na estrutura de assembleias de peixes nos riachos de montanha da bacia do rio Tibagi através da caracterização de variações espaciais e temporais na composição de espécies de peixes. Foram realizadas coletas em três trechos dos riachos Varanal, João Pinheiro e Rio Preto. No total foram coletadas 21 espécies, em um total de 1154 indivíduos. As ordens mais abundantes foram Characiformes (59,01 ± 2,84%) e Siluriformes (39,34 ± 2,82%). Phalloceros harpagos foi a espécie mais abundante, com 433 indivíduos, seguida por Trichomycterusaff.davisi com 292 indivíduos. Não foi verificada variação temporal (entre estações), mas a análise de agrupamento sugere uma separação na composição de espécies entre os trechos mais próximos das nascentes dos trechos mais afastados. Os dois primeiros eixos da Análise de Correspondência Canônica (CCA) explicaram 80,09% da variação na distribuição em abundância das espécies de peixes, sendo que as variáveis que estruturam a assembleia de peixes nos riachos estudados foram a largura, a profundidade, a velocidade da água, a vazão, a condutividade e o pH dos riachos. The aim of this study was to verify structure patterns in fish assemblages in mountain streams of the Rio Tibagi basin through the characterization of spatial and temporal variations in the composition of fish species. Samples were collected in three segments of the Varanal, João Pinheiro and Rio Preto streams. We collected 1154 specimens belonging to 21 species. The most abundant orders were Characiformes (59.01 ± 2.84%) and Siluriformes (39.34 ± 2.82%). Phalloceros harpagos was the most abundant species with 433 individuals, followed by Trichomycterus aff.davisi, with 292 individuals. No temporal variations (between seasons) were detected, but the cluster analysis suggests a separation of species composition between the segments closer to the headwaters and those more distant. The first two axes of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) explained 80.09% of the variation in species abundance, and the variables that structured the fish assemblages in those streams were the stream width, depth, water speed, flow rate, conductivity and pH. Universidade Estadual de Londrina – UEL, Centro de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP, Instituto de Biociências

Biological invasions are considered a major threat to biodiversity around the world, but the role of parasites in this process is still little investigated. Here, we compared parasite infections of a host species in the areas where it originated and where it was introduced, and in native and introduced species in the same environment, using the endoparasites of the fish Plagioscion squamosissimus (Sciaenidae) in 3 Brazilian basins. Samples were taken in 2 rivers where the species is native, i.e., Solimões River (SO) and Tocantins River (TO), and where the species was introduced, the upper Parana´ River (PR). In addition, abundances of diplostomids and larval nematodes were compared between P. squamosissimus and 2 native competitors in the PR, Hoplias malabaricus and Raphiodon vulpinus. In total, 13 species of endoparasites were recorded, but only Austrodiplostomum sp. and cestode cysts were present in all localities. Although infracommunity richness was similar, their species composition was slightly different among localities. General linear models using the relative condition factor of fish as response variables, and abundance of the most prevalent parasites as possible predictors showed that the condition of fish is negatively correlated with parasite abundance only in the native range (TO). Abundance of diplostomid eye flukes was higher in the PR, and in the native species H. malabaricus when compared to the invader, which might present an advantage for P. squamosissimus if they compete for prey. However, although P. squamosissimus may have lost some of its native parasites during its introduction to the PR, it is now possibly acting as a host for native generalist parasites.

The objective of this work was to assess the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on traits related with biological nitrogen fixation on 'BRS 268' soybean (Glycine max) subjected to water restriction. Plants were either exposed to drought between 32 (R2) and 47 (R3) days after sowing (DAS) or kept well-watered, in combination with exposure or not to 1?MCP. On the second day under drought (34 DAS), plants from both water conditions were exposed to 1-MCP in a hermetically sealed chamber for 15 hours. Control plants, dry or well? watered, that were not exposed to 1?MCP were kept in a separate chamber. At 36 (R2) and 47 (R3) DAS, shoot and root dry weights, leaf area index, number and dry weight of nodules, total ureides in sap, and N concentration in leaves were assessed. From 47 DAS on, extra plants were well watered until physiological maturity (R 8) and assessed for yield components. Water restriction increased ureides in sap and reduced N in leaves in R2; reduced the number and mass of nodules, shoot dry weight, and leaf area index in R3; and reduced the number of pods and seed mass of plants not exposed to 1?MCP. However, when plants are exposed to 1-MCP, there is an attenuation of water restriction effects. CONTEÚDO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do 1?metilciclopropeno (1?MCP) em parâmetros relacionados à fixação biológica de nitrogênio em soja (Glycine max) 'BRS 268' submetida à restrição hídrica. As plantas foram submetidas à seca entre 32 (R2) e 47 (R3) dias após a semeadura (DAS) ou mantidas bem irrigadas, em combinação com exposição ou não ao 1?MCP. No segundo dia sob seca (34 DAS), as plantas de ambas as condições hídricas foram expostas ao 1?MCP em câmara hermeticamente fechada por 15 horas. As plantas?controle, sob restrição hídrica ou bem irrigadas, não expostas ao 1?MCP foram mantidas em câmara separada. Aos 36 (R2) e 47 (R3) DAS, foram avaliados massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes, índice de área foliar, número e massa seca de nódulos, ureídos totais na seiva e concentração de N foliar. A partir dos 47 DAS, as plantas remanescentes foram mantidas bem irrigadas até a maturação fisiológica (R8) e os componentes de produção foram avaliados. A restrição hídrica aumentou os ureídos na seiva e reduziu o N foliar em R2; reduziu o número e a massa de nódulos, a massa seca da parte aérea e o índice de área foliar em R3; e reduziu o número de vagens e a massa de sementes em plantas sem exposição ao 1?MCP. No entanto, quando as plantas são expostas ao 1?MCP, há atenuação do efeito da restrição hídrica.

Background The soybean-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis can be highly efficient in fixing nitrogen, but few genomic sequences of elite inoculant strains are available. Here we contribute with information on the genomes of two commercial strains that are broadly applied to soybean crops in the tropics. B. japonicum CPAC 15 (=SEMIA 5079) is outstanding in its saprophytic capacity and competitiveness, whereas B. diazoefficiens CPAC 7 (=SEMIA 5080) is known for its high efficiency in fixing nitrogen. Both are well adapted to tropical soils. The genomes of CPAC 15 and CPAC 7 were compared to each other and also to those of B. japonicum USDA 6T and B. diazoefficiens USDA 110T. Results Differences in genome size were found between species, with B. japonicum having larger genomes than B. diazoefficiens. Although most of the four genomes were syntenic, genome rearrangements within and between species were observed, including events in the symbiosis island. In addition to the symbiotic region, several genomic islands were identified. Altogether, these features must confer high genomic plasticity that might explain adaptation and differences in symbiotic performance. It was not possible to attribute known functions to half of the predicted genes. About 10% of the genomes was composed of exclusive genes of each strain, but up to 98% of them were of unknown function or coded for mobile genetic elements. In CPAC 15, more genes were associated with secondary metabolites, nutrient transport, iron-acquisition and IAA metabolism, potentially correlated with higher saprophytic capacity and competitiveness than seen with CPAC 7. In CPAC 7, more genes were related to the metabolism of amino acids and hydrogen uptake, potentially correlated with higher efficiency of nitrogen fixation than seen with CPAC 15. Conclusions Several differences and similarities detected between the two elite soybean-inoculant strains and between the two species of Bradyrhizobium provide new insights into adaptation to tropical soils, efficiency of N2 fixation, nodulation and competitiveness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-420) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Eight phenolic compounds were isolated from Eugenia pyriformis leaves fraction by semi-preparative HPLC and characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Five compounds were isolated and identified for the first time in E. pyriformis species, while this is the first report of the accumulation of isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and the aglycone quercetin in its leaves. E. pyriformis leaves and fruits extracts, as well as the compounds isolated from the leaves most active fraction, were evaluated for their antiglycation and antioxidant activities. The mixture of myricetin-3-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnoside and myricetin-3-O-(4″-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnoside showed the highest antiglycation activity. These results suggest that this species is a promising source of bioactive compounds. Further studies to investigate the inhibition of the glycation process in vivo are necessary to evaluate its use in the treatment and/or prevention of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)-associated diseases. Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Biomolecules (LabFitoBio) Department of Chemistry State University of Londrina (UEL) Nuclei of Bioassays Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) BioSmart Nanotechnology LTDA Me Nuclei of Bioassays Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The incidence of target spot disease on soybean has increased in recent years in Brazil even with intensive use of fungicides, and fungal resistance has been reported in recent studies. The objective of this study was to determine the fungicide sensitivity to carbendazim and prothioconazole in a sample of 24 isolates of Corynespora cassiicola from soybean collected from 1996 to 2011 in the states of Paraná, Mato Grosso and São Paulo (Brazil) and Corpus Christi (Paraguay). The 50% effective concentration (EC50) values were estimated by the relative mycelium growth reduction on fungicide-amended medium with the doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µg of active ingredient/ mL. For carbendazim, four highly resistant isolates (EC50 > ou = 50 µg/mL) were observed from samples collected from Mato Grosso in 2008 and from Paraná and Mato Grosso in 2011. The EC50 values for prothioconazole ranged from 0.47 µg/mL to 26.44 µg/mL (mean: 5.02 µg/mL). The results reinforce the occurrence of C. cassiicola resistance to benzimidazole in Paraná and Mato Grosso states.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:35:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-30 Lowland paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) is a medium-sized rodent that belongs to the Brazilian fauna. Yet little information on its morphology is found in the specialized literature. Thus, the objective of the work was to study the morphology of the adrenal gland of paca by means of microscopic ultrastructure analysis. The adrenal gland secretes specialized substances in the body which promote biological functions of great importance and will provide valuable information to studies in comparative anatomy. Two (2) adult lowland pacas were used, male and female. Soon after death, the animals were positioned in the supine position; their abdominal cavities were opened by pre-retro umbilical and lateral incision followed by folding of the abdominal walls to expose the glands. The adrenal glands were removed; fragments were collected, fixed and prepared for ultrastructure observations using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was observed that the adrenal glands of the paca have divisions as well as the limits of the cortical and medullary region, as well as the subdivisions of the glomerulosa, fasciculated and reticulated areas of the cortical region as in other rodents. An ultrastructure of cells and their components also showed a lot of similarity to that already demonstrated in different rodents. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PR Departamento de Anatomia Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, MG Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo, SP Departamento de Morfologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP Departamento de Morfologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP

The study was conducted to evaluate ways of soil tillage and weed control on the production of cassava. Prior to planting the experiment, an area was left fallow, with a predominance of Brachiaria brizantha , and another area cultivated oat in the conventional tillage system. At the end of the cycle of oats the area was used for the experiment with cassava (cv IAC15). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three treatments and six repetitions. The treatments corresponding to the types of tillage systems and crop driving were: T1-conventional tillage in the fallow and weed control (CT), T2 – No-till on the oat stubble without control of invasive plants (NTwwc) and T3 – No-till oat straw on the control of invasive plants (NTwc). For the treatment corresponding to conventional tillage (CT) of the experimental plots were prepared with a plow and a harrow leveling. The tillage was performed using mechanized planter. The harvest was performed 14 months after planting. The highest values for plant height and fresh weight of shoots were observed in treatments corresponding to the no-tillage system (NTwc and NTwwc). The greatest number of roots ha-1 was observed in NTwwc treatment differing only from the CT. No significant differences were observed for the fresh mass production of roots among the treatments. The highest value from starch content of roots obtained was in the NTwc treatment.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T17:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) US-Brazil Fulbright Fellowship Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The nearly 150 species of Anostomidae comprise one of the most diverse and taxonomically dynamic families of Neotropical freshwater fishes. A recent revision of the enigmatic and poorly diagnosed genus Anostomoides demonstrated that it contains two valid species, each with complicated taxonomic histories; however, that study did not address their phylogenetic placement. Herein, we integrate molecular and morphological data to demonstrate their distant evolutionary relationship, and thus the polyphyly of Anostomoides. While we reconstruct one of the species in a previously hypothesized placement within a clade also containing Laemolyta, Rhytiodus and Schizodon, the other represents a morphologically and genetically distinctive lineage that diverged early in the history of the family. We describe and illustrate the osteology of this remarkable species, discuss the evolutionary implications of its unique suite of features, and use those characteristics to diagnose a new genus that evolved independently of all other known members of the family for approximately 37 Myr. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Univ Estadual Londrina, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid,Campus Univ, BR-86057970 Londrina, PR, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biol Estrutural & Func, R Prof Dr Antonio CW Zanin 250, BR-18618689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Biol Estrutural & Func, R Prof Dr Antonio CW Zanin 250, BR-18618689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 16/11313-8 FAPESP: 18/24040-5 CNPq: 404991/2018-1 CNPq: 306054/2006-0 CNPq: 203489/2018-7 CNPq: 302872-2018-3 FAPESP: 18/20610-1 FAPESP: 16/09204-6 FAPESP: 14/26508-3

The etiological agent of maize white spot (MWS) disease has been a subject of controversy and discussion. Initially the disease was described as Phaeosphaeria leaf spot caused by Phaeosphaeria maydis. Other authors have suggested the existence of different fungal species causing similar symptoms. Recently, a bacterium, Pantoea ananatis, was described as the causal agent of this disease. The purpose of this study was to offer additional information on the correct etiology of this disease by providing visual evidence of the presence of the bacterium in the interior of the MWS lesions by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular techniques. The TEM allowed visualization of a large amount of bacteria in the intercellular spaces of lesions collected from both artificially and naturally infected plants. Fungal structures were not visualized in young lesions. Bacterial primers for the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes were used in PCR reactions to amplify DNA extracted from water-soaked (young) and necrotic lesions. The universal fungal oligonucleotide ITS4 was also included to identify the possible presence of fungal structures inside lesions. Positive PCR products from water-soaked lesions, both from naturally and artificially inoculated plants, were produced with bacterial primers, whereas no amplification was observed when ITS4 oligonucleotide was used. On the other hand, DNA amplification with ITS4 primer was observed when DNA was isolated from necrotic (old) lesions. These results reinforced previous report of P. ananatis as the primary pathogen and the hypothesis that fungal species may colonize lesions pre-established by P. ananatis.

The parasite Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic for small ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, including Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural changes induced in adult H. contortus after in vitro contact with Acacia mearnsii extract (AE), using scanning electron microscopy. Adult nematodes were collected from a naturally infected lamb. In the in vitro assay the parasites were placed in contact with AE (100 mg ml-1), for two hours at 37oC. The nematodes used in the assays (exposed to AE and the negative controls) were analyzed using an electron scanning microscope (quadruplicate per treatment). In all replicates, similar morphological alterations were observed on the entire extension of the cuticle of the specimens that remained in contact with the EA in vitro assays, none significant lesion was observed in the negative control (not exposed to AE). These results indicate the direct action of EA on the cuticle of H. contortus in in vitro trials

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:09:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 We investigated the population dynamics of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae, focusing on the frequency distribution of individuals in size classes, sex ratio and the action of environmental variables (temperature, salinity, texture and organic matter content in the sediment) on reproduction and recruitment. Monthly collections were made in the Ubatuba region from January 1998 to December 2000. A total of 222 individuals were collected, including 123 juveniles (males and females), 43 adult males, 25 non-ovigerous adult females and 31 ovigerous females. Unlike most adult brachyurans, there was no significant size difference between sexes, and sexual dimorphism seems to be a varying characteristic for this crab genus. The reproductive period and recruitment were continuous with peaks that could be related to water mass dynamics and higher food availability in the Ubatuba region. In addition, our results increase knowledge about part of the life cycle of L. ferreirae, which could be useful for comparative studies. NEBECC (Crustacean Biology Ecology and Culture Study Group) São Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Biosciences State University of Londrina (UEL) LABEEC (Laboratory of Biology Ecology and Evolution of Crustaceans) Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN) NEBECC (Crustacean Biology Ecology and Culture Study Group) São Paulo State University (Unesp) Institute of Biosciences

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-23 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Brazilian institute: Financing of Studies and Projects (FINEP) Brazilian institute: Araucaria Foundation (FAP/PR) Funadesp The crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) is a small wild mammal present in all Brazilian biomes and in some countries of South America. This study aimed to verify the involvement of viral infectious agents in the death of a wild crab-eating fox pup (Cerdocyon thous) in Brazil. The Center for Medicine and Research of Wild Animals of the Universidade Estadual Paulista received a free-living crab-eating fox aged approximately 21 days and apparently healthy. After 13 days, the animal presented anorexia, diarrhea, fever, prostration, and neurological signs progressing to death with an inconclusive diagnosis. In a retrospective study, tissue fragments stored at - 80 degrees C were used to identify nucleic acids from major canine viruses, such as canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), canine adenovirus A types 1 and 2, canid alphaherpesvirus 1, and canine distemper virus. The amplified product with the expected length for CPV-2 was obtained from the heart fragment. After performing nucleotide (nt) sequencing of the amplicon, it was possible to demonstrate that the crab-eating fox strain exhibited high (99.8%) nt identity with the CPV-2b prototype (CPV-39 strain). Additionally, deduced amino acid (aa) sequence analysis showed the GAT codon for the aa Asp (D) at position 426 of the CPV-2 viral protein VP2, which characterizes the subtype 2b. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this report describes the first detection of CPV-2b DNA in tissue fragments from a crab-eating fox. Univ Estadual Londrina, Lab Anim Virol, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Celso Garcia Cid Rd,PR455 Km 380,POB 10011, BR-86057970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Londrina, Multiuser Anim Hlth Lab, Mol Biol Unit, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Celso Garcia Cid Rd,PR455 Km 380,POB 10011, BR-86057970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil Univ Pitagoras Unopar, Post Grad Program Anim Hlth & Prod, Arapongas, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Vet Hosp, Ctr Med & Res Wild Anim, POB 560, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Vet Hosp, Anim Pathol, POB 560, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Vet Hosp, Ctr Med & Res Wild Anim, POB 560, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Vet Hosp, Anim Pathol, POB 560, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:13:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 In this study, the chemical composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays) of A. subrufescens and P. ostreatus, cultivated with handmade and commercials supplements, were compared. Additionally, the compounds ergosterol, saccharopine, and hexitol were identified in A. subrufescens by HPLC-MS/MS. The antioxidant compound p-coumaric acid and dihexoses was found in both mushroom species. A. subrufescens presented higher total phenolic content (73.8 ± 0.6 mg GAE 100 g−1) and antioxidant activity than P. ostreatus (16.6 ± 0.5 mg GAE 100 g−1). The handmade supplement based on the waste of noble grains presented statistically similar phenolic content to the mushrooms cultivated with commercial ones Spawn Mate II SE (86.1 ± 1.4 and 92.9 ± 0.3 mg GAE 100 g−1, respectively). Therefore, the results support the use of handmade supplements based on agro-wastes as a viable alternative to the use of high-cost commercial ones. Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Biomolecules (LabFitoBio) Department of Chemistry State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid | Pr 445 Km 380 NuBBE Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651 Departament of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av Eng° Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, S/N NuBBE Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55 Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651 Departament of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av Eng° Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, S/N

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:45:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-17 Rubus rosifolius: Sm. (Rosaceae) is a plant traditionally used in Brazil and some other countries to treat diarrhea, stomach diseases, and as an analgesic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, and as well as other pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was to examine cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of R. rosifolius leaves extract on HepG2/C3A cells and correlate these findings with the expression of mRNA to underlying mechanisms of action. At concentrations between 0.01 and 100 µg/ml, cytotoxic effects were not detected by the MTT assay. This was confirmed by mRNA induction of the CYP3A4 gene (by RT-qPCR assay). However, genotoxic effects occurred at treatments from 1 µg/ml extract (comet and micronucleus test). An increase in the number of cells in S phase was observed at 100 µg/ml, and an elevation in apoptotic cell number was found for all tested concentrations (10, 20, or 100 µg/ml) (cell cycle and apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry). The genotoxicity induced by the extract was the main cause of the rise in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis, as indicated by rise in mRNA of CASP7 gene, and elevation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle at the higher tested concentrations, as an attempt to repair genetic damage that occurred. These observations suggest that, despite its pharmacological potential, the use of R. rosifolius leaves extract may pose a risk to the integrity of the genetic material of human cells. Post-Graduate Program on General and Applied Biology São Paulo State University–UNESP–Biosciences Institute Departamento de Biomedicina Centro Universitário De Rio Preto–UNIRP–São José Do Rio Preto Marilia Medical School Speech and Hearing Therapy Department São Paulo State University–UNESP–Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences Department of Biological Sciences Vale Do Itajaí University (UNIVALI) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Campinas Department of General Biology Londrina State University CECAV and Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Post-Graduate Program on General and Applied Biology São Paulo State University–UNESP–Biosciences Institute Speech and Hearing Therapy Department São Paulo State University–UNESP–Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:38:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemical parameters and the ruminal disappearance of dry matter of forage from the rye Secale cereale, cv. Temprano managed in different harvest regimes at the vegetative stage, with or without application of a fungicide based on Fluxapyroxade + Piraclostrobin at the pre-flowering stage. This was a randomized block experimental design and the treatments consisted of evaluating the forage harvested at floury grain stage, as follow, SCSF: no cut at the vegetative stage, no application of fungicide; SCCF: no cut at the vegetative stage with fungicide application; UCSF: one cut at the vegetative stage, no application of fungicide; UCCF: one cut with fungicide application; DCSF: two cuts at the vegetative stage, no fungicide application; DCCF: two cuts with fungicide application. In general, one cut at the vegetative stage and a subsequent cut for ensiling at floury grain stage was the best system used in cv. Temprano, based on the chemical parameters and ruminal disappearance. This system provided a better composition of fiber carbohydrates with lower contents of Acid Detergent Fiber (41.55%) and Lignin (10.79%) after cutting and resulted in a better disappearance rate of dry matter at the rumen level (0.46 %) per hour of exposure, highlighting the cut at the vegetative stage that produced a material with 20.76% Crude Protein and 52.69% Neutral Detergent showing its nutritional quality for use in grazing land or as haylage. The application of fungicide provided significant improvements in the contents of crude protein (8.24% vs 7.23%) and mineral matter (3.02% vs 2.82%) of the plant at the time of ensiling, which generated better dry matter disappearance rates in the rumen. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste UNICENTRO Agronomia na área de Produção Vegetal UNICENTRO Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Universidade Estadual de Londrina UEL Universidade Estadual de Oeste do Paraná UNIOESTE UNICENTRO Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Ilha Solteira UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Câmpus de Ilha Solteira UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) is a monocotyledon weed of difficult control and high invasive behavior. Atrazine is widely applied in the Americas to control weeds in maize culture, but its efficiency against D. insularis is limited. The incorporation of atrazine into poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapsules increased the herbicidal activity against susceptible weeds; however, the potential of this nanoformulation to control atrazine-tolerant weeds including D. insularis has not yet been tested. Here, we evaluated the post-emergent herbicidal activity of nanoatrazine against D. insularis plants during initial developmental stages. The study was carried out in a greenhouse, using pots filled with clay soil. Plants with two or four expanded leaves were treated with conventional or nanoencapsulated atrazine at 50 or 100% of the recommended dosage (1,000 or 2,000 g ∙ ha−1), followed by the evaluation of physiological, growth, and control parameters of the plants. Compared with conventional herbicide, both dosages of nanoatrazine induced greater and faster inhibition of D. insularis photosystem II activity at both developmental stages. Atrazine nanoencapsulation also improved the control of D. insularis plants, especially in the stage with two expanded leaves. In addition, nanoatrazine led to higher decreases of dry weight of four-leaved plants than atrazine. The use of the half-dosage of nanoatrazine was equally or more efficient in affecting most of the evaluated parameters than the conventional formulation at full dosage. Overall, these results suggest that the nanoencapsulation of atrazine potentiated its post-emergent herbicidal activity against D. insularis plants at initial developmental stages, favoring the control of this atrazine-tolerant weed. Agronomy Department Londrina State University Department of Environmental Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal and Plant Biology Londrina State University Department of Environmental Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) CNPq: 306583/2017-8

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Introduction: Crotalaria spectabilis is an important species used as a pre-plant cover for soybean crops to control the proliferation of endoparasitic nematodes. Species from the Crotalaria genus are known for presenting pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in their composition, however, C. spectabilis is still considered chemically under-explored. Objective: The goal of this manuscript is the development and validation of a method for PAs and flavonoids identification and quantification of C. spectabilis seeds and leaves, a toxic plant used for nematode proliferation control in soil, especially in soybean crops. Materials and methods: Seeds and leaves extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for the identification of the compounds. Results: PAs and phenolic compounds could be identified in both samples based on the MS/MS fragmentation pattern. Molecular formulas of the annotated compounds were confirmed by ultra-high-performace liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-QToF), and monocrotaline could also be confirmed by standard comparison. The quantification of monocrotaline was performed by HPLC-MS/MS, resulting in 123 times higher monocrotaline content in seeds than in the leaves, which could explain its efficiency in combating nematode proliferation in soil. Conclusion: This was the first report of phenolic compounds in C. spectabilis. The current study highlights the importance of C. spectabilis for nematode control due to the presence of toxic PAs, and the employment of analytical techniques for identification and quantification of compounds present in the extracts. Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Biomolecules (LabFitoBio) Department of Chemistry State University of Londrina (UEL) Nuclei of Bioassays Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa Soybean Nuclei of Bioassays Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Department of Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T17:20:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-14 Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is classified into three subtypes (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c) and is the main cause of enteritis and myocarditis in young domestic and wild animals. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of CPV-2 in the feces of asymptomatic free-living coatis from Garden Forest Reserve, Palmital city, SP, Brazil. Fecal samples from 21 coatis (both sexes, different ages, and different aspects of feces) were collected in August 2014 and March 2015. The nucleic acid extracted was submitted to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to amplify a fragment of the VP2 gene of CPV-2. Eight (38%) fecal samples were positive in the PCR assay and were confirmed by sequencing. The 7 nucleotide (nt) sequences analyzed showed 100% nt identity with the prototype strain of CPV-2b (CPV-39 strain). The analysis of the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence revealed the presence of the GAT codon (aa D-Asp) at position 426 of the VP2 viral protein (subtype 2b). This study describes for the first time the identification of CPV-2b in asymptomatic free-living coatis (Nasua nasua) and suggests that coatis are susceptible to Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 infection and are important as a reservoir and an asymptomatic carrier to other wild and domestic animal species. Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Lab Anim Virol, Celso Garcia Cid Rd,PR455 Km 380,POB 10011, BR-86057970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Mol Biol Unit, Multiuser Anim Hlth Lab, Celso Garcia Cid Rd,PR455 Km 380,POB 10011, BR-86057970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil Univ Pitagoras Unopar, Post Grad Program Anim Hlth & Prod, Arapongas, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Vet Hosp, Ctr Med & Res Wild Anim, POB 560, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Vet Hosp, Ctr Med & Res Wild Anim, POB 560, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, is found in more than 2.0 million hectares of soybean fields in Brazil. Identified for the first time during the 1981/82 crop season, in São Gotardo, Minas Gerais; it had already spread to 99 counties in Central and South Brazil by the 1999/2000 crop season, causing an estimated yield loss of US$ 53 million. Since no efficient control measure is yet available , it has been carried out through resistant cultivars. One of the difficulties in selecting resistant cultivars lies on the lack of a reliable source of resistance and of a screening method to distinguish the reactions among cultivars. The objective of this study was to define a criterium for differentiating soybean cultivars reaction to SDS and to find sources of resistance to the disease, based on leaf symptoms. The study included eight soybean cultivars in four replication and were carried out in a greenhouse in two experiments. Plants were inoculated by the colonized toothpick method and assessed 21 days after inoculation , using five different assessment criteria. Results showed that during the determination of the AP % (affected plants percentile ), which revealed the different reactions to SDS among soybean cultivars, the levels of chlorosis were not significantly different from those which took into consideration the incidence of leaf chlorosis or necrosis, regardless of the severity of leaf symptoms. The %AP and the scoring method using a scale of 1 to 5 were the best procedures to assess the reaction of soybean cultivars to SDS through leaf symptoms. Cultivar FT Estrela was used as a highly susceptible standard SDS (%AP = 96.32%). Genotypes PI 567734, PI 520733 and MG/BR 46 (Conquista) were the most resistant to SDS with AP % of 30.79%, 31.30% and 35.34%, respectively. They could be used as a source of SDS resistance in crosses in breeding programs. Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T00:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 c8128f424fa20680.pdf: 125589 bytes, checksum: 33d7d931e3046137731626339033d58d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-28

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-11-30 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundacion Araucaria Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Exploratory factor analysis was applied to determine the chemical differences between fruitbodies of three Agaricus subrufescens mushroom strains [from Japan (JP), Brazil (ABZ), and Belgium (T2)] grown with handmade and commercial supplements. The composition of the ABZ strain cultivated with agro-industrial waste supplement presented a high nutritional composition regarding the amounts of fibre and protein, similar to mushrooms cultivated with the commercial supplement. The chromatographic fingerprints obtained for T2 and JP strains grown with commercial supplements presented similar profiles compared to those cultivated with the supplement based on peanut and the mix of supplements. The chromatographic analysis also showed that the similarities are correlated with the relative abundance of antioxidant compounds annotated by HPLC-MS, such as vanillic acid deoxyhexoside, caffeic acid hexoside, catechin hexosemalonate, digallic acid, cinnamic acid derivative, and p-coumaroylmalic acid. This study showed that handmade supplements based on agro-industrial waste could be viable alternatives for replacing high-cost supplements. Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Biomolecules (LabFitoBio) Department of Chemistry State University of Londrina (UEL) Laboratory of Chemometrics in Natural Sciences (LQCN) Department of Chemistry State University of Londrina, 6001 Nuclei of Bioassays Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Nuclei of Bioassays Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE) Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Faculty of Agrarian and Technological Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T11:54:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 This study investigated the morphology and immunoexpression of aquaporins (AQPs) 1 and 9 in the rete testis, efferent ducts, epididymis, and vas deferens in the Azara's agouti (Dasyprocta azarae). For this purpose, ten adult sexually mature animals were used in histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. The Azara's agouti rete testis was labyrinthine and lined with simple cubic epithelium. Ciliated and non-ciliated cells were observed in the epithelium of the efferent ducts. The epididymal cellular population was composed of principal, basal, apical, clear, narrow, and halo cells. The epithelium lining of vas deferens was composed of the principal and basal cells. AQPs 1 and 9 were not expressed in the rete testis. Positive reaction to AQP1 was observed at the luminal border of non-ciliated cells of the efferent ducts, and in the peritubular stroma and blood vessels in the epididymis, and vas deferens. AQP9 was immunolocalized in the epithelial cells in the efferent ducts, epididymis and vas deferens. The morphology of Azara's agouti testis excurrent ducts is similar to that reported for other rodents such as Cuniculus paca. The immunolocalization results of the AQPs suggest that the expression of AQPs is species-specific due to differences in localization and expression when compared to studies in other mammals species. The knowledge about the expression of AQPs in Azara's agouti testis excurrent ducts is essential to support future reproductive studies on this animal, since previous studies show that AQPs may be biomarkers of male fertility and infertility. Departamento de Anatomia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Anatomia Universidade Estadual de Londrina Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Anatomia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista

Seed treatment with fungi of the genus Trichoderma spp. provides several benefits, including plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, and pathogenic fungi control. Moreover, to avoid inadequate doses and unnecessary costs, these treatments must be applied in proper amounts. However, no study has evaluated their applicability in wheat seeds. This study aimed to determine the most efficient dose of Trichoderma-based products applied as a seed treatment for improving the physiological and sanitary quality of the wheat cultivars TBIO ‘Toruk’ and TBIO ‘Sossego’, besides comparing the performance of biological and chemical agents. Two biological treatments (Trichoderma asperellum SF 04 and Trichoderma harzianum IBLF006) were applied at 0 (control), 5 × 10 11 , 1 × 10 12 , 1.5 × 10 12 , and 2 × 10 12 colony-forming units (CFU) 100 kg–1 seed. Two chemical treatments (carboxin + thiram and pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl + fipronil) were applied at the manufacturers’ recommended doses. Seed germination, shoot and root lengths, seedling dry matter, and sanitary quality were analyzed under laboratory conditions, while seedling emergence, shoot length, and shoot dry matter were analyzed under greenhouse conditions. The optimal dose for wheat seed treatment with T. asperellum SF 04 and T. harzianum IBLF006 was 2 × 10 12 CFU 100 kg–1 seed. When comparing biological and chemical products, our findings indicate that both options are adequate for managing wheat diseases and providing seedling growth via seed treatment. RESUMO O tratamento de sementes com fungos do gênero Trichoderma spp. proporciona diversos benefícios, incluindo promoção de crescimento das plantas, tolerância a estresses e controle de fungos patogênicos. Entretanto, para evitar o uso de doses inadequadas e custos desnecessários, é fundamental a utilização destes na quantidade correta, todavia não há estudos que avaliem a sua aplicabilidade em sementes de trigo. Objetivou-se encontrar a dose mais eficiente de produtos a base de Trichoderma no tratamento de sementes para melhorar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das cultivares de trigo TBIO 'Toruk' e TBIO 'Sossego', além de comparar o desempenho de agentes biológicos e químicos. Os tratamentos biológicos utilizados foram: Trichoderma asperellum SF 04 e Trichoderma harzianum IBLF006, aplicados nas doses de zero (testemunha); 5x1011; 1x1012; 1,5x1012 e 2x1012 UFC (unidades formadoras de colônias) 100 kg-1 de sementes, e os químicos foram: carboxina + tiram e piraclostrobina + tiofanato metílico + fipronil. Em laboratório, conduziu-se testes de germinação, comprimento e massa de matéria seca de plântulas, blotter test e, em casa de vegetação, emergência, comprimento e massa de matéria seca da parte aérea de plântulas. Os tratamentos biológicos T. asperellum SF 04 e T. harzianum IBLF006 apresentam melhor eficiência para aplicação no tratamento de sementes de trigo na dose 2x1012 UFC 100 kg-1 de sementes. Comparando os produtos biológicos com os químicos, os dados indicam que ambas as opções têm potencial para serem utilizadas no manejo de doenças do trigo, além de promoverem o crescimento de plântulas, por meio do tratamento de sementes.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Our aim was to analyze the association between somatic maturation and alterations in metabolic syndrome (METs) risk and C-reactive protein (CRP), focusing on the effect of changes in trunk fat and sports practice. This was a longitudinal study with a one-year follow-up. The sample was composed of 139 adolescents (46 without sports participation and 93 young athletes), aged 10–17 years. As outcomes, we adopted CRP and METs risk (triglycerides, HDL-c, fasting glucose, and mean blood pressure). Somatic maturation was estimated using Mirwald’s method. Structural equation models were used. Somatic maturation was not associated with sports practice, trunk fat, METs risk neither CRP. Sports practice was associated with a reduction in METs risk (β = −0.926; 95%CI:−1.773, −0.080) and reduction in trunk fat (−10.957; −19.630, −2.283), which was associated with increases in METs risk (0.020; 0.004, 0.036). In the CRP model, sports practice was associated with a reduction in trunk fat (−10.324; −18.637, −2.010), which in turn was associated with a reduction in CRP (0.007; 0.001, 0.013). Sports practice and lower trunk adiposity were associated with reductions in trunk fat, METs risk, and CRP through direct and indirect pathways. Our findings highlight the role of sports practice in attenuating the negative effect of trunk adiposity. Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise – LIVE Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Roberto Símonsen, 305 Physical Activity and Health Laboratory Department of Physical Education Londrina State University Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise – LIVE Department of Physical Education Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rua Roberto Símonsen, 305

Submitted by Vivian Rosa Storti (vivian.storti@unesp.br) on 2020-07-17T18:31:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fraceto_lf_preprint_soro_potential.pdf: 2937169 bytes, checksum: a0148edd360407c880d98221ccdd63f7 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Vivian Rosa Storti (vivian.storti@unesp.br) on 2020-07-17T19:53:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fraceto_lf_preprint_soro_potential.pdf: 2937169 bytes, checksum: a0148edd360407c880d98221ccdd63f7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-17T19:53:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fraceto_lf_preprint_soro_potential.pdf: 2937169 bytes, checksum: a0148edd360407c880d98221ccdd63f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Nanomaterials composed of natural matrices associated with biopesticides have promising applications in sustainable agriculture. In this study, the biopesticide neem oil was encapsulated in zein nanoparticles in order to improve its stability and efficiency. Assays of phytotoxicity (using Phaseolus vulgaris) and biological activity against three pests (Acanthoscelides obtectus, Bemisia tabaci, and Tetranychus urticae) were also performed. The neem oil-loaded zein nanoparticles presented 198 ± 16 nm, polydispersity index of around 0.2, satisfactory physicochemical stability, together with high encapsulation efficiency (>80%). Pre- and post-emergence treatments using this new system did not cause any phytotoxic effects towards P. vulgaris. The neem oil nanobiopesticide exhibited mortality effects on B. tabaci and T. urticae, while the effect against A. obtectus was significantly increased, compared to plain neem oil. The results of the characterization, toxicity, and biological activity studies showed the promising potential of these neem oil-loaded zein nanoparticles for use in pest management in sustainable agriculture after the required toxicological assessments Preprint São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Central Multiuser Laboratory, Botucatu, Brazil Department of Crop Protection, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil Laboratory of Bioactivity Assessment and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil FAPESP: 2017/21004-5

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 The present study attempted to verify the prevalence of and risk factors for diarrhea-causing agents in dairy calves from Brazil. Additionally, ages with a higher risk of occurrence for each agent were verified by means of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The collections were performed on 39 farms, belonging to 29 municipalities located in eight states of Brazil. It was possible to conclude that the prevalence of Coronavirus, Rotavirus, Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp., and nematodes was 7.20% (95% CI 4.54–9.78), 6.37% (95% CI 3.85–8.89), 51.52% (95% CI 45.26–55.57), 3.46% (95% CI 2.24–4.67), and 3.46% (95% CI 2.24–4.67), respectively. Ages with higher probabilities of occurrence of these diseases in calves were < 10, > 8, > 6, > 37, and > 36 days, respectively. Diarrhea occurred more significantly (P < 0.0001) in animals less than 21 days old and mainly on those receiving milk through automatic feeders (P < 0.001). Cryptosporidium spp. were a risk factor for the occurrence of Rotavirus, and vice versa (P = 0.0039) and presented a positive correlation with Coronavirus (P = 0.0089). Calves that drink water from rivers, streams, and ponds had a higher chance of being infected by Eimeria spp. (P < 0.0001), as well as developing infection by nematodes (P < 0.0001). The results found in this study highlight the importance of studying the agents of diarrhea together, once they act as coinfection where the losses triggered for the owners will involve some of these agents simultaneously. Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária - CPV Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) MSD Saúde Animal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP/CPPAR Universidade Brasil – Campus de Descalvado Universidade Estadual de Londrina Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública Universidade Federal de Goiás Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias UNESP/CPPAR

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 The 35S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) organized in thousands of copies in genomes, have been widely used in numerous comparative cytogenetic studies. Nevertheless, several questions related to the diversity and organization of regulatory motifs in 5S rDNA remain to be addressed. The 5S rDNA unit is composed of a conserved 120 bp length coding region and an intergenic spacer (IGS) containing potential regulatory motifs (Poly-T, AT-rich and GC-rich) differing in number, redundancy and position along the IGS. The Cestrum species (Solanaceae) have large genomes (about 10 pg/1C) and conserved 2n = 16 karyotypes. Strikingly, these genomes show high diversity of heterochromatin distribution, variability in 35S rDNA loci and the occurrence of B chromosomes. However, the 5S rDNA loci are highly conserved in the proximal region of chromosome 8. Comparison of seventy-one IGS sequences in plants revealed several conserved motifs with potential regulatory function. The AT- and GC-rich domains appeared highly conserved in Cestrum chromosomes. The 5S genic and the GC-rich IGS probe produced FISH signals in both A (pair 8) and B chromosomes. The GC-rich domain presented a strong potential for regulation because it may be associated with CpG islands organization, as well as to hairpin and loop organization. Another interesting aspect was the ability of AT- and GC-rich motifs to produce non-heterochromatic CMA/DAPI signals. While the length of the 5S rDNA IGS region varied in size between the Cestrum species, the individual sequence motifs seem to be conserved suggesting their regulatory function. The most striking feature was the conserved GC-rich domain in Cestrum, which is recognized as a signature trait of the proximal region of chromosome pair 8. Laboratório de Citogenética e Diversidade Vegetal Departamento de Biologia Geral Centro de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Londrina Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-15 Agropolis Fondation Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Information about population structure and genetic relationships within and among wild and brazilian Coffea arabica L. genotypes is highly relevant to optimize the use of genetic resources for breeding purposes. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity, clustering analysis based on Jaccard’s coefficient and population structure in 33 genotypes of C. arabica and of three diploid Coffea species (C. canephora, C. eugenioides and C. racemosa) using 30 SSR markers. A total of 206 alleles were identified, with a mean of 6.9 over all loci. The set of SSR markers was able to discriminate all genotypes and revealed that Ethiopian accessions presented higher genetic diversity than commercial varieties. Population structure analysis indicated two genetic groups, one corresponding to Ethiopian accessions and another corresponding predominantly to commercial cultivars. Thirty-four private alleles were detected in the group of accessions collected from West side of Great Rift Valley. We observed a lower average genetic distance of the C. arabica genotypes in relation to C. eugenioides than C. canephora. Interestingly, commercial cultivars were genetically closer to C. eugenioides than C. canephora and C. racemosa. The great allelic richness observed in Ethiopian Arabica coffee, especially in Western group showed that these accessions can be potential source of new alleles to be explored by coffee breeding programs. Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 375 Km Centro de Ciências Biológicas Área de Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), CP 10.011 CIRAD UMR AGAP AGAP Univ. Montpellier CIRAD INRA INRIA Montpellier SupAgro Departamento de Agronomia Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), CP 6001 Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR) Mestrado em Agricultura Conservacionista, CP 481 Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA Café) Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Plantas – IAPAR Embrapa Café, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 375 km Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-03-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:34:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-695X2019000200191.pdf: 1411392 bytes, checksum: 5a8ec7aa769f17312d1bd6c4d5ed4f32 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) EU Finatec Natural products have been the most valuable source of chemical compounds in the discovery of novel medicines. Secondary metabolites from terrestrial and marine organisms have found considerable use in the treatment of numerous diseases and have been considered lead molecules both in their natural form and as templates for medicinal chemistry. Brazil has an exceptionally rich biodiversity, and a valuable source of secondary metabolites that can be useful for the development of bioproducts. Ipomoea species, Convolvulaceae, are mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical regions, including South America and many are used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. Ipomoea procumbens Mart. & Choisy is endemic from South America, and this is the first study reported on the chemical composition and biological activities of this species. The present work reports the tentatively identification of natural products present in the extracts using a high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method. Additionally, the antioxidant and antifungal biological activities of the leaves, roots and steams extracts and fractions of this species were evaluated. While for the antioxidant activity the hydromethanol fractions (leaves, stem and roots) were more active, the methanol fractions of leaves and stem provided better results for the antifungal assay. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. on behalf of Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Univ Paris 05, Lab Pharmacognosy, UMR CNRS Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Fac Pharm, Paris, France Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Quim, Nucleo Bioensaios Biossintese & Ecofisiol Prod Na, Dept Quim Organ, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Quim, Londrina, PR, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Anal Clin, Lab Micol Clin, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Secretaria Meio Ambiente Estado Sao Paulo, Inst Bot, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Quim, Nucleo Bioensaios Biossintese & Ecofisiol Prod Na, Dept Quim Organ, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Anal Clin, Lab Micol Clin, Araraquara, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2010/52327-5 FAPESP: 2013/07600-3 EU: 269301 FAPESP: 2010/17329-7 Finatec: 120/2017

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 Maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping with forage plants has been adopted with the main goal of promoting benefits on soil physical properties. However, a better understanding of soil chemical attributes and crops nutrition under this system is necessary. The objective was to verify whether intercropping maize with Urochloa ruziziensis (Germ. & Evrard) Crins, a tropical forage grass originating in Africa, associated with N rates, could provide modifications on soil chemical attributes and nutritional status of maize and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in succession. The experiment was carried out for three agricultural years at field conditions in a Rhodic Hapludox soil under no-till system in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Fall/winter (March–August) maize cropping systems, sole or intercropped with U. ruziziensis, were associated with four nitrogen (N) rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha–1 N) applied as ammonium nitrate (30% N). The soil chemical attributes were not influenced by the factors studied. The N rates linearly increased phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and copper (Cu) concentrations in maize leaves by 29, 30, and 49%, respectively, whereas for soybeans, only the concentration of manganese was raised by 15%. Maize leaf calcium was linearly reduced with N rates only when sole cropped, up to 15%. The cropping systems did not influence nutrient concentrations in soybean leaves; however, maize leaf concentrations of P within 80 and 120 kg ha–1 of N, as well as potassium, S, and Cu at all N rates, were reduced in 9, 6.5, 6.5, and 8%, respectively. Institute of Rural Development of Paraná (IDR-Paraná), Rd. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, km 375 Portal Ciência do Solo (PCS), Américo Brasiliense St., 232, Room 6 Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) Soil Science Dep. Univ. of São Paulo (USP), Pádua Dias Av., 11 Agrarian Sciences Center Agronomy Dep. Londrina State Univ. (UEL), Rd. Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, km 380, University Campus Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), National Soybean Center. Rd. Carlos João Strass College of Agricultural Sciences Dep. of Crop Science São Paulo State Univ. (UNESP), José Barbosa de Barros St., 1780 College of Agricultural Sciences Dep. of Crop Science São Paulo State Univ. (UNESP), José Barbosa de Barros St., 1780

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa Universidade de São Paulo Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ayahuasca, a psychoactive beverage prepared from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, is originally used by Amazon-based indigenous and mestizo groups for medicinal and ritualistic purposes. Nowadays, ayahuasca is used in religious and shamanic contexts worldwide, and preliminary evidence from preclinical and observational studies suggests therapeutic effects of ayahuasca for the treatment of substance (including alcohol) use disorders. Aim of the study: To investigate the initial pharmacological profile of ayahuasca and its effects on ethanol rewarding effect using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in mice. Materials and methods: Ayahuasca beverage was prepared using extracts of B. caapi and P. viridis, and the concentration of active compounds was assessed through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The following behavioral tests were performed after ayahuasca administration: general pharmacological screening (13, 130, or 1300 mg/kg – intraperitoneally – i.p., and 65, 130, 1300, or 2600 mg/kg – via oral – v.o.); acute toxicity test with elevated doses (2600 mg/kg – i.p., and 5000 mg/kg – v.o.); motor activity, motor coordination, and hexobarbital-induced sleeping time potentiation (250, 500, or 750 mg/kg ayahuasca or vehicle – v.o.). For the CPP test, the animals received ayahuasca (500 mg/kg – v.o.) prior to ethanol (1.8 g/kg – i.p.) or vehicle (control group – i.p.) during conditioning sessions. Results: Ayahuasca treatment presented no significant effect on motor activity, motor coordination, hexobarbital-induced sleeping latency or total sleeping time, and did not evoke signs of severe acute toxicity at elevated oral doses. Ayahuasca pre-treatment successfully inhibited the ethanol-induced CPP and induced CPP when administered alone. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ayahuasca presents a low-risk acute toxicological profile when administered orally, and presents potential pharmacological properties that could contribute to the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID), Rua Marselhesa, 557, Vila Clementino, CEP 04020-060 Department of Psychobiology Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, Edifício Ciências Biomédicas - 1° Andar, Vila Clementino, CEP 04724-000 UNISA – Universidade Santo Amaro Rua Prof Eneas de Siqueira Neto, 340 - Jardim das Imbuias, CEP 04829-300 Department of Anatomy State University of Londrina (UEL) Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário s/n, Caixa Postal 10011, CEP 86057-970 Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology University of São Paulo (USP) Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 2415 - Edifício ICB - III Cidade Universitária, CEP 05508-900 Department of Biotechnology São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Assis, Avenida Dom Antônio 2100, CEP 19806-900 Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO) School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126 Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CEP 13083-887 Department of Biotechnology São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Assis, Avenida Dom Antônio 2100, CEP 19806-900 FAPESP: 06-58723-4

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-26T06:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-28 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Center for Scientific Computing (NCC/GridUNESP) of the Sao Paulo State University Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Heptapteridae is composed of 228 valid species allocated in 24 genera, making it the most diverse family within superfamily Pimelodoidea, a clade endemic to the Neotropical freshwaters. Heptapterids are widely distributed from southern Mexico to the Pampas of Argentina and occupy a variety of habitats generally in small- to medium-sized rivers. To evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of Heptapteridae, we used a matrix with 1,319 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from the genome from 56 specimens spanning 42 species and 24 genera of Heptapteridae and 19 related siluriform taxa. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian and coalescent-based analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Heptapteridae and confirmed previous hypotheses of a sister relationship between Heptapteridae and Conorhynchos conirostris. We provide the evidence to recognize two subfamilies: (1) Rhamdiinae (Goeldiella, Rhamdella, Rhamdia, Brachyrhamdia, Pimelodella) and (2) Heptapterinae; with two tribes: Brachyglaniini new tribe (Gladioglanis, Myoglanis, Brachyglanis and Leptorhamdia) and Heptapterini (Mastiglanis, Chasmocranus, Cetopsorhamdia, Pariolius, Phenacorhamdia, Nemuroglanis, Imparfinis, Taunayia, Rhamdioglanis, Acentronichthys, Rhamdiopsis and Heptapterus). Inside Heptapterini, we recognize five subclades and provide putative morphological synapomorphies. This paper represents the first molecular hypothesis of intergeneric and interspecific relationships helping to better delineate heptapterid taxa. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Biol, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Programa Posgrad Biol Comparada, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil Drexel Univ, Dept Ichthyol, Acad Nat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Univ Estadual Londrina, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Museu Zool, Londrina, Parana, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2015/00691-9 FAPESP: 2016/11313-8 FAPESP: 2016/50375-9 FAPESP: 2016/19075-9 FAPESP: 2014/26508-3 CNPq: 440621/2015-1 CNPq: 312687/2018-4 CNPq: 200159/2020-8 CNPq: 306054/2006-0

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:55:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:05:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-50532021000400786.pdf: 944248 bytes, checksum: 167925933dc0ec4ec63ea2afbf080153 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Platonia insignis fruit, popularly known as bacuri, is traditionally used in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study determined the chemical composition and biological activities of the bacuri’s shell and seeds extracts, considered residues from its consumption and industrial uses. Four biflavonoids (GB-2a, GB-1a, morelloflavone, and volkensiflavone) were identified in the extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and liquid chromatography-solid phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-SPE-NMR) techniques. Morelloflavone was identified as the main compound in the shell ethyl acetate extract, being responsible for the high in vitro antioxidant (50% effective concentration (EC50) ranging from 8.0-10.5 µg mL−1 in different protocols), anti-glycant (80%), and moderate inhibition of nitric oxide (1.56 µg mL−1 for > 90% cell viability) activities. This extract showed promising in vivo anti-inflammatory activity evaluated through the paw edema protocol after its incorporation into a liquid-crystalline drug carrier system, reducing the edema by up to 31%. The results demonstrated the potential of the fruit for the development of drugs of natural origin and corroborated to add economic value to these discarded residues. Núcleo de Bioensaios Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE) Departamento de Química Orgânica Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Biomoléculas (LabFitoBio) Departamento de Química Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia (FACET) Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) Departamento de Genética e Morfologia Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Núcleo de Bioensaios Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE) Departamento de Química Orgânica Instituto de Química Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Unesp) CNPq: 142014/2018-4 CNPq: 159735/2017-3 FAPESP: 2013/07600-3 CNPq: 2014/465637-0 FAPESP: 2014/50926-0 FAPESP: 2016/16970-7 FAPESP: 2017/18807-9 FAPESP: 2017/19870-6

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:32:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Naringin, considered as the main bitter component of grapefruit, requires the use of enzymes to reduce the level of this substance during juice processing. For this reason, it has been the focus of many studies. In this study, to increase the production of naringinase by Aspergillus niger cultivated in solid-state fermentation (SSF), a three-component simplex-centric mixing design along with a response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to generate statistical models and analyze the dataset. First, grapefruit peel, rice bran, and wheat bran were used for substrate selection for naringinase production and, finally, selected the best of the three inducers or their mixtures to remove the bitterness of grapefruit juice. Cultivation with 2.3 g of grapefruit peel, 2.5 g of rice bran, and 5.2 g of wheat bran and medium supplementation with a mixture of naringin, rutin, and hesperidin in the concentration of 2, 5, 4.5, and 3.0 g/L, respectively, resulted in a maximum activity of 28 U/mL. The results indicate that the sequencing procedure, which allowed the definition of an optimal mixture of components, is a new way for microorganisms to have a high naringinase yield, in particular by SSF, since our data showed a 96% increase in the production of naringinase. This dataset can help other researchers apply a mixing design to increase enzyme production. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology State University of Londrina Departamento de Tecnologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 5,SP Departamento de Tecnologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rod. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 5,SP CAPES: #2015

Initial seed vigor and sowing density interact in establishment of plants in the field, and can thus affect expression of the plasticity of the wheat crop and the yield and physiological quality of the seeds produced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed vigor levels in combination with sowing densities on the yield and physiological potential of wheat seeds. The cultivars BRS Gralha-Azul and BRS Sabiá were used in a randomized block experimental design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of seeds of high and low vigor and four sowing densities (150, 250, 350, and 450 seeds.m-2). The following evaluations were made: seed yield, germination, first germination count, seedling length, seedling dry matter, accelerated aging, emergence speed index, and seedling emergence in sand. An increase in sowing density favors the seed yield of both cultivars; however, it reduces the vigor of the seeds produced by the cultivar BRS Gralha-Azul, especially of the seeds produced by plants originating from high vigor seeds. For the cultivar BRS Sabiá, an increase in sowing density decreases the germination performance of seeds produced by plants originating from low vigor seeds. Resumo: O vigor inicial de sementes e a densidade de semeadura utilizada interagem para o estabelecimento de plantas em campo, e assim, podem influenciar a expressão da plasticidade da cultura do trigo, a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do nível de vigor de sementes associado a densidades de semeadura sobre a produtividade e potencial fisiológico de sementes de trigo. Foram utilizadas as cultivares BRS Gralha-Azul e BRS Sabiá, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em sementes de alto e baixo vigor e quatro densidades de semeadura (150, 250, 350 e 450 sementes.m-2). Foram avaliados: produtividade de sementes, germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, comprimento e massa de matéria seca de plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado, índice de velocidade de emergência e emergência de plântulas em areia. O aumento da densidade de semeadura favorece a produtividade de sementes das cultivares, entretanto reduz o vigor das sementes produzidas pela cultivar BRS Gralha-Azul, principalmente as oriundas de plantas de sementes de alto vigor. Para a cultivar BRS Sabiá, o aumento da densidade de semeadura desfavorece o desempenho germinativo de sementes de plantas de sementes de baixo vigor.