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Akan, Mehmet/0000-0002-7342-1450 WOS: 000399021800012 PubMed: 28255651 The genus Brucella causes significant economic losses due to infertility, abortion, stillbirth or weak calves, and neonatal mortality in livestock. Brucellosis is still a zoonosis of public health importance worldwide. The study was aimed to optimize and evaluate PCR assays used for the diagnosis of Brucella infections. For this aim, several primers and PCR protocols were performed and compared with Brucella cultures and biological material inoculated with Brucella. In PCR assays, genus- or species-specific oligonucleotide primers derived from 16S rRNA sequences (F4/R2, Ba148/928, IS711, BruP6-P7) and OMPs (JPF/JPR, 31ter/sd) of Brucella were used. All primers except for BruP6-P7 detected the DNA from reference Brucella strains and field isolates. In spiked blood, milk, and semen samples, F4-R2 primer-oriented PCR assays detected minimal numbers of Brucella. In spiked serum and fetal stomach content, Ba148/928 primer-oriented PCR assays detected minimal numbers of Brucella. Field samples collected from sheep and cattle were examined by bacteriological methods and optimized PCR assays. Overall, sensitivity of PCR assays was found superior to conventional bacteriological isolation. Brucella DNA was detected in 35.1, 1.1, 24.8, 5.0, and 8.0% of aborted fetus, blood, milk, semen, and serum samples by PCR assays, respectively. In conclusion, PCR assay in optimized conditions was found to be valuable in sensitive and specific detection of Brucella infections of animals. Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [VHAG-1902] This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project No: VHAG-1902).

Between 2002 and 2007, 75 strains of Brucella abortus were isolated from aborted bovine fetuses collected from several regions of Turkey. The isolates were all identified as B abortus biovar 3 by conventional methods. However, when they were analysed by enhanced amos-ery pcr, a 5·4 kb deletion, different from that in the Tulya strain ( B abortus biovar 3, atcc 23450), was identified in all of them. As a result, they were subtyped as B abortus biovar 3b.

A series of pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid and pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized, the structures were confirmed by their NMR (1H and13C) and FT-IR spectra, and elemental analyses. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds against five bacterial and five fungal pathogens were screened using modified agar well diffusion assay. Most of the molecules have inhibitory effects on both standard and clinical Candida albicans strains. However, only the molecules 8, 10, 21, and 22 demonstrate some inhibitory effects on Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata strains. The structure-antifungal activity relationships of the compounds on the C. albicans strains were investigated by electron-conformational method. The pharmacophores and antipharmacophores responsible for the inhibition and non-inhibition of the C. albicans strains were obtained by electronic and geometrical characteristics of the reactive fragments of the molecules. These fragments along with the associated parameters can be used in designing the future more potent antifungal agents. It has been shown that both the positions of electronegative atoms like F and O in the pyrazole substituents and the amount of the associated charges on such atoms are crucial in regulating the strength of antifungal activity for the C. albicans strain. © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Bu çalışmada Kayseri bölgesinde sığır ve koyunlardaki atık olgularında Brucella’nın rolü araştırıldı ve ağırlıklı alt-tür ve biyovarlar konvansiyonel ve moleküler biyotiplendirme metotları ile belirlendi. Çalışmada 61 adet sığır, 64 adet koyun atık materyali ve ayrıca 50 insan kanından izole edilmiş Brucella spp. incelendi. On yedi (%27.9)’si sığır ve 12’si (%18.7) koyun atık örneklerinden olmak üzere toplam 29 adet Brucella spp. izole edildi. Hayvan ve insan izolatları konvansiyonel yöntemler ve Enhanced AMOS-ERY PCR olmak üzere iki farklı yöntem ile tiplendirildi. Çalışma kapsamında sığırlardan izole edilen tüm Brucella spp.’nin B.abortus biyovar 3’e ait olduğu konvansiyonel yöntemlerle saptandı ve bu izolatların tamamının moleküler olarak biyovar 3b olduğu tespit edildi. Koyun ve insan orijinli izolatların ise konvansiyonel ve moleküler olarak B.melitensis biyovar 3 oldukları tespit edildi. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’nin Kayseri İli’nde, insan, sığır ve koyunlarda Brucellosis’e neden olan predominant Brucella biovarları belirlenmiş oldu. Bu bulguların Brucellosise yönelik koruma ve kontrol aktiviteleri için yararlı olabileceği düşünülmektedir, In this study, the role of Brucella spp. in cattle and sheep abortions among Kayseri region was investigated and predominant subspecies and biovars in this region were determined by conventional and molecular biotyping methods. For this purpose, 61 cattle and 64 sheep abortion material and also 50 human blood isolates were examined. A total of 29 Brucella spp. 17 (27.9%) and 12 (18.7%) of which were isolated from cattle and sheep specimens, respectively) were isolated from animal sources. Both animal and human isolates were typed by conventional and Enhanced AMOS-ERY PCR methods. All Brucella spp. strains isolated from cattle were found to belong to B. abortus biovar 3 and biovar 3b using conventional and molecular typing methods, respectively. All sheep originated Brucella spp. strains and human originated Brucella spp. strains were found to belong to B.melitensis biovar 3 using both conventional and molecular methods. As a result, predominant biovars causing brucellosis in human, cattle and sheep in Kayseri, Turkey were detected. These findings were considered to be useful in prevention and controlling activities for Brucellosis in Turkey

KEVENK, Tahsin Onur/0000-0003-2519-8060 WOS: 000287097100029 PubMed: 21104314 The genetic diversity of 168 Campylobacter jejuni isolates originating from human (n=30), cattle (n=36), sheep (n=44), dog (n=35), and poultry (n=21) and cdt genes prevalence of the isolates were investigated. To determine the genetic diversity of these strains, random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a random primer (M13) was performed. The numbers of genotypes determined in human, cattle, sheep, dog, and poultry isolates were 19, 18, 17, 18, and 6, respectively. To find out the prevalence of cdt genes in C. jejuni isolates simultaneously, a multiplex PCR was performed. The prevalence of the separate cdt genes was found to vary from 69% to 100% for cdtA, 92% to 100% for cdtB, and 39% to 98% for cdtC. These rates without host discriminating were 95%, 98%, and 93% for cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC, respectively. The prevalence of all three cdt genes in strains originating from human, cattle, sheep, dog, and poultry were 87%, 67%, 84%, 89%, and 39%, respectively. These results showed the relatively high genetic heterogeneity and variation of cdt genes among C. jejuni isolates from various sources except for poultry isolates. This study gives baseline data on molecular characterization of C. jejuni strains from different sources.

WOS: 000267775600029 PubMed: 19578303 Slime factor production and antibiotic resistance of 67 Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from chicken arthritis were investigated in this study. Slime factor productions of enterococci were found as 59.7%. The antibiotic resistances were investigated by testing gentamycin, penicillin, streptomycin, vancomycin, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. The resistance rates were found as 62.68%, 76.11%, 67.16%, 13.43%, 47.76%, 43.28%, respectively. For slime factor positive enterococci, the antibiotic resistance rates were found as follows respectively; 82.50%, 87.50%, 92.50%, 17.50%, 72.50%, and 60.00%. In conclusion; the slime factor might play a role as a colonization factor for chicken arthritis and slime factor positive enterococci were found to be more resistant to these antibiotics. The resistance rates between slime factor positive and negative enterococci against the tested antibiotics except for vancomycin were found statistically significant (p

Aims: To determine the prevalence of Arcobacter in various food, animal and water sources in Turkey and to subtype the isolated strains using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR., Aims: To determine the prevalence of Arcobacter in various food, animal and water sources in Turkey and to subtype the isolated strains using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR.Methods and Results: A total of 806 samples consisting of chicken (100) and turkey meat (100); minced beef (27); rectal swabs from cattle (173), sheep (68) and dogs (62); cloacal swabs of broilers (100) and layers (100); gall bladders of cattle (50) and drinking water samples (26) were examined. A previously described membrane filtration method was used for the isolation. Isolates were identified at species level using multiplex-PCR and discriminated by ERIC-PCR for subtyping. Ninety-eight (12·1%) of the samples examined were found positive for arcobacters. Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 68%, 4%, 6·9%, 8% and 37% of chicken and turkey meats, rectal swabs and gall bladders of cattle and minced beef, respectively. No arcobacters were obtained from the rectal swabs of sheep and dogs, cloacal swabs of broilers and layers, and water samples examined. In total, 99 Arcobacter isolates were obtained. Of these isolates, 92 were identified as Arcobacter butzleri, five were Arcobacter skirrowii and two were Arcobacter cryaerophilus. Thirteen distinct DNA profiles among A. butzleri isolates were obtained by the ERIC-PCR. Of these profiles, eight were from chicken carcass, three from cattle rectal swab and two from minced beef meat isolates. Some of the isolates originated from different sources gave the same DNA profiles. All isolates of A. skirrowii and A. cryaerophilus gave different DNA profiles.Conclusions: Poultry carcasses, minced beef meat, rectal swabs and gall bladders of cattle were found to be positive for Arcobacter spp. A. butzleri was the predominant species isolated. In addition, large heterogeneity among the Arcobacter isolates was determined.Significance and Impact of the Study: Contamination of the poultry carcasses and minced beef meat, rectal and gall bladder samples of cattle with arcobacters poses a risk for both human and animal infections. Detection of several different Arcobacter strains may suggest multiple sources for contamination and infection.