Search

Chemical compounds present on the cuticle of social insects are important in communication, as they are used in recognition of nestmates and sexual partners as well as in caste distinction, varying according to several factors, such as genetic and environmental. In this context, some studies have explored the cuticular chemical profile as a tool for assessing intra- and interspecific differences in social insects, although few studies have investigated this in social wasps. This study aimed to assess the differences in cuticular chemical profiles among different geographic samples of the wasp Mischocyttarus consimilis Zikán. Our hypothesis was that environmental factors are decisive to compose the cuticular chemical profiles of colonies of these social wasps and that there are differences regarding the geographic distribution among colonies. We used Fourier Transform Infrared-Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) to assess the chemical profiles of samples. Our results show that despite there are differences between the cuticular chemical composition of the wasps' samples from different populations, there is no significant correlation compared to the spatial distribution of the colonies nor with the environment. Thus, our hypothesis was refuted, and we can infer that in this species neither exogenous nor genetic factors stand out to differentiate the chemical signature of their colonies, but a combination of both.

Social insects depend on their nests for protection against predation and abiotic threats. Accordingly, the chemical compounds present in the material wasps use to build their nests can both facilitate communication and repel predators. It is herein hypothesized that different wasp species build their nests with different structure and substrate materials and that such materials consist of chemical compounds related to unique wasp behavior and outside temperature variation. To test this hypothesis, nests were collected from three species of social wasps, the samples of which were subjected to temperature variation under laboratory conditions. The compounds present in the substrate were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Chemical compounds identified in the nest material of the three species responded differently to temperature variation. Chemical compounds from Polybia nests were altered significantly when subjected to temperature variation, whereas the nests of Polistes versicolor did not significantly change in relation to the control. The differences found between Polistes and Polybia nests may be related to genetic factors, but also to the type of nest they construct. It is possible that divergent evolutionary strategies for maintaining colony temperature, as a function of the chemical composition of the nests, may have appeared between wasps that have open and closed nests. In relatively small colonies, nest substrate is more resistant to temperature variation because it is composed of a greater diversity of elements and thus capable of holding heavier, longer carbon chains. Our results suggest that chemical compounds in the nest material of the three wasp species analysed responded differently to fluctuating ambient temperatures and that such variation could result from the biochemical differences of unique wasp species or from thermoregulation strategies of colonies.

The present study evaluated mutagenic and genotoxic effects and metal accumulation in the liver and musculature of Pterygoplichthys ambrosetti and Prochilodus lineatus in the Amambai River, a tributary of the Upper Paraná River in Brazil. We also evaluated the potential for these fish species as environmental bioindicators and performed risk assessment for conservation purposes. We found that P. ambrosetti had a higher frequency of micronuclei compared to P. lineatus (p 0.0001). There were no significant differences between species in other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) (p 0.05). For both species, the liver contained a higher concentration of metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Ni) than the musculature did (p 0.0001). Of the two species, P. ambrosetti was more suitable to evaluate mutagenic and genotoxic effects and metal accumulation in the liver and musculature, likely due to its resident behavior; hence, we highlight the potential of this species for use as an environmental bioindicator. The concentrations of non-essential metals observed in the fish confirm conditions of environmental stress in the Amambai River, possibly related to the discharge of pollutants and exacerbated by lack of native vegetation cover along the watercourse.

One of the most important contributions of forensic entomology is to assist criminal expertise to determine the postmortem interval, which depends on the duration of the immature stages of insects of forensic interest. On the other hand, the time of development of the different stages varies according to the species; therefore, its identification is essential. Currently, few studies have investigated the use of cuticular hydrocarbons, and none regarding fatty acids, as complementary taxonomic tools to expedite species identification. Therefore, we evaluated whether cuticular hydrocarbons together with fatty acids of eggs of flies of the family Calliphoridae, main group of forensic interest, can be used to distinguish species. The analyses were performed by chromatographic techniques. The results show that there are significant differences between the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons and fatty acids between species and, therefore, they can be used to provide a complementary taxonomic tool to expedite the forensic expertise.

Changes in diet of Laetacara araguaiae Ottoni and Costa, 2009 were evaluated in the Sucuriu River (Upper Parana basin, Brazil) in an area with a small hydroelectric power plant, both before and after the formation of the reservoir, in order to answer: Did the construction of the reservoir affected the diet of this species? The results showed greater change of diet composition in the upstream section of the reservoir. It was observed that before the formation of the reservoir and the first year after, the individuals from upstream section formed a group characterized by an insectivorous diet. With the dam construction and habitat change we observed that aquatic plant material, sediment, and algae predominated in the diet. These results show the opportunistic feeding habit of L. araguaiae and contribute to the understanding of how the impoundment of rivers can influence the trophic dynamics of the ichthyofauna.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to detect the presence of bioaccumulated Fe and Pb in scales of Salminus brasiliensis and Prochilodus lineatus, and to compare the results from this technique with those obtained using the conventional atomic absorption spectrometry technique. The study used fish collected in the Amambai River, Upper Parana River, Brazil. The LIBS technique detected the presence of Fe in S. brasiliensis scales and Fe and Pb in P. lineatus scales on different regions. Using atomic absorption spectrometry, we verified a significant difference in Fe concentration in scales between the species analyzed, with a higher concentration in S. brasiliensis than in P. lineatus (p = 0.0004). Pb was not detected using atomic absorption spectrometry in either species because the concentration of this element was below the limit of detection of this technique. The LIBS technique was efficient in detecting Fe and Pb in scales of the two species analyzed, proving to be a promising tool for environmental monitoring.

This study assessed the quality of vegetation cover in the Parque Estadual das Varzeas do Rio Ivinhema (PEVRI, Upper Parana River basin, MS, Brazil), the concentration of metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn and Ni) in water and muscle and hepatic tissues of five fish species collected in the PEVRI – Hemiodus orthonops, Leporinus friderici, Prochilodus lineatus, Pterodoras granulosus and Pimelodus maculatus – in addition to non-carcinogenic risk assessment and genotoxicity potential in these species. Regarding vegetation index, we found that only 26.25% of the PEVRI area is occupied by denser vegetation. In the sites analyzed, Cd, Cu, Fe and Ni showed high concentrations in water, above the reference values established by the legislation. In the muscle and hepatic tissues of the fish species analyzed, Cd and Pb values exceeded the reference limits. The genotoxic alterations identified in erythrocytes of the fish species studied were nuclear invagination, nuclear budding, picnosis, binucleated cell and lobulate nucleus. For the non-carcinogenic risk assessment in fish, Cd and Pb presented values greater than 1, indicating risk in the consumption of these fish. In the bioaccumulation factor, Cd and Pb were greater than 100 in all fish species analyzed, except for Pb in L. friderici. The results indicated that the water resources of the PEVRI are being affected by some type of contaminant, probably due to anthropic activities carried out around the park or carried from the upper portions of the basin through the drainage system.

This study aimed to describe the diversity of fish parasites in the Amambai River, in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, and generate information to facilitate studies of the biotic integrity of the region. During the period of September 2015 and July 2015, 48 specimens of 11 species of fish were analyzed for parasites. A total of 56.25% of the fish sampled from the Amambai River were infected with one or more metazoan species. A total of 21,514 parasite specimens belonging to 24 different species we found; they were distributed among six groups: Acanthocephala (Neoechinorhynchida), Cestoda (Proteocephalidea), Crustacea (Ergasilidae), Digenea (Cladorchiidae, Dadaytrema ), Monogenea (Dactylogyridae) and Nematoda (Atractidae, Cucullanidae, Camallanidae, Rhabdochonidae). Of these, a monogenean, Mymarothecium sp. and four nematodes – Cucullanus sp.; Procamallanus ( Spirocamallanus ) inopinatus Travassos, Artigas, and Pereira, 1928; Rabdochona acuminate (Molin, 1860); and Rondonia rondoni Travassos, 1920 – were recorded for the first time on new hosts. This is the first work to gather information about the parasite fauna of fish from Amambai River in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, and provides records that contribute new reports of the occurrence of parasites in new locations.

This study analyses the ontogenetic diet shifts of a Neotropical catfish, Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae), from an ecomorphological standpoint. We collected 241 individuals in the Piracicaba River (Brazil) and, in the laboratory, seven morphometric variables were recorded from each specimen: standard length (SL), body depth, head length, snout length, eye diameter, mouth height and mouth width. After standardizing these measurements (as a proportion of SL), linear regressions were run to determine whether their growth was isometric or allometric in relation to SL. The diet analysis shows that the main food item for fish in the smaller size classes is aquatic insects, while the largest individuals feed mainly on other fish. As the great majority of the morphometric variables analyzed showed isometric growth as a function of SL – which means that these fish do not change their shape significantly during their lives – the ontogenetic diet shifts may be seen as a consequence of the absolute size increment of their mouth gape, which allows individuals to maximize their energetic gain by ingesting larger prey with a higher caloric content.

The aim of this study is to describe the seasonal variations of condition factor and of the gonadal development cycle of Pimelodella cf. gracilis in Amambai River (MS, Brazil). The length and weight of 232 individuals were measured to calculate the Allometric Condition Factor. For the females (n=162), we also obtained the ovarian weight and the gonadal maturity stages in order to calculate the GSI and the relative frequency (%) of this stages at each season of the year. Results indicate that the highest GSI values were registered in spring and summer. Thus, we concluded that the spawning season of this species occurs between October and April. However, it was not possible to identify more precisely when this event occurs. The highest values of condition factor were observed in summer, as a probable consequence of the more intensive feeding activity that individuals demonstrate during the spring.

The aim of this study is to describe the diet and the feeding activity of Pimelodella cf. gracilis in Amambai river, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, along the four seasons of the year. For this, the stomach contents of 232 individuals were analyzed and their Stomach Fullness Index was calculated. The results indicate that this species is omnivorous and generalist, so it consumes feeding items of several origins, such as plant material, terrestrial and aquatic insects, mollusks, fish scales, sediments and non-identified material. Notwithstanding this, the plant material was predominant in the diet along the whole year, indicating that Pimelodella cf. gracilis tends to herbivorous habit. The composition of the basic diet changed seasonally, so we observed that allochthonous items have their importance increased in the warm and rainy seasons. Besides this, we also observed seasonal shifts in the feeding activity, probably due to climactic (temperature and precipitation) and physiological factors (reproductive cycle).

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-69842006000100005.pdf: 517087 bytes, checksum: 5f621723efa814a966aa707b3dd9a35c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1519-69842006000100005.pdf: 517087 bytes, checksum: 5f621723efa814a966aa707b3dd9a35c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:29:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-69842006000100005.pdf: 517087 bytes, checksum: 5f621723efa814a966aa707b3dd9a35c (MD5) S1519-69842006000100005.pdf.txt: 24932 bytes, checksum: 3c7178650402b277b2b725d02e35b6ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:59:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-69842006000100005.pdf: 517087 bytes, checksum: 5f621723efa814a966aa707b3dd9a35c (MD5) S1519-69842006000100005.pdf.txt: 24932 bytes, checksum: 3c7178650402b277b2b725d02e35b6ce (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:59:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1519-69842006000100005.pdf: 517087 bytes, checksum: 5f621723efa814a966aa707b3dd9a35c (MD5) S1519-69842006000100005.pdf.txt: 24932 bytes, checksum: 3c7178650402b277b2b725d02e35b6ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O propósito deste estudo é investigar se as variações dos parâmetros limnológicos do rio Corumbataí - como uma conseqüência do lançamento de dejetos em suas águas - é responsável por variações na dieta e na captura do cascudo Hypostomus strigaticeps (Regan, 1907). Os indivíduos foram coletados durante dois anos em dois pontos do rio, com características físicas semelhantes, mas sujeitos a diferentes condições limnológicas; as variáveis ambientais (temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, coliformes totais e coliformes fecais), quando consideradas conjuntamente, variaram significativamente entre os locais. As categorias alimentares encontradas nos tubos digestórios dos cascudos (sedimento, material não identificado, hifas de fungo, diatomáceas, clorófitas e cianófitas) apresentaram ordenamento hierárquico distinto nas amostras provenientes de diferentes pontos do rio. No local mais poluído (ponto B), diatomáceas e clorófitas ocuparam postos mais importantes em relação ao observado na dieta dos indivíduos coletados no ponto mais preservado (ponto A). Este resultado possivelmente esteja relacionado à maior concentração de matéria orgânica observada no ponto B, propiciando condições ambientais favoráveis à proliferação de algas e, conseqüentemente, para um peixe comedor de algas. Contudo, o número de indivíduos capturados no ponto B foi menor, sugerindo que, embora a oferta de alimento seja mais abundante no local mais alterado, as condições limnológicas neste ponto, quando consideradas em seu conjunto, são possivelmente menos benéficas para a sobrevivência da espécie que as condições observadas no ponto A. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether variations in the limnological parameters of the Corumbataí river resulting from the discharge of a variety of wastes into its waters may be responsible for spatial shifts in the diet and capture of the armored catfish Hypostomus strigaticeps (Regan, 1907). Individuals were collected over a period of two years from two sites with similar physical, albeit distinct limnological characteristics. As a whole, the environmental variables (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and total coliforms and fecal coliforms) of the two sites were found to vary significantly. The food items found in the guts of these armored catfish (sediments, diatoms, fungi hyphae, chlorophytes, cyanophytes and non-identified material) ranked differently in samples from the two sites. In the more polluted (site B), diatoms and chlorophytes ranked higher in the diet than in that of individuals caught in the more preserved location (site A). This fact may be related to the greater amount of organic material found at site B, which provides favorable environmental conditions for such algae and, consequently, for algivorous fishes. Even so, fewer fish were captured at site B than at site A, suggesting that although food is more abundant in the more polluted site, its limnological conditions appear, on the whole, to be less beneficial than the conditions at site A. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS) Laboratório de Análise e Monitoramento Ambiental do Gás Natural (GASLAB) Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologia

With the objective of evaluating the influence of the environmental integrity on feeding, condition factor and reproduction of Phalloceros harpagos, the species biology was analyzed in the Taruma Stream micro-basin, Navirai, Mato Grosso do Sul State (upper Parana river). Samples were collected from 2007 to 2010, and biometric data of specimens was registered. Stomach and gonad were taken for the analysis of feeding and reproduction, respectively. The species is detritivore, showing a high flexibility in the diet. Debris and sediment, followed by plant and algae were the most ingested items. As for the condition factor, no definite pattern was observed in the values for both sexes, probably because the species has a long reproductive period. The frequency of occurrence distribution of gonad maturity stages indicated a greater number of immature females in the dry season at one of the least impacted sites. On the other hand, in the most affected site females were observed with increased fecundity. From the results obtained, it was found that the different levels of environmental degradation have no significant influence on feeding and condition factor, but rather probably exert influence on the reproduction of the species.